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Effective family research requires understanding the historic events that affected your family and the records about them. Learning about wars, migrations, settlement patterns, and economic or religious trends may help you understand family movements. Your ancestors may be more interesting to you if you learn about the events that shaped their lives. | Effective family research requires understanding the historic events that affected your family and the records about them. Learning about wars, migrations, settlement patterns, and economic or religious trends may help you understand family movements. Your ancestors may be more interesting to you if you learn about the events that shaped their lives. | ||
Some key dates and events in | = Some key dates and events in ENGLAND'S HISTORY = | ||
'''1300 BC''' The genealogy of the Druid Kings of Britain begins with '''Aedd Mawr and his son Brydain '''in 1300 BC. Brydain named the Islands after himself-Britain. Britain means "Covenant Race". The complete genealogy is printed out on the chart "One Royal Line of Judah" by Albert F. Schmuhl. | '''1300 BC''' The genealogy of the Druid Kings of Britain begins with '''Aedd Mawr and his son Brydain '''in 1300 BC. Brydain named the Islands after himself-Britain. Britain means "Covenant Race". The complete genealogy is printed out on the chart "One Royal Line of Judah" by Albert F. Schmuhl. | ||
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'''65-68 AD Rome''' invaded Britain but were repulsed by the fighting Islanders. | '''65-68 AD Rome''' invaded Britain but were repulsed by the fighting Islanders. | ||
'''100 AD Rome invaded and conquered Britain'''. Many Christains were fed to the lions and killed by the gladiators. '''325 AD Council of Nicea'''. The British bishops attended the Council of Nicea and since Britain had built the first Christain church, the British bishops were given first priority to speak. They presented their concept of the Godhead, but the Greek concept was accepted by Constantine. As a result of the Niceen Creed and the Roman rule, Catholic Bishops replaced the British ones and taught the country Catholic doctrine. The country gradually converted to the Catholic religion. However, many held on to their Celtic beliefs. | '''100 AD Rome invaded and conquered Britain'''. Many Christains were fed to the lions and killed by the gladiators. '''325 AD Council of Nicea'''. The British bishops attended the Council of Nicea and since Britain had built the first Christain church, the British bishops were given first priority to speak. They presented their concept of the Godhead, but the Greek concept was accepted by Constantine. As a result of the Niceen Creed and the Roman rule, Catholic Bishops replaced the British ones and taught the country Catholic doctrine. The country gradually converted to the Catholic religion. However, many held on to their Celtic beliefs. | ||
'''400 AD Abbott Bean''' of Glastonbury wrote five volumes of "Britain's History Prior to Christainity". He had a library of over 200 books. Glastonbury Church of St. Mary with its library was enlarged to become the largest church in the British Isles. St. Mary's Church trained priests like St. Patrick who took Christanity to Ireland. The church and its vast library was burned in 1184 to destroy the records of the inferior race which William the Conqueror subugated. King William gave orders that once the Norman Churches were constructed the Saxon churches were to be burnt. Before it was burnt, William of Malmsbury read the records of the library and recorded the history from Joseph of Arimathea to the 1100's. William of Malmsbury made a historical summary of Glastonbury. | '''400 AD Abbott Bean''' of Glastonbury wrote five volumes of "Britain's History Prior to Christainity". He had a library of over 200 books. Glastonbury Church of St. Mary with its library was enlarged to become the largest church in the British Isles. St. Mary's Church trained priests like St. Patrick who took Christanity to Ireland. The church and its vast library was burned in 1184 to destroy the records of the inferior race which William the Conqueror subugated. King William gave orders that once the Norman Churches were constructed the Saxon churches were to be burnt. Before it was burnt, William of Malmsbury read the records of the library and recorded the history from Joseph of Arimathea to the 1100's. William of Malmsbury made a historical summary of Glastonbury. | ||
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'''1050 AD The Danish Vikings''' invade and conqueror England. King Harold fought off an invasion by his brother in '''1066 AD '''with his army marching to northern England. After defeating his brothers army, King Harold marched his army south to meet the army of William the Conqueror. The armies met at Hastings and fought a bloody battle in which King Harold was killed and his army defeated. Duke William conquered England in 1066. | '''1050 AD The Danish Vikings''' invade and conqueror England. King Harold fought off an invasion by his brother in '''1066 AD '''with his army marching to northern England. After defeating his brothers army, King Harold marched his army south to meet the army of William the Conqueror. The armies met at Hastings and fought a bloody battle in which King Harold was killed and his army defeated. Duke William conquered England in 1066. | ||
'''1066 | '''1066 William the Conqueror''' '''made King of England by defeating King Harold.''' | ||
1077 Provost Alwin Child came from France and set up churches and religious Cluny orders of monks. The | '''1077 Provost Alwin Child''' came from France and set up churches and religious Cluny orders of monks. The Cs when St. Peters was built in Rome. Alwin Child built the Church of the Savior, the Church of Mary Magdalene and the Palace for William the Conqueror and his son William Ruffus. Alwin Child lived in the palace with the Kings and over saw its operation for the King until his death in 1082. Alwin was the Chancellor of Religion for the new Kings of England. Alwin left his will in 1082, Bermondsay, (London) Surrey, England. Alwin's son Alwin Child brought the Cluny monks from France in 1089 before he died in 1094. Alwin Child's son Roger Infans or Child went on the first crusade to Jerusalem and assisted in its capture from 1096-1098. Roger Infans returned to England to run the Royal Castle of Rockingham in Northamptonshire. He served as commander of the royal guard and was a baron over more than ten manors. More French were brought into England to be Royal Judges or Provosts over cities. Knights predided over 1-9 manors, and Franklins over a manor. The feudal system was instituted upon the English by the French with the gentry and noblity classes as rulers. The English were made serfs or slaves and confined to the manors in which they live. A series of judical courts were instituted from the manorial, Provost or city and shire level. Royal or country matters were brought before the Royal Court of Judges. | ||
King William Ruffus was murdered leaving no heir to the throne. Henry Plantagent was brought from France to be the next King with Eleanor as his wife. The Knights Templar returned from Jerusalem to England and built castles and churches. They were good businessmen and established businesses in England. | '''King William Ruffus '''was murdered leaving no heir to the throne. Henry Plantagent was brought from France to be the next King with Eleanor as his wife. The Knights Templar returned from Jerusalem to England and built castles and churches. They were good businessmen and established businesses in England. | ||
'''1216 King John and the Magna Carter | '''1216 King John and the Magna Carter ''' King John replaced Henry and ruled by absolute monarchy. King John retained all the land and power unto himself. The barons, viscounts, and earls who officated over the shires rebelled against King John. The Lords of the shires all met and wrote up the Magna Carter. By signing the Magna Carter in 1216, King John was force to give up land and power to the Lords of the shires. The Magna Carter gave representation into parilament from each shire. | ||
''' Parilament. '''The Lords of the shires established parilament as the House of the Lords. The House of Commons was established giving the gentry class two representatives from each shire. These representatives were usually knights or esquires. Pariliament would meet every twenty years or as needed with their elected counterparts. The Parliament building was eventually built from Coteswold stone in Westminister. | ''' Parilament. '''The Lords of the shires established parilament as the House of the Lords. The House of Commons was established giving the gentry class two representatives from each shire. These representatives were usually knights or esquires. Pariliament would meet every twenty years or as needed with their elected counterparts. The Parliament building was eventually built from Coteswold stone in Westminister. | ||
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'''1400's. '''Parliament establishes classes of Gentry and Lords depending on how much land a person own. Knights who wer<span id="fck_dom_range_temp_1237388635125_401" />e not actively serving, became esquires. | '''1400's. '''Parliament establishes classes of Gentry and Lords depending on how much land a person own. Knights who wer<span id="fck_dom_range_temp_1237388635125_401" />e not actively serving, became esquires. | ||
100 years war with France with battles won by both sides. War of the Roses 1458-1487 between the Duke of Lancaster and the Duke of York. The Duke of Lancaster won the war by killing the Duke of York. | '''English wars. '''The 100 years war with France was fought with battles won by both sides. War of the Roses was fought from 1458-1487 between the Duke of Lancaster and the Duke of York. The Duke of Lancaster won the war by killing the Duke of York. | ||
'''1484 Parliament declared all men to be freeman!''' The serfs and common people of England were now free to own land, to come and go, leave at will, but still had to pay taxes and obey the laws of the land. Prior to this time the records were in Latin. English was established as the spoken and written language. Rules of writing and speaking followed as English evolved. The Catholic Church retained their services in Latin. | '''1484 Parliament declared all men to be freeman!''' The serfs and common people of England were now free to own land, to come and go, leave at will, but still had to pay taxes and obey the laws of the land. Prior to this time the records were in Latin. English was established as the spoken and written language. Rules of writing and speaking followed as English evolved. The Catholic Church retained their services in Latin. | ||
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'''1538 King Henry VIII ordered parishes to begin keeping vital records within their parishes. '''Not all the churches started keeping christenings, marriage, and burial records. | '''1538 King Henry VIII ordered parishes to begin keeping vital records within their parishes. '''Not all the churches started keeping christenings, marriage, and burial records. | ||
'''1542 Thomas Cromwell '''established the Church of England as the state religion by overthrowing the Catholic Church. King Henry VIII had killed any one who opposed him including the Earl of Montgomery and the Abbott of Glastonbury. The king had destroyed all the statues of saints, did away with priories, nunneries, monks, nuns, established divorce and created his new church called the Church of England. King Henry had his wives killed who bore him daughters and Thomas Cromwell beheaded for finding him a wife who bore a girl. King Henry's only son Henry died at the age of 18 leaving Mary(Catholic) and Elizabeth(Church of England) to fight over the throne. After years of fighting, Elizabeth became the Queen of England. Mary fled to Scotland where she was known as Mary Queen of Scots. She had a son James before being killed. James became King of England and Scotland in 1603. | '''1542 Thomas Cromwell '''established the Church of England as the state religion by overthrowing the Catholic Church. King Henry VIII had killed any one who opposed him including the Earl of Montgomery and the Abbott of Glastonbury. The king had destroyed all the statues of saints, did away with priories, nunneries, monks, nuns, established divorce and created his new church called the Church of England. King Henry had his wives killed who bore him daughters and Thomas Cromwell beheaded for finding him a wife who bore a girl. King Henry's only son Henry died at the age of 18 leaving Mary(Catholic) and Elizabeth(Church of England) to fight over the throne. After years of fighting, Elizabeth became the Queen of England. Mary fled to Scotland where she was known as Mary Queen of Scots. She had a son James before being killed. James became King of England and Scotland in 1603. | ||
1584 Puritan Movement: The Puritain Relgions flurished and thir leaders established Emanuel College in 1584 at Cambridge University. Emanuel college taught the Protestant doctrine and men to be ministers like Benjamin Childe. | '''1584 Puritan Movement:''' The Puritain Relgions flurished and thir leaders established Emanuel College in 1584 at Cambridge University. Emanuel college taught the Protestant doctrine and men to be ministers like Benjamin Childe. | ||
1588-89 War with Spain. England defeated Spains naval "Armada" making England the ruling power of the world. | '''1588-89 War with Spain'''. England defeated Spains naval "Armada" making England the ruling power of the world. | ||
1611 King James had the bibical scholars of the world translate the manuscripts of the Greek Bible into the King James Version of the Bible. | '''1611 King James '''had the bibical scholars of the world translate the manuscripts of the Greek Bible into the King James Version of the Bible. | ||
!641 Oliver Cromwell invaded Ireland and put down the Irish rebellion and re-established the Scottish and English rule in Ireland. | '''!641 Oliver Cromwell '''invaded Ireland and put down the Irish rebellion and re-established the Scottish and English rule in Ireland. | ||
King Charles I had religious protestant demonstrators killed in Leicestershire. Parliament declared treason on Charles I for having religious demostrators killed. King Charles financial policies and religious policies causethe country to be divided. | King Charles I had religious protestant demonstrators killed in Leicestershire. Parliament declared treason on Charles I for having religious demostrators killed. King Charles financial policies and religious policies causethe country to be divided. | ||
1642- 1651 England's Civil War. The English Civil War became a religious war between the Protestants and the Church of England. The Protestants won the war destroying most of the Castles in England that were used as strongholds by King Charles' army. Charles fled to Scotland but was returned to England where he was tried and beheaded for treason. Oliver Cromwell became the Lord Protector of England from 1651-1660. Oliver's son Richard became Lord Protector, but was overthrown by the House of the Lords. The Lords placed Charles II on the throne of England. | '''1642- 1651 England's Civil War'''. The English Civil War became a religious war between the Protestants and the Church of England. The Protestants won the war destroying most of the Castles in England that were used as strongholds by King Charles' army. Charles fled to Scotland but was returned to England where he was tried and beheaded for treason. Oliver Cromwell became the Lord Protector of England from 1651-1660. Oliver's son Richard became Lord Protector, but was overthrown by the House of the Lords. The Lords placed Charles II on the throne of England. Bishop's Courts were abolished and many changes in the government were instituted. | ||
Charles II 1661. King Charles II persecuted the Protestants by arresting them and sentencing them to prison on trumped up charges. To avoid being arrested, over twenty thousand Protestants fled England for for the colonies and Canada. After filling the prisons, the prisoners were transported to to Canada, the Colonies, Islands, Africa, and Australia. | '''Charles II 1661'''. King Charles II persecuted the Protestants by arresting them and sentencing them to prison on trumped up charges. To avoid being arrested, over twenty thousand Protestants fled England for for the colonies and Canada. After filling the prisons, the prisoners were transported to to Canada, the Colonies, Islands, Africa, and Australia. | ||
1688 Charles II declared to be Catholic, found guilty, and ablacated the throne. | '''1688 Charles II '''declared to be Catholic, found guilty, and ablacated the throne. | ||
| '''1688–1689: William of Orange from Holland crowned King of England.''' | ||
'''1707: England and Wales united with Scotland to form the United Kingdom.''' | |||
'''1733: English replaced Latin in official records.''' | |||
'''1752: England adopted the new Gregorian calendar. The first day of the year started on 1 January.''' | |||
'''1756–1765<nowiki>: The first English navigation canals appeared. The Industrial Revolution began and cities grew with the invention of the steam engine and the spinning jenny. </nowiki>''' | |||
''' | '''1800: Ireland became part of the United Kingdom.''' | ||
''' | '''1804-1815 War with Napolean and France in which England was victorious.''' | ||
''' | '''1812 War with the United States in which the United States were victorious.''' | ||
'''1830<nowiki>: First railways appeared in England.</nowiki>''' | '''1830<nowiki>: First railways appeared in England.</nowiki>''' | ||
'''1834: Poor law unions took poor relief responsibilities away from parishes. Workhouses established.''' | '''1834: Poor law unions took poor relief responsibilities away from parishes. Workhouses established.''' | ||
'''1837: Civil registration began on 1 July. Queen Victoria reigned from 1837 to 1901.''' | '''1837: Civil registration began on 1 July. Queen Victoria reigned from 1837 to 1901.''' | ||
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'''1882: Married women were given the right to use and dispose of their own property.''' | '''1882: Married women were given the right to use and dispose of their own property.''' | ||
'''1914-1918 World War I '''with Germany, Russia | |||
'''1940-1945 World War II '''with Germany,Japan, Italy, Russia | |||
'''Queen Elizabeth reigns in England''' | |||
=== '''Websites''' === | === '''Websites''' === | ||