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{{AIDC}} <br> | {{AIDC}} <br> | ||
[[Image:The Creek Indians Benjamin Hawkins.jpg|thumb|right|328px]] | [[Image:The Creek Indians Benjamin Hawkins.jpg|thumb|right|328px|The Creek Indians Benjamin Hawkins.jpg]] | ||
Creek Indians were also known as Muskogee. | Creek Indians were also known as Muskogee. | ||
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'''Federal Status: '''Recognized | '''Federal Status: '''Recognized | ||
'''Clans: '''Wind, Bird, Alligator, Bear | '''Clans: '''Wind, Bird, Alligator, and Bear | ||
'''Original homeland:''' along the banks of the Alabama, Coosa, Tallapoosa, Flint, Ocmulgee, and Chattahoochee Rivers, In the [[Indians of Georgia|Georgia]], [[Indians of Alabama|Alabama]], [[Indians of Florida|Florida]], [[Indians of Mississippi|Mississippi]], [[Indians of Louisiana|Louisiana]], and [[Indians of Tennessee|Tennessee]] | '''Original homeland:''' along the banks of the Alabama, Coosa, Tallapoosa, Flint, Ocmulgee, and Chattahoochee Rivers, In the [[Indians of Georgia|Georgia]], [[Indians of Alabama|Alabama]], [[Indians of Florida|Florida]], [[Indians of Mississippi|Mississippi]], [[Indians of Louisiana|Louisiana]], and [[Indians of Tennessee|Tennessee]] | ||
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Creek Indians trace their ancestry through the female line. The children belong to the same clan as their mother. Clan members were closely related so they had to marry someone from a different clan than his or her own. | Creek Indians trace their ancestry through the female line. The children belong to the same clan as their mother. Clan members were closely related so they had to marry someone from a different clan than his or her own. | ||
The Creek Nation is comprised of '''six political districts''': 1. Coweta, 2. Deep Fork, 3. Eufaula, 4. Muscogee, 5. Okmulgee, 6. Wewoka; these districts | The Creek Nation is comprised of '''six political districts''': 1. Coweta, 2. Deep Fork, 3. Eufaula, 4. Muscogee, 5. Okmulgee, 6. Wewoka; these districts function like counties. | ||
=== Tribal Headquarters === | === Tribal Headquarters === | ||
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=== Brief Timeline === | === Brief Timeline === | ||
*'''1540:''' First contact Spanish explorer Hernando De Soto | *'''1540:''' First contact Spanish explorer [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hernando_de_Soto Hernando De Soto] | ||
*'''1703-08:''' Creeks were allies of the English in the Apalachee Wars. | *'''1703-08:''' Creeks were allies of the English in the Apalachee Wars. | ||
*'''1775:''' supported the British in the American [[ | *'''1775:''' supported the British in the American [[Research U.S. Revolutionary War Ancestor|Revolutionary War]] | ||
*'''November 25, 1785:''' Treaty at Hopewell, [[Indians of South Carolina|South Carolina]] | *'''November 25, 1785:''' Treaty at Hopewell, [[Indians of South Carolina|South Carolina]] | ||
*'''1813-1814:''' Creek Wars, General Andrew Jackson, in command of some of the forces | *'''1813-1814:''' Creek Wars, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Jackson General Andrew Jackson], in command of some of the forces | ||
*'''1796-1816:''' Benjamin Hawkins, was the federal agent to the Creeks | *'''1796-1816:''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Hawkins Benjamin Hawkins], was the federal agent to the Creeks | ||
*'''June 29, 1796:''' Coleraine, Georgia | *'''June 29, 1796:''' Coleraine, Georgia | ||
*'''1816:''' after the death of Benjamin Hawkins, President James Madison appointed David B. Mitchell, a former governor of Georgia. He undermined the Creeks' sovereignty and initiated acts to take all of their lands in Georgia. | *'''1816:''' after the death of Benjamin Hawkins, President James Madison appointed [http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/david-b-mitchell-1766-1837 David B. Mitchell], a former governor of Georgia. He undermined the Creeks' sovereignty and initiated acts to take all of their lands in Georgia. | ||
*'''August 9, 1814:''' Fort Jackson, Alabama | *'''August 9, 1814:''' Fort Jackson, Alabama | ||
*'''January 22, 1818:''' [[Creek Indian Agency (Georgia)|Creek agency]] on Flint river | *'''January 22, 1818:''' [[Creek Indian Agency (Georgia)|Creek agency]] on Flint river | ||
*'''January 8, 1821 / February 12, 1825:''' Treaty of Indian Springs negotiated by Creek leader William McIntosh. He was later (1825) executed by the Creek Nation for the deed. | *'''January 8, 1821 / February 12, 1825:''' Treaty of Indian Springs negotiated by Creek leader [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_McIntosh William McIntosh]. He was later (1825) executed by the Creek Nation for the deed. | ||
*'''January 24, 1826''': Washington D.C.; Creeks would sell their land. Ratified April 22, 1826 | *'''January 24, 1826''': Washington D.C.; Creeks would sell their land. Ratified April 22, 1826 | ||
*'''March 24, 1832:''' Treaty that the United States would remove intruders. | *'''March 24, 1832:''' Treaty that the United States would remove intruders. | ||
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*'''November 23, 1838: '''Ft. Gibson | *'''November 23, 1838: '''Ft. Gibson | ||
*Creek Nation formed into '''six districts''': Coweta District, Deep Fork District, Eufaula District, Muskogee District, Okmulgee District, and Wewoka District. | *Creek Nation formed into '''six districts''': Coweta District, Deep Fork District, Eufaula District, Muskogee District, Okmulgee District, and Wewoka District. | ||
*'''1861-1865:''' [[ | *'''1861-1865:''' [[American Indians in the Civil War|United States Civil War]] the tribe was split; some allying with the Union others with the Confederate Army | ||
*'''1867:''' Tribe adopted a new constitution | *'''1867:''' Tribe adopted a new constitution | ||
*'''1887:''' [[Dawes Commission Enrollment Records for Five U.S. Indian Tribes|Dawes Act]] | *'''1887:''' [[Dawes Commission Enrollment Records for Five U.S. Indian Tribes|Dawes Act]] | ||
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*1828: 400 | *1828: 400 | ||
*June 1829: 1,200 steam boat Virginia ran aground on the Arkansas River | *June 1829: 1,200 steam boat Virginia ran aground on the Arkansas River | ||
*Dec 1834 six hundred thirty- under Captain John Page, four hundred sixty nine arrived 28 Mar 1835, two men in the group: Sampson Grayon with 34 Slaves and Widow Stidham with 23 Slaves. | *Dec 1834 six hundred thirty- under [http://ualr.edu/sequoyah/index.php/captain-john-page/ Captain John Page], four hundred sixty nine arrived 28 Mar 1835, two men in the group: Sampson Grayon with 34 Slaves and Widow Stidham with 23 Slaves. | ||
*10 July 1836: nine hundred of the Encah Emathla Band - shipped in chains | *10 July 1836: nine hundred of the Encah Emathla Band - shipped in chains | ||
*1 Aug 1836 left Alabama, 2,700 leader | *1 Aug 1836 left Alabama, 2,700 leader [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opothleyahola Opthleyahola] | ||
*5 September 1836 1,984 Lt. J.T. Sprague (known as 5th group of Friendly Creek) | *5 September 1836 1,984 [http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~texlance/emigrants/ Lt. J.T. Sprague] (known as 5th group of Friendly Creek) | ||
*1836: 2,700 arrived at Ft Gibson - (1st group Friendly Creek) | *1836: 2,700 arrived at Ft Gibson - (1st group Friendly Creek) | ||
*18 & 22 Dec 1836; (2nd group Friendly Creek) | *18 & 22 Dec 1836; (2nd group Friendly Creek) | ||
*March 1837: 4,000 Lt. Edward Deas, arrived 2 Jun 1837 at Little | *March 1837: 4,000 [http://ualr.edu/sequoyah/index.php/lt-edward-deas-to-ca-harris-june-13-1838/ Lt. Edward Deas], arrived 2 Jun 1837 at Little Rock, Arkansas. with 500. 3,500 still at Mobile Point | ||
*29 Oct 1837 1,600 Lt. T.P. Sloan three steamboats: ''Monmoth'' 611- 311 drowned when it struck the steamboat ''Trenton'' | *29 Oct 1837 1,600 Lt. T.P. Sloan three steamboats: ''Monmoth'' 611- 311 drowned when it struck the steamboat ''Trenton'' | ||
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=== Bibliography === | === Bibliography === | ||
*Anne E. Gometz, [http://www.rhus.com/Creeks.html A Creek Indian Bibliography] in ''Anne Gometz's Requisite Homepage'' (accessed 14 January 2014). | *Anne E. Gometz, [http://www.rhus.com/Creeks.html A Creek Indian Bibliography] in ''Anne Gometz's Requisite Homepage'' (accessed 14 January 2014). | ||
*[http://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/075.html Guide to Federal Records in the National Archives; Record Group 75], Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. | *[http://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/075.html Guide to Federal Records in the National Archives; Record Group 75], Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. | ||
*Hodge, Frederick Webb. ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico''. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1906 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/handbook-of-american-indians-north-of-mexico.htm Available online]. | *Hodge, Frederick Webb. ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico''. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1906 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/handbook-of-american-indians-north-of-mexico.htm Available online]. | ||