Navajo Nation: Difference between revisions

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 See [[Navajo Nation, Arizona (Reservation)]]
-<h4> Additional References to the History of the Tribe  </h4>
-<p>Frederick Webb Hodge, in his <a href="http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/navajo/navahoindianhist.htm">Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico</a>, gave a more complete history of the Navajo tribe, with estimations of the population of the tribe at various time periods.<br>
-</p><p>See <a _fcknotitle="true" href="Navajo Nation, Arizona (Tribe)">Navajo Nation, Arizona (Tribe)</a>
-</p>
-== RECORDS&nbsp;  ==
-There are two types of census records available for people search American Indian records.&nbsp; The first is U.S. population census records and Indian Census Rolls, both have identical information and some differences.&nbsp; Indian Census records were usually each year by agents or superintendents in charge of Indian reservations, to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, as required by an act of July 4, 1884.&nbsp; By 1940 many areas covered under the Indian Census Rolls were soon incorporated into U.S. population census records.&nbsp;
+= RECORDS&nbsp;  =
-== Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940&nbsp; ==
+There are two types of census records available for people searching American Indian records.&nbsp; The first is the U.S. decennial census records and Indian Census Rolls, both have identical information and some differences.&nbsp; Indian Census records were usually taken each year by agents or superintendents in charge of Indian reservations, then sent to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, as required by an act of July 4, 1884.&nbsp; By 1940 many areas covered under the Indian Census Rolls were soon incorporated into U.S. population census records.&nbsp;
-== Records  ==
+As the result of a number of issues surrounding land, the federal government and especially with the[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Reorganization_Act Indian Reorganization Act of 1934] (a.k.a Wheeler-Howard Act) which encouraged Natives to determing their membership and enrollement.&nbsp; The question set before Natives was, "Who is an Indian?"&nbsp; To help move the issue along, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_quantum_laws#Tribes_requiring_1.2F4_degree_blood_quantum_for_membership Blood Quantum] was introduced as a requirement for tribal membership, allowing tribes to select the degree of ancestry for an individual to be considered part of a specific tribe.&nbsp; As for the Navajos, 1/4 degree of blood for membership was selected.
+For those that were enrolled into a federally recognized tribe were assigned an Indian Census Number unique to each individual.&nbsp; Knowing your relatives' Indian Census Number can be quite helpful when searching the Indian Census Rolls and can help eliminate confussion, but not all Indian Census Roll takers included censuses.
+== Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940&nbsp;  ==
+The [http://www.archives.gov/research/census/native-americans/1885-1940.html National Archives Microfilm Publication M595] has copies of the the Indian Census Rolls, containing about 692 rolls dealing with a large number of tribes in the United States.&nbsp; It is during this time that Indian Census Roll takers were given instructions to include an individual's Indian and English name.&nbsp; By 1902 instruction was given that families should be given the same surname and that that should translate Indian names into English if they were too difficult to pronounce or remember.&nbsp; If names were too "foolish, cumbersome or uncouth translations which would handicap a self-respecting person should not be tolerated," or derogatory nicknames were dropped and changed.<br><br>When searching Indian Census Rolls, be mindful that they are divided into one of four main agencies (Eastern, Southern, Western, Northern, and some smaller ones), others can be found in other tribal rolls (Hopi, Ute, Paiute, and etc).<br><br>Online verses Microfilm.&nbsp; Online Indian Census Rolls can be found at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1059 Ancestry.com] (a pay site), this has all the benefits of searching records from the comfort of home.&nbsp; At this point in time they only have a few Indian Census Rolls available for Navajo records.&nbsp; Searching microfilm at LDS&nbsp;FHL&nbsp;centers (free) can be more time consuming, but can provide more information which is left out by online sites.&nbsp; Online sites only include the names of individuals and leave out a wealth of information at the beginning of the census rolls; which includes special instructions and procedures by the census taker and even census maps.
+== U.S. Population Census ==
-=== U.S. Census  ===
-The earliest census taken under the auspices of the Office of Indian Affairs was enumerated in 1885. Many of the census records thus recorded have been microfilmed and are available at the [http://www.archives.gov/ National Archives], all of the [http://www.archives.gov/locations/regional-archives.html#CA Regional Archives of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA)], and at the {{FHL|297519|title-id|disp=Family History Library}} in Salt Lake City. This set of Indian Census Rolls also are available online at [http://content.ancestry.com/iexec/?htx=List&dbid=1059&offerid=0%3a7858%3a0 Ancestry.com], which is a subscription web site. In order to locate the correct roll, one must know the residence of the family being sought. The following census rolls were recorded for the indicated agencies within the Navajo Nation. The names are as recorded in the microfilm copy created by the National Archives on their Microcopy M595 (692 rolls).
 *Eastern Navajo -- 1929-1935