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To get started in [[American Indian Genealogy|American Indian Research]] | To get started in [[American Indian Genealogy|American Indian Research]] | ||
The Navajo Tribe is primarily associated with the states of [[Indians of Arizona|Arizona]], [[Indians of Utah|Utah]], [[Indians of Colorado|Colorado]], and [[Indians of New Mexico|New Mexico]]. | The Navajo Tribe is primarily associated with the states of [[Indians of Arizona|Arizona]], [[Indians of Utah|Utah]], [[Indians of Colorado|Colorado]], and [[Indians of New Mexico|New Mexico]]. | ||
== '''HISTORY''' == | == '''HISTORY''' == | ||
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*Self-Determination (1970-Present) | *Self-Determination (1970-Present) | ||
=== Clan System === | |||
=== Clan System | |||
Just like any other civilization, precautionary steps were taken to limit intermarriages among immediate family members. | Just like any other civilization, precautionary steps were taken to limit intermarriages among immediate family members. The Navajo established family clans, with the maternal line being the predominate line. When introducing one self, a Navajo will provide their parent's clan and typically their maternal grandfather and paternal grandfather's clan, establishing your place in the world. For a more detailed list of clans, a short history and a brief introduction, [http://www.lapahie.com/Dine_Clans.cfm click here, clans].<br> | ||
=== Agencies === | === Agencies === | ||
The Navajo Nation's reservation boundaries has been changing since the original reservation boundaries were established in 1868. At the same time, governmental guardianship over these lands has changed. Currently, the Navajo Nation is divided into five agencies ([[ | The Navajo Nation's reservation boundaries has been changing since the original reservation boundaries were established in 1868. At the same time, governmental guardianship over these lands has changed. Currently, the Navajo Nation is divided into five agencies ([[Chinle Indian Agency (Arizona)|Chinle Agency]], [[Eastern Navajo Indian Agency (Arizona)|Eastern Navajo Agency]] (AZ), [[Eastern Navajo Indian Agency (New Mexico)|Eastern Navajo Agency]] (NM), [[Western Navajo Indian Agency (Arizona)|Western Navajo Agency]], [[Fort Defiance Indian Agency|Fort Defiance Agency]], and [[Shiprock Indian Agency (New Mexico)|Shiprock Agency]]), with the seat of government located in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_Rock,_Arizona Window Rock, Arizona]. Each of these agencies are further divided into smaller political units called [http://www.navajo-nsn.gov/chapters.htm Chapters], the number of Chapters have fluctuated over the years, but there are roughly 110 Chapters. Typically, Chapters do not carry documents containing family history information, and most will refer you to the Navajo Nation offices. Many of the documents held at the agencies have also been transfered to National and Regional archives throughout the United States. <br> | ||
==== CONTACT ==== | ==== CONTACT ==== | ||
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(928) 871-6000 | (928) 871-6000 | ||
When searching U.S. Federal Indian Census records their records are divided into reservation boundaries which include: | When searching U.S. Federal Indian Census records their records are divided into reservation boundaries which include: | ||
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*San Juan (located around northern San Juan County, NM) | *San Juan (located around northern San Juan County, NM) | ||
*Southern Navajo Reservation | *Southern Navajo Reservation | ||
*Western Navajo Reservation | *Western Navajo Reservation<br> | ||
When searching for individuals, your search should also include surrounding tribal records of the Apaches, Hopis (or Moqui), Paiutes, Pueblos, and Utes.<br> | |||
When searching for individuals, your search should also include surrounding tribal records of the Apaches, Hopis (or Moqui), Paiutes, Pueblos, and Utes.<br> | |||
=== Reservation === | === Reservation === | ||
Like most civilizations throughout the world, geography plays a crucial role in Navajo life, mythology, religion, and history. In more modern times, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Reservation reservation] boundaries have been established by the United States of America on behalf of the Navajo Indians and over time those boundaries have changed. Learning local history can also help with understanding family history. Current boundaries for the Navajo Reservation is about 24,078,127 square miles, making it the largest Indian reservation in the United States. It covers parts of Arizona, New Mexico and Utah. There are also three | Like most civilizations throughout the world, geography plays a crucial role in Navajo life, mythology, religion, and history. In more modern times, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Reservation reservation] boundaries have been established by the United States of America on behalf of the Navajo Indians and over time those boundaries have changed. Learning local history can also help with understanding family history. Current boundaries for the Navajo Reservation is about 24,078,127 square miles, making it the largest Indian reservation in the United States. It covers parts of Arizona, New Mexico and Utah. There are also three separate entites which are also under Navajo jurisdiction: the Ramah Navajo Indian Reservation, the Alamo Navajo Indian Reservation, and the Tohajiilee Indian Reservation.<br><br>Tribal lands are trust lands and as a result there are no private land owners, and all Tribal Trust land is owned in common and administered by the Nation's government. There are also BIA Indian Allotment lands which are privately owned by the heirs and generations of the original BIA Indian Allotee to whom it was issued. Tribal Trust lands are leased to both customary land users (may include homesites, grazing, and other uses) and organizations (may include BIA and other federal agencies, churches, and other religious organizations, as well as private or commercial businesses).<br><br> | ||
Below is a Navajo Nation Public Service Map | Below is a Navajo Nation Public Service Map | ||
[[Image:Map of Navajo Nation Public Health Service.jpg|frame|center|450x375px | [[Image:Map of Navajo Nation Public Health Service.jpg|frame|center|450x375px]]<br> | ||
<br> | |||
For a different and more detailed map with locations in Navajo, click: [http://www.lapahie.com/Navajo_Map_Lg.cfm Navajo Reservation Map]<br> | For a different and more detailed map with locations in Navajo, click: [http://www.lapahie.com/Navajo_Map_Lg.cfm Navajo Reservation Map]<br> | ||
=== Superintendencies === | === Superintendencies === | ||
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See [[Navajo Nation, Arizona (Reservation)]]<br> | See [[Navajo Nation, Arizona (Reservation)]]<br> | ||
== '''RECORDS''' == | == '''RECORDS''' == | ||
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As the result of a number of issues surrounding land, the federal government and especially with the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Reorganization_Act Indian Reorganization Act of 1934] (a.k.a Wheeler-Howard Act) which encouraged Natives to determining their membership and enrollment. The question set before Natives was, "Who is an Indian?" To help move the issue along, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_quantum_laws#Tribes_requiring_1.2F4_degree_blood_quantum_for_membership Blood Quantum] was introduced as a requirement for tribal membership, allowing tribes to select the degree of ancestry for an individual to be considered part of a specific tribe. As for the Navajos, 1/4 degree of blood for membership was selected. | As the result of a number of issues surrounding land, the federal government and especially with the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Reorganization_Act Indian Reorganization Act of 1934] (a.k.a Wheeler-Howard Act) which encouraged Natives to determining their membership and enrollment. The question set before Natives was, "Who is an Indian?" To help move the issue along, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_quantum_laws#Tribes_requiring_1.2F4_degree_blood_quantum_for_membership Blood Quantum] was introduced as a requirement for tribal membership, allowing tribes to select the degree of ancestry for an individual to be considered part of a specific tribe. As for the Navajos, 1/4 degree of blood for membership was selected. | ||
For those that were enrolled into a federally recognized tribe are given a Certificate of Indian Blood or CIB and are assigned an Indian Census Number unique to each individual. Knowing your relatives' Indian Census Number can be quite helpful when searching the Indian Census Rolls and can help eliminate | For those that were enrolled into a federally recognized tribe are given a Certificate of Indian Blood or CIB and are assigned an Indian Census Number unique to each individual. Knowing your relatives' Indian Census Number can be quite helpful when searching the Indian Census Rolls and can help eliminate confusion, but not all Indian Census Roll takers included censuses. At times the U.S. decennial census taker would include Census Numbers in their records. | ||
==== ENROLLMENT ==== | ==== ENROLLMENT ==== | ||
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(928) 871-6386 or (928) 729-4020 | (928) 871-6386 or (928) 729-4020 | ||
==== INDIAN | ==== INDIAN CENSUS ROLLS, 1885-1940 ==== | ||
The [http://www.archives.gov/research/census/native-americans/1885-1940.html National Archives Microfilm Publication M595] has copies of the the Indian Census Rolls, containing about 692 rolls dealing with a large number of tribes in the United States. It is during this time that Indian Census Roll takers were given instructions to include an individual's Indian and English name. By 1902 instruction was given that families should be given the same surname and that they should translate Indian names into English if they were too difficult to pronounce or remember. If names were too "foolish, cumbersome or uncouth translations which would handicap a self-respecting person should not be tolerated," or derogatory nicknames were dropped and changed.<br><br>When searching Indian Census Rolls, be mindful that they are divided into one of four main agencies (Eastern, Southern, Western, Northern, and some smaller ones), others can be found in other surrounding tribal census records (Apache, Hopi, Ute, Paiute, and etc).<br><br>Online verses Microfilm. Online Indian Census Rolls can be found at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1059 Ancestry.com] (a pay site), this has all the benefits of searching records from the comfort of home. At this point in time they only have a few Indian Census Rolls available for Navajo records. Searching microfilm at LDS Family History Libraries (free) can be more time consuming, but can provide more information which is left out by on-line sites. On-line sites only include the names of individuals and leave out a wealth of information at the beginning of the census rolls; which includes special instructions and procedures by the census taker and even census maps. | The [http://www.archives.gov/research/census/native-americans/1885-1940.html National Archives Microfilm Publication M595] has copies of the the Indian Census Rolls, containing about 692 rolls dealing with a large number of tribes in the United States. It is during this time that Indian Census Roll takers were given instructions to include an individual's Indian and English name. By 1902 instruction was given that families should be given the same surname and that they should translate Indian names into English if they were too difficult to pronounce or remember. If names were too "foolish, cumbersome or uncouth translations which would handicap a self-respecting person should not be tolerated," or derogatory nicknames were dropped and changed.<br><br>When searching Indian Census Rolls, be mindful that they are divided into one of four main agencies (Eastern, Southern, Western, Northern, and some smaller ones), others can be found in other surrounding tribal census records (Apache, Hopi, Ute, Paiute, and etc).<br><br>Online verses Microfilm. Online Indian Census Rolls can be found at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1059 Ancestry.com] (a pay site), this has all the benefits of searching records from the comfort of home. At this point in time they only have a few Indian Census Rolls available for Navajo records. Searching microfilm at LDS Family History Libraries (free) can be more time consuming, but can provide more information which is left out by on-line sites. On-line sites only include the names of individuals and leave out a wealth of information at the beginning of the census rolls; which includes special instructions and procedures by the census taker and even census maps. | ||
==== U.S. POPULATION | ==== U.S. POPULATION CENSUS ==== | ||
The United States Federal Population Census records in regards to Navajo Indians varies by area. Since about 1885 until 1930, Natives were required to be placed on Indian Census Rolls, by 1940 they were incorporated into U.S. federal population census records. In some areas Navajos were placed on U.S. federal population census records as early as 1900, and are usually limited to Natives living in or around boarder towns. As most know, U.S. federal population census records are recorded every ten years and at times can also include Indian Census Numbers and can be helpful in tracking down ancestors. <br> | The United States Federal Population Census records in regards to Navajo Indians varies by area. Since about 1885 until 1930, Natives were required to be placed on Indian Census Rolls, by 1940 they were incorporated into U.S. federal population census records. In some areas Navajos were placed on U.S. federal population census records as early as 1900, and are usually limited to Natives living in or around boarder towns. As most know, U.S. federal population census records are recorded every ten years and at times can also include Indian Census Numbers and can be helpful in tracking down ancestors. <br> | ||
One major issue when dealing with these records is that many of the Census takers were not Navajo speakers and some relied on translators for information. in | One major issue when dealing with these records is that many of the Census takers were not Navajo speakers and some relied on translators for information. in addition, Navajo at the time these censuses were taken was still in the process of becoming an official written language and so many Census takers phonetically wrote names. Many a times Census takers wrote generic names for people using Navajo terms such as; "At'eed," (girl); "Ashkii," (boy); and "Asdzaan" (woman) or Hastiin (mister or man. | ||
=== Education === | === Education === | ||
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Historically, Navajo children have attended [http://www.bia.gov/WhatWeDo/ServiceOverview/IndianEducation/ Bureau of Indian Affair schools] (boarding schools), public schools, and contract schools (mission schools). Each of these have their own sets of records, some of which have found their way into archives and historical societies. The Office of Indian Affairs (now [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Indian_Affairs Bureau of Indian Affairs]) was charged with providing educational opportunities for Navajo pupils and identifying them through school census records and other means. Some of the schools attended by Navajo pupils include, but are not limited to: <br> | Historically, Navajo children have attended [http://www.bia.gov/WhatWeDo/ServiceOverview/IndianEducation/ Bureau of Indian Affair schools] (boarding schools), public schools, and contract schools (mission schools). Each of these have their own sets of records, some of which have found their way into archives and historical societies. The Office of Indian Affairs (now [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Indian_Affairs Bureau of Indian Affairs]) was charged with providing educational opportunities for Navajo pupils and identifying them through school census records and other means. Some of the schools attended by Navajo pupils include, but are not limited to: <br> | ||
*[[ | *[[Albuquerque Indian School|Albuquerque Indian School ]](Albuquerque, NM) | ||
*[[ | *[[Carlisle Indian Industrial School (Pennsylvania)|Carlisle Indian Industrial School]] (Carlisle, PA) | ||
*[[ | *[[Charles H. Burke Indian School (New Mexico)|Charles H. Burke School ]](Fort Wingate, NM) *forerunner of Fort Wingate Vocational High School | ||
*[[ | *[[Chilocco Indian School|Chilocco Indian Agricultural School]] (Cilocco, OK) | ||
*[[ | *[[Chinle Indian Boarding School (Arizona)|Chinle Boarding School]] (Many Farms, AZ) | ||
*[[ | *[[Fort Lewis Indian School (Colorado)|Fort Lewis Indian Boarding School]] (Fort Lewis, CO) | ||
*[[ | *[[Fort Wingate Vocational High School (New Mexico)|Fort Wingate Vocational High School]] (Fort Wingate, NM) | ||
*[[ | *[[Haskell Institute|Haskell Indian Industrial Training School]] (Lawrence, KS) | ||
*[[ | *[[Holbrook Indian School (Arizona)|Holbrook Indian School]] (Holbrook, AZ) | ||
*[[ | *[[Intermountain Indian School (Utah)|Intermountain Indian School]] (Brigham City, UT) | ||
*[[ | *[[Nenannezed Indian Boarding School (New Mexico)|Nenannezed Boarding School ]](Fruitland, NM) | ||
*[[ | *[[Phoenix Indian School (Arizona)|Phoenix Indian School]] (Phoenix, AZ) | ||
*[[ | *[[Pinon Indian Boarding School (Arizona)|Pinon Boarding School]] (Pinon, AZ) | ||
*Pueblo Day School () | *Pueblo Day School () | ||
*[[ | *[[San Juan Indian School (New Mexico)|San Juan Boarding School]] (NM) | ||
*[[ | *[[Santa Fe Indian Industrial School (New Mexico)|Santa Fe Indian School]] (Santa Fe, NM) | ||
*Sherman Indian High School (Riverside, CA) | *Sherman Indian High School (Riverside, CA) | ||
*Shiprock Boarding School (Shiprock, NM) | *Shiprock Boarding School (Shiprock, NM) | ||
*[[ | *[[Southwestern Indian Polytechnic Institute (New Mexico)|Southwestern Indian Polytechnic Institute]] (Albuquerque, NM) | ||
*Tuba City Boarding School (Tuba City, AZ) | *Tuba City Boarding School (Tuba City, AZ)<br> | ||
'''See:''' ''School Census of Navajo Indians in McKinley and Valencia Counties, New Mexico'', 1957, 1961. by Martin M. Martinez. Arranged alphabetically by surname. FHL film 1,036,099 item 2.<br> | |||
See: ''School Census of Navajo Indians in McKinley and Valencia Counties, New Mexico'', 1957, 1961. by Martin M. Martinez. Arranged alphabetically by surname. FHL film 1,036,099 item 2.<br> | |||
See also: Agencies for school records<br> | See also: Agencies for school records<br> | ||
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=== Religion === | === Religion === | ||
The Navajo have a complex polythesis belief system which dictates how to treat oneself, others, and one's environment. | The Navajo have a complex polythesis belief system which dictates how to treat oneself, others, and one's environment. As the Spanish penetrated present-day New Mexico and Arizona, they introduced Spanish Christianity to the Navajos. The Navajos called Catholic priests and missionaries Bi’ee’dahninnezi (Catholic: the one with long clothes). There are some documentations from Spanish sources which include Navajo names, but usually the names are too generic to pinpoint ancestors. Mexican documentation also has this shortcoming. <br><br>By the late 1800's, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons) began moving into and settling southern Utah, Arizona and western New Mexico. The Navajos called these people, Gaamalii (Mormons: the fat ones that are coming). Mission records, missionaries and settlers wrote a number of journals and diaries that can include Navajo family names.Baptismal records and Church membership records are harder to come by and are usually limited to Church members only. But, baptismal and Church membership records in earlier times are very limited as to the fact that when Navajos were incorporated into the Church, the Church did not have plans of establishing or maintaining religious contact with the Navajos unless there was a dire need.<br><br>As the United States gained control over present-day New Mexico and Arizona, they began assigning religious groups to the different tribes. Mainly the Bi’ee’adaałts’isi (Presbyterian or Protestants) were assigned to the Navajo reservation.<br> <br> | ||
*Bi’ee’adaałts’isi (Presbyterian or Protestants) | *Bi’ee’adaałts’isi (Presbyterian or Protestants) | ||
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*Gaamalii (Mormons: the fat ones)<br><br> | *Gaamalii (Mormons: the fat ones)<br><br> | ||
<br> | |||
<br> | |||
*Eastern Navajo -- 1929-1935 | *Eastern Navajo -- 1929-1935 | ||
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*Western Navajo: (Hopi Indians and Navajo and Paiute Indians for 1929) -- 1937 | *Western Navajo: (Hopi Indians and Navajo and Paiute Indians for 1929) -- 1937 | ||
It is important to know the above names because that is the way they are listed in the Indian Census Rolls collection. | It is important to know the above names because that is the way they are listed in the Indian Census Rolls collection. <br> | ||
<br> | |||
== '''REFERENCES''' == | == '''REFERENCES''' == | ||
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=== Published === | === Published === | ||
==== CODE | ==== CODE TALKERS ==== | ||
*Bruchas, Joseph. ''Code Talker: A Novel About the Navajo Marines of World War Two''. | *Bruchas, Joseph. ''Code Talker: A Novel About the Navajo Marines of World War Two''. | ||
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==== EDUCATION ==== | ==== EDUCATION ==== | ||
*McCarty, Teresa L. | *McCarty, Teresa L. ''A Place to Be Navajo:Rough Rock and the Struggle for Self-Determination in Indigenous Schooling''. | ||
*Roessel, Robert. | *Roessel, Robert.''Navajo Education, 1948-1978:Its Progress and Its Problems''. | ||
*Roessel, Robert. | *Roessel, Robert.''Navajo Education in Action:The Rough Rock Demonstration School''. | ||
*Thompson, Hildegard. | *Thompson, Hildegard.''The Navajos Long Walk for Education a History of Navajo Education''. | ||
==== GENERAL | ==== GENERAL HISTORY ==== | ||
*Acrey, Bill. Navajo History: ''The Land and the People''. | *Acrey, Bill. Navajo History: ''The Land and the People''. | ||
| Line 210: | Line 186: | ||
*Sundberg, Lawrence. ''Dinetah: An Early History of the Navajo People''. | *Sundberg, Lawrence. ''Dinetah: An Early History of the Navajo People''. | ||
*Underhill, Ruth. ''The Navajos''. | *Underhill, Ruth. ''The Navajos''. | ||
*Wilkins, David E. | *Wilkins, David E.''The Navajo Political Experience'' | ||
==== LAND DISPUTE ==== | ==== LAND DISPUTE ==== | ||
| Line 217: | Line 193: | ||
*Benedek, Emily. ''The Wind Won't Know Me: A History of the Navajo-Hopi Dispute''. | *Benedek, Emily. ''The Wind Won't Know Me: A History of the Navajo-Hopi Dispute''. | ||
==== LONG | ==== LONG WALK ==== | ||
*Bailey, Lynn Robison. ''Long Walk: A History of the Navajo Wars, 1864-1868''. | *Bailey, Lynn Robison. ''Long Walk: A History of the Navajo Wars, 1864-1868''. | ||
| Line 228: | Line 204: | ||
*Frisbie, Charlotte and David P. McAllester. ''Navajo Blessingway Singer: The Autobiography of Frank Mitchell, 1881-1967''. | *Frisbie, Charlotte and David P. McAllester. ''Navajo Blessingway Singer: The Autobiography of Frank Mitchell, 1881-1967''. | ||
*Leake, Harvey and Louisa Wade Wetherill. ''Wolfkiller: Wisdom From a Nineteenth-Century Navajo Shepherd.'' | *Leake, Harvey and Louisa Wade Wetherill. ''Wolfkiller: Wisdom From a Nineteenth-Century Navajo Shepherd.'' | ||
*Lee, George P. | *Lee, George P.''Silent Courage: An Indian Story: The Autobiography of George P. Lee, a Navajo''. | ||
*McPherson, Robert S. | *McPherson, Robert S.''A Navajo Legacy: The Life and Teachings of John Holiday''. | ||
*McPherson, Robert S. | *McPherson, Robert S.''Journey of Navajo Oshley:An Autobiography and Life History''. | ||
*McPherson, Robert S. | *McPherson, Robert S.''Navajo Tradition, Mormon Life:The Autobiography and Teaching of Jim Dandy''. | ||
*McPherson, Robert S. and Samuel Holiday. | *McPherson, Robert S. and Samuel Holiday.''Under the Eagle:Samuel Holiday, Navajo Code Talker''. | ||
*Turner, Ann. ''The Girl Who Chased Away Sorrow: The Dairy of Sarah Nita, a Navajo Girl, New Mexico, 1864''. | *Turner, Ann. ''The Girl Who Chased Away Sorrow: The Dairy of Sarah Nita, a Navajo Girl, New Mexico, 1864''. | ||
==== RELIGION ==== | ==== RELIGION ==== | ||
*Bahr, Howard M. | *Bahr, Howard M.''The Navajo as Seen by the Franciscans, 1898-1921''. | ||
*Bahr, Howard M. | *Bahr, Howard M.''The Navajo as Seen by the Franciscans, 1920-1950''. | ||
*Brugge, David. ''Navajos in the Catholic Church Records of New Mexico, 1694-1875''. | *Brugge, David. ''Navajos in the Catholic Church Records of New Mexico, 1694-1875''. | ||
*Centennial Book Committee, eds. | *Centennial Book Committee, eds.''Rehoboth Christian School, 1903-2003: Celebrating 100 Years of God's Faith''. | ||
*De. Korne, John C. | *De. Korne, John C.''Navaho and Zuni for Christ:Fifty Years of Indian Missions''. | ||
*Reichard, Gladys A. | *Reichard, Gladys A.''Navaho Religion''. | ||
==== TRADERS ==== | ==== TRADERS ==== | ||
*Adams, William Y. | *Adams, William Y.''Shonto:A;Study of the Role of the Trader in a Modern Navaho Community''. | ||
*Blue, Martha. | *Blue, Martha.''Indian Trader: The Life and Times of J.L. Hubbell.'' | ||
*Berkowitz, Paul and Kevin Gilmartin. | *Berkowitz, Paul and Kevin Gilmartin.''The Case of the Indian Trader: Billy Malone and the National Park Service Investigation at Hubbel Trading Post.'' | ||
*[http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1047&context=usupress_pubs Evans, Will. ]''[http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1047&context=usupress_pubs Along Navajo Trails: Recollections of a Trader, 1898-1948].'' | *[http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1047&context=usupress_pubs Evans, Will. ]''[http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1047&context=usupress_pubs Along Navajo Trails: Recollections of a Trader, 1898-1948].'' | ||
*Gillmor, Frances and Louisa Wade Wetherill. | *Gillmor, Frances and Louisa Wade Wetherill.''Traders to the Navajos:The Story of the Wetherills.'' | ||
*Graves, Laura. | *Graves, Laura.''Thomas Varker Keam, Indian Trader.'' | ||
*Kennedy, John D. | *Kennedy, John D.''A Good Trade: Three Generations of Life and Trading Around the Indian Capital Gallup, New Mexico''. | ||
*Kennedy, Mary Jeannette.'' | *Kennedy, Mary Jeannette.''Tales of a Trader's Wife: Life on the Navajo Indian Reservation, 1913-1938.'' | ||
*James, H.L. | *James, H.L.''Rugs and Posts:The Story of Navajo Weaving and the Role of the Indian Trader''. | ||
*Moon, Samuel. | *Moon, Samuel.''Tall Sheep:Harry Goulding, Monument Valley Trader.'' | ||
*Richardson, Gladwell. | *Richardson, Gladwell. ''Navajo Trader.'' | ||
*Steckel, Carl F. | *Steckel, Carl F.''Early Day Trader with the Navajos''. | ||
*Trafzer, Clifford. | *Trafzer, Clifford.''Navajos and Anglo Indian Traders''. | ||
*Wagner, Sallie and Mary Tate Engels. ''Tales from Wide Ruins: Jean and Bill Cousins, Traders.'' | *Wagner, Sallie and Mary Tate Engels. ''Tales from Wide Ruins: Jean and Bill Cousins, Traders.'' | ||
*Wagner, Sallie and Edward T. Hall. | *Wagner, Sallie and Edward T. Hall. ''Wide Ruins: Memories from a Navajo Trading Post.'' | ||
=== Unpublished === | === Unpublished === | ||
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*[http://www.archives.gov/research/genealogy/start-research/ U.S. National Archives and Records Administration] | *[http://www.archives.gov/research/genealogy/start-research/ U.S. National Archives and Records Administration] | ||
==== INFORMATION | ==== INFORMATION ==== | ||
*[http://www.gomyson.com/Clans.php List of Navajo Clans], and Show My Clan tool and Are We Related? tool.<br> | *[http://www.gomyson.com/Clans.php List of Navajo Clans], and Show My Clan tool and Are We Related? tool.<br> | ||
*[http://www.navajocentral.org/faq02a.htm Questions and Answers] about Navajo history, names, culture, bands, etc., | *[http://www.navajocentral.org/faq02a.htm Questions and Answers] about Navajo history, names, culture, bands, etc., | ||
*[http://ggsc.wnmu.edu/netc/traditions/24.html Navajo Clan and Extended Family Relationships]: Cultural Differences site<br> | *[http://ggsc.wnmu.edu/netc/traditions/24.html Navajo Clan and Extended Family Relationships]: Cultural Differences site<br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
[[Category:Arizona_Indian_Tribes]] [[Category:Utah_Indian_Tribes]] [[Category:Colorado_Indian_Tribes]] [[Category:New_Mexico_Indian_Tribes]] | [[Category:Arizona_Indian_Tribes]] [[Category:Utah_Indian_Tribes]] [[Category:Colorado_Indian_Tribes]] [[Category:New_Mexico_Indian_Tribes]] | ||