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Navajo Nation: Difference between revisions
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Pre-Spanish contact Navajo history varies somewhat, but it is during these early years that the Navajo clan system becomes expanded. When a baby is born, they belong to the mother's clan and is passed their children.It is custom to introduce one's maternal and paternal clans on both sides when introducing yourself for the first time. | Pre-Spanish contact Navajo history varies somewhat, but it is during these early years that the Navajo clan system becomes expanded. When a baby is born, they belong to the mother's clan and is passed their children.It is custom to introduce one's maternal and paternal clans on both sides when introducing yourself for the first time. | ||
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See the information on [[Navajo Nation, Arizona (Tribe)]] | See the information on [[Navajo Nation, Arizona (Tribe)]] | ||
=== Agencies === | |||
*[[Chinle Indian Agency (Arizona)|Chinle Agency]] | *[[Chinle Indian Agency (Arizona)|Chinle Agency]] | ||
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*[[Shiprock Indian Agency (New Mexico)|Shiprock Agency]] | *[[Shiprock Indian Agency (New Mexico)|Shiprock Agency]] | ||
=== Reservations === | |||
[[Navajo Nation, Arizona (Reservation)]] | [[Navajo Nation, Arizona (Reservation)]] | ||
=== Superintendencies === | |||
*[[Arizona Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Arizona Superintendency]] | *[[Arizona Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Arizona Superintendency]] | ||
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See [[Navajo Nation, Arizona (Reservation)]] | See [[Navajo Nation, Arizona (Reservation)]] | ||
=== Pueblos === | === Pueblos === | ||
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[[Acoma Pueblo (New Mexico)|Acoma Pueblo]], [https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Pueblo_of_Cochiti,_New_Mexico Cochiti Pueblo], [https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Pueblo_of_Isleta,_New_Mexico Isleta Pueblo], [https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Pueblo_of_Jemez,_New_Mexico Jemez Laguna Pueblo], [https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Pueblo_of_Nambe,_New_Mexico Nambe Pueblo], [https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Pueblo_of_Picuris,_New_Mexico Picuris Pueblo], Pojosque Pueblo, [https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Pueblo_of_Sandia,_New_Mexico Sandia Pueblo], [https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Pueblo_of_San_Felipe,_New_Mexico San Felipe Pueblo], San Iidefonso Pueblo, [https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Pueblo_of_San_Juan,_New_Mexico San Juan Pueblo], [https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Pueblo_of_Santa_Ana,_New_Mexico Santa Ana Pueblo], [https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Pueblo_of_Santa_Clara,_New_Mexico Santa Clara Pueblo], [https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Santo_Domingo_Pueblo_%28New_Mexico%29 Santo Domingo Pueblo], [https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Pueblo_of_Taos,_New_Mexico Taos Pueblo], [https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Pueblo_of_Tesuque,_New_Mexico Tesuque Pueblo], [https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Pueblo_of_Zia,_New_Mexico Zina Pueblo], and [https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Pueblo_of_Zuni Zuni Pueblo] | [[Acoma Pueblo (New Mexico)|Acoma Pueblo]], [https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Pueblo_of_Cochiti,_New_Mexico Cochiti Pueblo], [https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Pueblo_of_Isleta,_New_Mexico Isleta Pueblo], [https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Pueblo_of_Jemez,_New_Mexico Jemez Laguna Pueblo], [https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Pueblo_of_Nambe,_New_Mexico Nambe Pueblo], [https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Pueblo_of_Picuris,_New_Mexico Picuris Pueblo], Pojosque Pueblo, [https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Pueblo_of_Sandia,_New_Mexico Sandia Pueblo], [https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Pueblo_of_San_Felipe,_New_Mexico San Felipe Pueblo], San Iidefonso Pueblo, [https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Pueblo_of_San_Juan,_New_Mexico San Juan Pueblo], [https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Pueblo_of_Santa_Ana,_New_Mexico Santa Ana Pueblo], [https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Pueblo_of_Santa_Clara,_New_Mexico Santa Clara Pueblo], [https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Santo_Domingo_Pueblo_%28New_Mexico%29 Santo Domingo Pueblo], [https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Pueblo_of_Taos,_New_Mexico Taos Pueblo], [https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Pueblo_of_Tesuque,_New_Mexico Tesuque Pueblo], [https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Pueblo_of_Zia,_New_Mexico Zina Pueblo], and [https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Pueblo_of_Zuni Zuni Pueblo] | ||
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=== RECORDS === | === RECORDS === | ||
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The BIA also has listed a publication by the Office of Public Affairs-Indian Affairs called, [http://www.bia.gov/cs/groups/public/documents/text/idc-002619.pdf "A Guide to Tracing American Indian & Alaska Native Ancestry"] which can help guide your research. | The BIA also has listed a publication by the Office of Public Affairs-Indian Affairs called, [http://www.bia.gov/cs/groups/public/documents/text/idc-002619.pdf "A Guide to Tracing American Indian & Alaska Native Ancestry"] which can help guide your research. | ||
=== Census Records=== | === Census Records === | ||
There are two types of census records available for people searching American Indian records. The first is the U.S. decennial census records and Indian Census Rolls, both have identical information and some differences. Indian Census records were usually taken each year by agents or superintendents in charge of Indian reservations, then sent to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, as required by an act of July 4, 1884. By 1940 many areas covered under the Indian Census Rolls were soon incorporated into U.S. population census records. | There are two types of census records available for people searching American Indian records. The first is the U.S. decennial census records and Indian Census Rolls, both have identical information and some differences. Indian Census records were usually taken each year by agents or superintendents in charge of Indian reservations, then sent to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, as required by an act of July 4, 1884. By 1940 many areas covered under the Indian Census Rolls were soon incorporated into U.S. population census records. | ||
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One major issue when dealing with these records is that many of the Census takers were not Navajo speakers and some relied on translators for information. Navajo at the time these censuses were taken was still in the process of becoming an official written language and so many Census takers phonetically wrote names. Many a times Census takers also wrote generic names for people using Navajo terms such as; "At'eed," (girl); "Ashkii," (boy); and "Asdzaan" (woman). | One major issue when dealing with these records is that many of the Census takers were not Navajo speakers and some relied on translators for information. Navajo at the time these censuses were taken was still in the process of becoming an official written language and so many Census takers phonetically wrote names. Many a times Census takers also wrote generic names for people using Navajo terms such as; "At'eed," (girl); "Ashkii," (boy); and "Asdzaan" (woman). | ||
=== Education=== | === Education === | ||
Historically, Navajo children have attended Bureau of Indian Affair schools (boarding schools), public schools, and contract schools (mission schools). Each of these have their own sets of records, some of which have found their way into archives and historical societies. The Office of Indian Affairs (now [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Indian_Affairs Bureau of Indian Affairs]) was charged with providing educational opportunities for Navajo pupils and identifying them through school census records and other means. Some of the schools attended by Navajo pupils include: <br> | Historically, Navajo children have attended Bureau of Indian Affair schools (boarding schools), public schools, and contract schools (mission schools). Each of these have their own sets of records, some of which have found their way into archives and historical societies. The Office of Indian Affairs (now [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Indian_Affairs Bureau of Indian Affairs]) was charged with providing educational opportunities for Navajo pupils and identifying them through school census records and other means. Some of the schools attended by Navajo pupils include: <br> | ||
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See also: Agencies for school records<br> | See also: Agencies for school records<br> | ||
=== Religion=== | === Religion === | ||
*Eastern Navajo -- 1929-1935 | *Eastern Navajo -- 1929-1935 | ||
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Tribal enrollment for the Navajo Nation is handled through: <br> Navajo Office of Vital Records P.O. Box 9000 Window Rock, AZ 86515 Telephone: 928-871-6386 or 928-729-4020 <br> Everyone enrolled as a member of the Navajo Nation since 1925 has been assigned a tribal census number. Those records are also maintained by this office. | Tribal enrollment for the Navajo Nation is handled through: <br> Navajo Office of Vital Records P.O. Box 9000 Window Rock, AZ 86515 Telephone: 928-871-6386 or 928-729-4020 <br> Everyone enrolled as a member of the Navajo Nation since 1925 has been assigned a tribal census number. Those records are also maintained by this office. | ||
=== Treaties === | === Treaties === | ||
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=== PUBLISHED === | === PUBLISHED === | ||
=== Code Talkers === | |||
*Bruchas, Joseph. ''Code Talker: A Novel About the Navajo Marines of World War Two''. | *Bruchas, Joseph. ''Code Talker: A Novel About the Navajo Marines of World War Two''. | ||
*Paul, Doris. ''The Navajo Code Talkers''. | *Paul, Doris. ''The Navajo Code Talkers''. | ||
=== General History === | |||
*Acrey, Bill. Navajo History: ''The Land and the People''. | *Acrey, Bill. Navajo History: ''The Land and the People''. | ||
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*Underhill, Ruth. ''The Navajos''. | *Underhill, Ruth. ''The Navajos''. | ||
=== Indian Agents === | |||
=== Land Dispute === | |||
*Benally, Malcolm. ''Bitter Water: Dine' Oral Histories of the Navajo-Hopi Land Dispute Peoples''. | *Benally, Malcolm. ''Bitter Water: Dine' Oral Histories of the Navajo-Hopi Land Dispute Peoples''. | ||
*Benedek, Emily. ''The Wind Won't Know Me: A History of the Navajo-Hopi Dispute''. | *Benedek, Emily. ''The Wind Won't Know Me: A History of the Navajo-Hopi Dispute''. | ||
=== Long Walk === | |||
*Bailey, Lynn Robison. ''Long Walk: A History of the Navajo Wars, 1864-1868''. | *Bailey, Lynn Robison. ''Long Walk: A History of the Navajo Wars, 1864-1868''. | ||
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*Denetdale, Jennifer. ''The Long Walk: The Forced Navajo Exile''. | *Denetdale, Jennifer. ''The Long Walk: The Forced Navajo Exile''. | ||
=== Navajos === | |||
*Denetdale, Jennifer Nez. ''Reclaiming Dine' History: The Legacies of Navajo Chief Manuelito and Juanita''. | *Denetdale, Jennifer Nez. ''Reclaiming Dine' History: The Legacies of Navajo Chief Manuelito and Juanita''. | ||
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*Turner, Ann. ''The Girl Who Chased Away Sorrow: The Dairy of Sarah Nita, a Navajo Girl, New Mexico, 1864''. | *Turner, Ann. ''The Girl Who Chased Away Sorrow: The Dairy of Sarah Nita, a Navajo Girl, New Mexico, 1864''. | ||
=== Religion === | |||
*Brugge, David. ''Navajos in the Catholic Church Records of New Mexico, 1694-1875''. | *Brugge, David. ''Navajos in the Catholic Church Records of New Mexico, 1694-1875''. | ||
=== Traders === | |||
*Blue, Martha. ''Indian Trader: The Life and Times of J.L. Hubbell.'' | *Blue, Martha. ''Indian Trader: The Life and Times of J.L. Hubbell.'' | ||