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'''Eastern Jews (Oriental Jews)''' – Jews descended from ancient communities in Islamic lands, North Africa, Persia, Arabia, Yemen, and Turkey. This term is often applied to Jews who do not fit into the Ashkenazic or Sephardic distinction. These groups are relatively small and not many of them have emigrated to North America. | '''Eastern Jews (Oriental Jews)''' – Jews descended from ancient communities in Islamic lands, North Africa, Persia, Arabia, Yemen, and Turkey. This term is often applied to Jews who do not fit into the Ashkenazic or Sephardic distinction. These groups are relatively small and not many of them have emigrated to North America. | ||
'''Holocaust, Jewish''' – The genocidal murder of European Jews by the Nazis during World War II, 1939–1945. | '''Holocaust, Jewish''' – The genocidal murder of European Jews by the Nazis during World War II, 1939–1945. | ||
'''International Tracing Service''' – An organization founded in 1946 and operated since 1955 by the International Red Cross. The aim of the ITS is to collect information on those who were missing, deported, or incarcerated in concentration camps. | '''International Tracing Service''' – An organization founded in 1946 and operated since 1955 by the International Red Cross. The aim of the ITS is to collect information on those who were missing, deported, or incarcerated in concentration camps. | ||
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'''Pages of Testimony '''– A preprinted form available from Yad Vashem that documents a Jewish person who died in the Holocaust. The forms are filled out by people who are able to provide information on the fate of Holocaust victims. | '''Pages of Testimony '''– A preprinted form available from Yad Vashem that documents a Jewish person who died in the Holocaust. The forms are filled out by people who are able to provide information on the fate of Holocaust victims. | ||
'''Pale of Settlement (Pale of Jewish Settlement)''' – Western area of the Russian Empire where Jews were legally allowed to live. It began with the first partition of Poland in 1772 and existed until | '''Pale of Settlement (Pale of Jewish Settlement)''' – Western area of the Russian Empire where Jews were legally allowed to live. It began with the first partition of Poland in 1772 and existed until World War I. | ||
'''Pinkas''' – A register of a Jewish community in which the proceedings of and events related to the community are recorded. | |||
'''Pogrom''' – Russian for destruction. An organized attack against helpless people, usually with government help, often directed against Jews. | '''Pogrom''' – Russian for destruction. An organized attack against helpless people, usually with government help, often directed against Jews. | ||
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'''Reform''' – A modern rabbinical movement of Judaism believing in a liberal interpretation of Jewish law but retaining the values and ethics of Judaism along with some of the practices and the culture. | '''Reform''' – A modern rabbinical movement of Judaism believing in a liberal interpretation of Jewish law but retaining the values and ethics of Judaism along with some of the practices and the culture. | ||
'''Rosh Hashanah''' – Solemn festival that marks the beginning of the month of | '''Rosh Hashanah''' – Solemn festival that marks the beginning of the month of Tishrei, the beginning of the Hebrew Year. | ||
'''Sephardic''' – Descendants of the Jews who lived in Spain or Portugal before 1492. The term is now often applied to Jews of Arabic and Middle Eastern background who are more accurately called Eastern Jews. | |||
'''Shtetl''' – A Jewish town or community, especially in Eastern Europe. | |||
'''Synagogue''' – A Jewish house of worship and study. | |||
''' | '''Talmud''' – The collection of the Jewish oral tradition and rabbinical commentary interpreting the Torah. | ||
''' | '''Torah''' – The biblical books of Moses: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. | ||
''' | '''Yeshiva''' – An academy of Jewish learning and scholarship. | ||
'''Yiddish''' – A language very similar to German, usually written in Hebrew characters, that was spoken chiefly by Ashkenazi Jews in Eastern Europe and the | '''Yiddish''' – A language very similar to German, usually written in Hebrew characters, that was spoken chiefly by Ashkenazi Jews in Eastern Europe and the places to which those Jews migrated. | ||
'''Yizkor books''' – Memorial books published by Holocaust survivors from a particular town or region. | '''Yizkor books''' – Memorial books published by Holocaust survivors from a particular town or region. | ||
[[Category:Jews]] [[Category:Glossary]] | [[Category:Jews]] [[Category:Glossary]] | ||