Maryland Emigration and Immigration: Difference between revisions

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-=== The People  ===
+=== Content  ===
-'''British Isles'''
+&nbsp;Pre-1820
-White settlers in colonial Maryland were primarily from the British Isles. In 1660 many English immigrants began settling the Eastern Shore (east of Chesapeake Bay) in what is now Wicomico County. Nearly all British immigrants to colonial Maryland came either as servants or convicts. Maryland received more indentured servants than any other colony.
+Most ship records before&nbsp;1820 had little information about the passengers.&nbsp; Generally the list of passengers would include names only.&nbsp; Records were kept by ship's capitans.&nbsp; The capitans did not need to give their records to anyone, so they kept the records, destroyed them&nbsp;or did not keep any records.&nbsp; Most of the records that survive have been published.&nbsp; Use the ''Passenger and Immigration Lists Index'' to find these records (see below).
-The earlier colonists settled along Maryland's rivers and bays, as these were the primary routes of transportation. By about 1740, English, Scottish, and Scotch-Irish immigrants began moving into the Appalachian section of western Maryland.
+&nbsp;
-'''German'''
+=== Good sources for finding early immigrants are:  ===
-The largest group of non-British persons in the colonial period were Rhineland Germans who were encouraged by Maryland officials to settle in the rich farm lands of western Maryland in the 1730s and 1740s. Many of these Germans came through Philadelphia. A few Dutch, Swedish, Huguenot, and Acadian refugee families also came to the colony.
+<br>
-'''Slaves'''
-Slave labor was introduced in the early decades of the seventeenth century when slaves from Barbados were imported to labor in the tobacco fields of southern Maryland. Vast numbers of Blacks were later shipped directly from Africa to the Chesapeake. Some of these Blacks obtained their freedom. By 1800, Maryland had the largest free Black population in the United States.
-'''Migrations from Maryland'''
-Migrations from Maryland began in the early years of the colony. Travelers generally followed the Cumberland Trail (Braddock Road) that led west to Pittsburgh and from there to the Ohio River. Many people also used the Great Trading Path, also called the Great Philadelphia Wagon Road, that led southwest along the Allegheny Ridge into the Shenandoah Valley and beyond. Some Marylanders from Prince George's County went to the Carolinas. A group of Catholics from St. Mary's County settled in Nelson County, Kentucky. By the 1820s some wealthy young Marylanders were moving slaves from their home farms to open plantations in Mississippi and surrounding areas.
-Southerners fleeing the devastation of the Civil War and new immigrants from overseas helped to offset population losses. During the heavy period of immigration from 1830 through 1860, approximately half the immigrants were Germans, and a third were Irish. These immigrants tended to remain in the cities, especially Baltimore City, Maryland.
-'''1870s and 1880s'''
-In the 1870s and 1880s virtually all immigrants were of German origin. In the post-1880 wave of immigration, large numbers of Germans continued to come to Maryland. They were joined by Poles, Bohemians, Lithuanians, Greeks, Jews (from Germany, Poland, and Russia), Czechs, Italians, and Irish.
-'''Finding Histories of Ethnich Groups'''
-Histories of ethnic groups are listed in the Locality Search of the Family History Library Catalog under MARYLAND - MINORITIES. An example is:
-:• Cunz, Dieter. ''The Maryland Germans: A History''. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1948. (Family History Library book [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titlefilmnotes&columns=*%2C0%2C0&titleno=187114&disp=The+Maryland+Germans++ 975.2 F2c]; fiche [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titlefilmnotes&columns=*%2C0%2C0&titleno=187114&disp=The+Maryland+Germans++ 6048035].)
-=== '''Early&nbsp;Immigrants'''  ===
-Good sources for finding early immigrants are:
 :-&nbsp;Filby, P. William. ''Passenger and Immigration Lists Index''.&nbsp; An excellent index of over 2,500,000 names of immigrants to North America found in more than 2,500 published sources. Because it was published in nine series with 22 volumes, this index is easier to use on the Internet where all series can be searched at once.&nbsp; Internet sites (fees apply) with the index are:
@@ Line 184: / Line 160: @@
 There is an ongoing project to index an estimated 700,000 Germans who arrived at various U.S. ports including Baltimore City.
-::• Glazier, Ira A., and P. William Filby, eds. ''Germans to America: Lists of Passengers Arriving at U.S. Ports, 1850-1897.''. 67 Volumes. Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources, Inc., 1988-. (Family History Library book [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titlehitlist&columns=*%2C0%2C0&callno=973+W2ger 973 W2ger].)
+:• Glazier, Ira A., and P. William Filby, eds. ''Germans to America: Lists of Passengers Arriving at U.S. Ports, 1850-1897.''. 67 Volumes. Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources, Inc., 1988-. (Family History Library book [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titlehitlist&columns=*%2C0%2C0&callno=973+W2ger 973 W2ger].)
-::• Glazier, Ira A., ed. ''Germans to America - series II: Lists of Passengers Arriving at U.S. Ports in the 1840s''. 7 vols. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources Inc., 2002 Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, Inc., 2004. (Family History Library book [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titlehitlist&columns=*%2C0%2C0&callno=973+W2ger 973 W2ger Ser. 2].)
+:• Glazier, Ira A., ed. ''Germans to America - series II: Lists of Passengers Arriving at U.S. Ports in the 1840s''. 7 vols. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources Inc., 2002 Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, Inc., 2004. (Family History Library book [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titlehitlist&columns=*%2C0%2C0&callno=973+W2ger 973 W2ger Ser. 2].)
+=== The People  ===
+<u>'''British Isles'''</u>
+White settlers in colonial Maryland were primarily from the British Isles. In 1660 many English immigrants began settling the Eastern Shore (east of Chesapeake Bay) in what is now Wicomico County. Nearly all British immigrants to colonial Maryland came either as servants or convicts. Maryland received more indentured servants than any other colony.
+The earlier colonists settled along Maryland's rivers and bays, as these were the primary routes of transportation. By about 1740, English, Scottish, and Scotch-Irish immigrants began moving into the Appalachian section of western Maryland.
+'''<u>German</u>'''
+The largest group of non-British persons in the colonial period were Rhineland Germans who were encouraged by Maryland officials to settle in the rich farm lands of western Maryland in the 1730s and 1740s. Many of these Germans came through Philadelphia. A few Dutch, Swedish, Huguenot, and Acadian refugee families also came to the colony.
+<u>'''Slaves'''</u>
+Slave labor was introduced in the early decades of the seventeenth century when slaves from Barbados were imported to labor in the tobacco fields of southern Maryland. Vast numbers of Blacks were later shipped directly from Africa to the Chesapeake. Some of these Blacks obtained their freedom. By 1800, Maryland had the largest free Black population in the United States.
+'''<u>Migrations from Maryland</u>'''
+Migrations from Maryland began in the early years of the colony. Travelers generally followed the Cumberland Trail (Braddock Road) that led west to Pittsburgh and from there to the Ohio River. Many people also used the Great Trading Path, also called the Great Philadelphia Wagon Road, that led southwest along the Allegheny Ridge into the Shenandoah Valley and beyond. Some Marylanders from Prince George's County went to the Carolinas. A group of Catholics from St. Mary's County settled in Nelson County, Kentucky. By the 1820s some wealthy young Marylanders were moving slaves from their home farms to open plantations in Mississippi and surrounding areas.
+Southerners fleeing the devastation of the Civil War and new immigrants from overseas helped to offset population losses. During the heavy period of immigration from 1830 through 1860, approximately half the immigrants were Germans, and a third were Irish. These immigrants tended to remain in the cities, especially Baltimore City, Maryland.
+<u>'''1870s and 1880s'''</u>
+In the 1870s and 1880s virtually all immigrants were of German origin. In the post-1880 wave of immigration, large numbers of Germans continued to come to Maryland. They were joined by Poles, Bohemians, Lithuanians, Greeks, Jews (from Germany, Poland, and Russia), Czechs, Italians, and Irish.
+'''<u>Finding Histories of Ethnich Groups</u>'''
+Histories of ethnic groups are listed in the Locality Search of the Family History Library Catalog under MARYLAND - MINORITIES. An example is:
+• Cunz, Dieter. The Maryland Germans: A History. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1948. (Family History Library book 975.2 F2c; fiche 6048035.)
-== References  ==
+=== References  ===
 ''Maryland Research Outline''. Salt Lake City, Utah: Intellectual Reserve, Inc., Family History Department, 1998, 2001.
 [[Category:Maryland]] [[Category:Scots-Irish]]