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Understanding given names and surnames can help you trace your ancestors. This is particularly true once the origin of the name has been established. | Understanding given names and surnames can help you trace your ancestors. This is particularly true once the origin of the name has been established. | ||
== Surnames == | |||
The nobility and wealthy land owners first began using surnames. Merchants and townspeople adopted the custom, as eventually did the rural population. This process took several centuries. Surnames developed from several sources and include the following types: | The nobility and wealthy land owners first began using surnames. Merchants and townspeople adopted the custom, as eventually did the rural population. This process took several centuries. Surnames developed from several sources and include the following types: | ||
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After the Battle of Culloden in 1746 and the subsequent restrictive acts against the Highland clans, many people changed their surnames from clan names to less Gaelic names to avoid being punished by the British government for being associated with clans in disfavor with the crown. Sometimes several generations used a different surname before changing it back to the original clan name. | After the Battle of Culloden in 1746 and the subsequent restrictive acts against the Highland clans, many people changed their surnames from clan names to less Gaelic names to avoid being punished by the British government for being associated with clans in disfavor with the crown. Sometimes several generations used a different surname before changing it back to the original clan name. | ||
== Patronymics == | |||
Patronymics is the custom of deriving a surname from the name of a father or male ancestor. In the Orkney Islands, Shetland Islands, and many parts of northern Scotland, many people use patronymic names. | Patronymics is the custom of deriving a surname from the name of a father or male ancestor. In the Orkney Islands, Shetland Islands, and many parts of northern Scotland, many people use patronymic names. | ||
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The use of patronymics in Scotland was in part a result of early Scandinavian settlement into Scotland, which influenced naming patterns for centuries. While the common use of patronymics eventually died out, their influence is still apparent. | The use of patronymics in Scotland was in part a result of early Scandinavian settlement into Scotland, which influenced naming patterns for centuries. While the common use of patronymics eventually died out, their influence is still apparent. | ||
== Given Names == | |||
The Scottish, for the most part, had a naming pattern which can be seen in many families. The pattern generally went as follows: | The Scottish, for the most part, had a naming pattern which can be seen in many families. The pattern generally went as follows: | ||
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Many names in pre-1700 records are in Latin. Volume three of the following work contains a select list of Latin given names with the English equivalent: | Many names in pre-1700 records are in Latin. Volume three of the following work contains a select list of Latin given names with the English equivalent: | ||
Gardner, David E., and Frank Smith. ''Genealogical Research in England and Wales''. Salt Lake City, Utah: Bookcraft Publishers, 1956-1964. (FHL book 929.142 G172g .) | Gardner, David E., and Frank Smith. ''Genealogical Research in England and Wales''. Salt Lake City, Utah: Bookcraft Publishers, 1956-1964. (FHL book 929.142 G172g .)<br> | ||
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[[Category:Scotland]] | [[Category:Scotland]] | ||