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[[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[Wales]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] Emigration and Immigration
Emigration and immigration records are records of people leaving (emigrating) or coming into (immigrating) Wales. Records include passenger lists, permissions to emigrate, records of passports issued, lists of transported prisoners, or registers of assistance to emigrate. These records may contain the name, age, occupation, destination, place of origin or birthplace, the ship, and date of arrival. Names of fellow passengers may help construct family groups or provide hints on place of origin or destination.  
Emigration and immigration records are records of people leaving (emigrating) or coming into (immigrating) Wales. Records include passenger lists, permissions to emigrate, records of passports issued, lists of transported prisoners, or registers of assistance to emigrate. These records may contain the name, age, occupation, destination, place of origin or birthplace, the ship, and date of arrival. Names of fellow passengers may help construct family groups or provide hints on place of origin or destination.  


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Movements within the United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Ireland, Wales) and also the Isle of Man and Channel Islands, to the colonies required no documents. Records were not required for free emigrants to the United States until 1776; Canada before 1865; or Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa until the twentieth century.  
Movements within the United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Ireland, Wales) and also the Isle of Man and Channel Islands, to the colonies required no documents. Records were not required for free emigrants to the United States until 1776; Canada before 1865; or Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa until the twentieth century.  


<br>
== Finding the Emigrant’s Place of Origin  ==
 
=== Finding the Emigrant’s Place of Origin  ===


Once you have traced your family back to a Welsh emigrant, you must determine the parish he or she was from. There are several sources in the destination country that may reveal where your ancestor came from. You may learn your ancestor’s place of origin by talking to older family members. Other relatives or a library may have documents naming the place, parish, city, or county, such as:  
Once you have traced your family back to a Welsh emigrant, you must determine the parish he or she was from. There are several sources in the destination country that may reveal where your ancestor came from. You may learn your ancestor’s place of origin by talking to older family members. Other relatives or a library may have documents naming the place, parish, city, or county, such as:  
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If the individual emigrated after 1 July 1837, you may find the place of origin by using the nationwide indexes to births, marriages, and deaths (see the "[[Wales Civil Registration- Vital Records|Civil Registration]]" section of this outline). There is no complete nationwide index to birth, marriage, or death records before 1837. The International Genealogical Index and local marriage indexes are partial indexes that you may try before searching emigration records.  
If the individual emigrated after 1 July 1837, you may find the place of origin by using the nationwide indexes to births, marriages, and deaths (see the "[[Wales Civil Registration- Vital Records|Civil Registration]]" section of this outline). There is no complete nationwide index to birth, marriage, or death records before 1837. The International Genealogical Index and local marriage indexes are partial indexes that you may try before searching emigration records.  


For further information about finding the origins of immigrant ancestors, see the [[Portal:Tracing Immigrant Origins|Tracing Immigrant Origins]] Wiki article.  
For further information about finding the origins of immigrant ancestors, see the [[Tracing Immigrant Origins]] Wiki article.  


=== Emigration From Wales  ===
== Emigration From Wales  ==


There was no systematic, official method of emigrating from Wales. The following types of emigrants account for most persons who left Wales:  
There was no systematic, official method of emigrating from Wales. The following types of emigrants account for most persons who left Wales:  
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*'''Military personnel.''' Upon discharge, soldiers serving overseas were offered land or other inducements to settle in the colony where they were serving. This was a common practice in Australia from 1791, in Canada from 1815, and in New Zealand from 1844.
*'''Military personnel.''' Upon discharge, soldiers serving overseas were offered land or other inducements to settle in the colony where they were serving. This was a common practice in Australia from 1791, in Canada from 1815, and in New Zealand from 1844.


*'''Latter-day Saints.''' About 1840, thousands of Welsh members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints emigrated to the United States. Most settled in Utah. For more information, see the [[Utah|Utah Research]] Outline. The website [[Welsh Mormon History|Welsh Mormon History]] has great details, pictures and journals on thousands of Welsh emigrants.
*'''Latter-day Saints.''' About 1840, thousands of Welsh members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints emigrated to the United States. Most settled in Utah. For more information, see the [[Utah|Utah Research]] Outline. The website [http://http://welshmormonhistory.org/] has great details, pictures and journals on thousands of Welsh emigrants.


<br>
== Records of Welsh Immigrants in Their Destination Countries  ==
 
=== Records of Welsh Immigrants in Their Destination Countries  ===


Usually, you will find the best information about your immigrant ancestor in the country he or she immigrated to. You may find the immigrant’s name, place of origin, occupation, and age. Knowing an approximate date and port of arrival or ship name will probably help you search immigration records.  
Usually, you will find the best information about your immigrant ancestor in the country he or she immigrated to. You may find the immigrant’s name, place of origin, occupation, and age. Knowing an approximate date and port of arrival or ship name will probably help you search immigration records.  
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Naturalization records in the destination country may be an excellent source for determining your ancestor’s place of origin. See the "Naturalization and Citizenship" section of the research outline of the destination country. Most immigration records at the Family History Library are listed in the Place Search of the Family History Library Catalog under:  
Naturalization records in the destination country may be an excellent source for determining your ancestor’s place of origin. See the "Naturalization and Citizenship" section of the research outline of the destination country. Most immigration records at the Family History Library are listed in the Place Search of the Family History Library Catalog under:  


[COUNTRY or STATE] - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION  
;[COUNTRY or STATE] - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION  


[COUNTRY or STATE], [COUNTY], [CITY] - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION  
;[COUNTRY or STATE], [COUNTY], [CITY] - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION  


'''United States.''' Most Welsh immigrants to the United States arrived at New York. Immigrant lists are the main source of information on those arriving in the United States. More than 1,000 lists are indexed in an ongoing series by:  
===United States===
Most Welsh immigrants to the United States arrived at New York. Immigrant lists are the main source of information on those arriving in the United States. More than 1,000 lists are indexed in an ongoing series by:  


*Filby, P. William. ''Passenger and Immigration Lists Index''. Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research, 1981–. (Family History Library [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titlehitlist&columns=*%2C0%2C0&callno=973+W32p book 973 W32p].)
*Filby, P. William. ''Passenger and Immigration Lists Index''. Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research, 1981–. (Family History Library [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titlehitlist&columns=*%2C0%2C0&callno=973+W32p book 973 W32p].)
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To locate other books on immigration to the United States, look in the Place Search of the Family History Library Catalog under:  
To locate other books on immigration to the United States, look in the Place Search of the Family History Library Catalog under:  


UNITED STATES - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION  
;UNITED STATES - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION  


[STATE] - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION  
;[STATE] - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION  


[STATE], [COUNTY] - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION  
;[STATE], [COUNTY] - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION  


'''India.''' Many British subjects went to East India for trade or to settle. Until 1834, no British subject could go to India without permission from the East India Company. The Family History Library has some records from the India Office Library. Original records are deposited at the British Library, Oriental and India Office Collection (see the "[[Wales Military Records|Military Records]]" section of this outline).  
===India===
Many British subjects went to East India for trade or to settle. Until 1834, no British subject could go to India without permission from the East India Company. The Family History Library has some records from the India Office Library. Original records are deposited at the British Library, Oriental and India Office Collection (see the "[[Wales Military Records|Military Records]]" section of this outline).  


'''Canada.''' From 1815 to 1850 Canada was the one of the primary destinations of Welsh emigrants. Before 1900, most immigrants arrived in Quebec City or Halifax. Passenger lists into Canada are rare before 1865. Microfilm copies of lists from 1865 to 1900 are at the Family History Library. See the [[Canada|Canada]] Research Outline for further information.  
===Canada===
From 1815 to 1850 Canada was the one of the primary destinations of Welsh emigrants. Before 1900, most immigrants arrived in Quebec City or Halifax. Passenger lists into Canada are rare before 1865. Microfilm copies of lists from 1865 to 1900 are at the Family History Library. See the [[Canada|Canada]] Research Outline for further information.  


'''Australia.''' Australia was founded as a British penal colony in 1788. A few Welshmen were transported as prisoners, while some settled voluntarily in Australia. Most went in the late nineteenth century. They settled mainly in the mining districts, but some settled in agricultural areas.  
===Australia===
Australia was founded as a British penal colony in 1788. A few Welshmen were transported as prisoners, while some settled voluntarily in Australia. Most went in the late nineteenth century. They settled mainly in the mining districts, but some settled in agricultural areas.  


Immigration records vary by state in content and coverage. Some list the immigrant’s birthplace, residence in Wales, and education; his or her mother’s maiden name and parents’ names; and his or her father’s name, occupation, and residence. Some records are indexed. You might find the ship and arrival date in death certificates or published sources. Copies of most pre-1900 records are at the Family History Library. Look in the Place Search of the Family History Library Catalog under:  
Immigration records vary by state in content and coverage. Some list the immigrant’s birthplace, residence in Wales, and education; his or her mother’s maiden name and parents’ names; and his or her father’s name, occupation, and residence. Some records are indexed. You might find the ship and arrival date in death certificates or published sources. Copies of most pre-1900 records are at the Family History Library. Look in the Place Search of the Family History Library Catalog under:  


AUSTRALIA - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION  
;AUSTRALIA - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION  


AUSTRALIA, [STATE] - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION  
;AUSTRALIA, [STATE] - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION  


'''South Africa.''' The British took South Africa from the Dutch in 1795. Few Welsh settled in South Africa until a group of 3,675 British subjects settled in eastern Cape Province in 1820. These settlers are well-documented. A memorial museum that has genealogies of their descendants is located at:  
===South Africa===
The British took South Africa from the Dutch in 1795. Few Welsh settled in South Africa until a group of 3,675 British subjects settled in eastern Cape Province in 1820. These settlers are well-documented. A memorial museum that has genealogies of their descendants is located at:  


*'''Albany Museum'''<br>Somerset Street<br>Grahamstown 6140<br>South Africa <br>Internet: http://www.ru.ac.za/affiliates/am/
*'''Albany Museum'''<br>Somerset Street<br>Grahamstown 6140<br>South Africa <br>Internet: http://www.ru.ac.za/affiliates/am/
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A list of arriving passengers was usually published in the government gazette for the province of arrival. Before 1836 only Cape Province had white settlements. Microfilm copies of many immigration records are available at the Family History Library. Look in the Place Search of the Family History Library Catalog under:  
A list of arriving passengers was usually published in the government gazette for the province of arrival. Before 1836 only Cape Province had white settlements. Microfilm copies of many immigration records are available at the Family History Library. Look in the Place Search of the Family History Library Catalog under:  


SOUTH AFRICA - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION  
;SOUTH AFRICA - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION  


SOUTH AFRICA, [PROVINCE] - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION  
;SOUTH AFRICA, [PROVINCE] - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION  


'''New Zealand.''' The British began colonizing New Zealand in 1840. Immigration records usually give settlement details and the wife’s and children’s names and ages. Most immigrants received assistance from either the New Zealand Company or from a government or church association formed to encourage immigration. Microfilm copies of many of these records are at the Family History Library. Look in the Place Search of the Family History Library Catalog under:  
===New Zealand===
The British began colonizing New Zealand in 1840. Immigration records usually give settlement details and the wife’s and children’s names and ages. Most immigrants received assistance from either the New Zealand Company or from a government or church association formed to encourage immigration. Microfilm copies of many of these records are at the Family History Library. Look in the Place Search of the Family History Library Catalog under:  


NEW ZEALAND - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION  
;NEW ZEALAND - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION  


NEW ZEALAND, [PROVINCE] - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION  
;NEW ZEALAND, [PROVINCE] - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION  


'''Argentina.''' A group of Welsh people sailed om [[The Mimosa|The Mimosa]] and founded a settlement in Patagonia, Argentina, in the nineteenth century. This settlement, known as "Y Wladfa," has been studied in considerable detail. Several books have been written about it. These books can be found in the Place Search of the Family History Library Catalog under:  
===Argentina===
A group of Welsh people sailed on [[The Mimosa|The Mimosa]] and founded a settlement in Patagonia, Argentina, in the nineteenth century. This settlement, known as "Y Wladfa," has been studied in considerable detail. Several books have been written about it. These books can be found in the Place Search of the Family History Library Catalog under:  


ARGENTINA, PATAGONIA - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION  
;ARGENTINA, PATAGONIA - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION  


ARGENTINA, PATAGONIA - COLONIZATION  
;ARGENTINA, PATAGONIA - COLONIZATION  


=== British Records of Emigration  ===
== British Records of Emigration  ==


To search emigration records effectively, you should know the approximate date of emigration, the name of the ship, the type of or reason for emigration, or the emigrant’s previous residence in Wales. If you know the ship’s name, you may find additional details about the ship, including ports of embarkation and arrival, in:  
To search emigration records effectively, you should know the approximate date of emigration, the name of the ship, the type of or reason for emigration, or the emigrant’s previous residence in Wales. If you know the ship’s name, you may find additional details about the ship, including ports of embarkation and arrival, in:  
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'''Assisted Emigrants Registers.''' Persons who applied for assistance to emigrate were recorded in assisted emigrants registers, which often contain name, age, occupation, residence, destination, name of sponsor, address of relative, and size of family. Records of emigrants who received assistance to emigrate from their parish or landlord can be found in parish records and estate records. See the "[[Wales Church Records|Church Records]]" and "[[Wales Land and Property|Land and Property]]" sections of this outline. Those available at the Family History Library appear in the Place Search of the Family History Library Catalog under:  
'''Assisted Emigrants Registers.''' Persons who applied for assistance to emigrate were recorded in assisted emigrants registers, which often contain name, age, occupation, residence, destination, name of sponsor, address of relative, and size of family. Records of emigrants who received assistance to emigrate from their parish or landlord can be found in parish records and estate records. See the "[[Wales Church Records|Church Records]]" and "[[Wales Land and Property|Land and Property]]" sections of this outline. Those available at the Family History Library appear in the Place Search of the Family History Library Catalog under:  


[DESTINATION COUNTRY] - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION  
;[DESTINATION COUNTRY] - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION  


ENGLAND - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION  
;WALES - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION


GREAT BRITAIN - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION  
;GREAT BRITAIN - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION  


WALES - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION  
;ENGLAND - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION  


'''Probate Records.''' Probate records may mention emigrant relatives. Probates of persons dying overseas who owned property in Wales should have been proved in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury (until 1858) or at the Principal Probate Registry (after 1857). The following work lists some American wills proved in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury:  
'''Probate Records.''' Probate records may mention emigrant relatives. Probates of persons dying overseas who owned property in Wales should have been proved in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury (until 1858) or at the Principal Probate Registry (after 1857). The following work lists some American wills proved in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury:  
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There are other lists of emigrants by authors such as Peter W. Coldham, Michael Tepper, and P. William Filby. See the Author/Title Search of the Family History Library Catalog for works by these authors.  
There are other lists of emigrants by authors such as Peter W. Coldham, Michael Tepper, and P. William Filby. See the Author/Title Search of the Family History Library Catalog for works by these authors.  


=== Immigration into the British Isles  ===
== Immigration into the British Isles  ==


Immigration to the British Isles was primarily from continental Europe. Specific immigrant groups include refugees from wars (such as the French Revolution) or from religious persecution (such as Huguenots and Jews).  
Immigration to the British Isles was primarily from continental Europe. Specific immigrant groups include refugees from wars (such as the French Revolution) or from religious persecution (such as Huguenots and Jews).  
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Immigration records at the Family History Library are listed in the Place Search of the Family History Library Catalog under:  
Immigration records at the Family History Library are listed in the Place Search of the Family History Library Catalog under:  


ENGLAND - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION
;WALES - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION  
 
WALES - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION  


As there are few English immigration sources, you may need to search the emigration records for your ancestor’s country of origin.  
As there are few English immigration sources, you may need to search the emigration records for your ancestor’s country of origin.  


=== External Links  ===
== External Links  ==


*http://home.clara.net/tirbach/HelpPageemigration.html  
*http://home.clara.net/tirbach/HelpPageemigration.html  
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