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Cherokee Nation: Difference between revisions
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The Cherokee were slave owners, and resided in areas encompassed by southern influence many of them enlisted in the Confederate Army. A Treaty signed in 1866 remitted them to the United States. They were required to release their slaves. Others had joined the Union Army. | The Cherokee were slave owners, and resided in areas encompassed by southern influence many of them enlisted in the Confederate Army. A Treaty signed in 1866 remitted them to the United States. They were required to release their slaves. Others had joined the Union Army. | ||
In 1870 some [[Delaware Indians|Delaware]] and [[Shawnee Indians|Shawnee]] from [[ | In 1870 some [[Delaware Indians|Delaware]] and [[Shawnee Indians|Shawnee]] from [[Indians of Kansas|Kansas]] were admitted to the tribe. | ||
There are three band of Cherokee recognized by the Federal government; Cherokee Nation, Eastern Band of Cherokee, and [[United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma|United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee]] | There are three band of Cherokee recognized by the Federal government; Cherokee Nation, Eastern Band of Cherokee, and [[United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma|United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee]] | ||
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*'''1800: '''"Moravian," Protestant missionaries of German origin, established the first mission at Spring Place. | *'''1800: '''"Moravian," Protestant missionaries of German origin, established the first mission at Spring Place. | ||
*'''1801-1823:''' An Indian agent, Return J. Meigs, lived among the Cherokee. | *'''1801-1823:''' An Indian agent, Return J. Meigs, lived among the Cherokee. | ||
*'''1816:''' Lovely's Purchase. [[ | *'''1816:''' Lovely's Purchase. [[Osage Indians|Osage]] agreed to cede land in Arkansas to the United States for the Cherokee people. | ||
*'''1817:''' "Turkey Town Treaty" finalized the exchange for land in [[ | *'''1817:''' "Turkey Town Treaty" finalized the exchange for land in [[Indians of Arkansas|Arkansas]]. The "Old Settlers" begin their migration. | ||
*'''1819-1821:''' Sequoyah (George Gist) created the Cherokee alphabet. | *'''1819-1821:''' Sequoyah (George Gist) created the Cherokee alphabet. | ||
*'''1827: '''Tribal leaders recorded their constitution | *'''1827: '''Tribal leaders recorded their constitution | ||
*'''1828:''' [[ | *'''1828:''' [[Indians of Georgia|Georgia]] held a lottery for Cherokee lands. | ||
*'''1828:''' ''Cherokee Phoenix,'' a bilingual newspaper, contained columns in both English and Cherokee. Editor -- Elias Boudinot | *'''1828:''' ''Cherokee Phoenix,'' a bilingual newspaper, contained columns in both English and Cherokee. Editor -- Elias Boudinot | ||
*'''December 1835:''' Treaty of New Echota, traded Cherokee lands in the southeast for land in Indian Territory (Oklahoma) | *'''December 1835:''' Treaty of New Echota, traded Cherokee lands in the southeast for land in Indian Territory (Oklahoma) | ||
*'''1838: '''First Group; Start of Trail of Tears, 800-mile journey; 1838-39 - Second group; 4,000 Cherokees died | *'''1838: '''First Group; Start of Trail of Tears, 800-mile journey; 1838-39 - Second group; 4,000 Cherokees died | ||
*Cherokee Nation created and divided into the following districts or counties: Canadian, Cooweescoowee, Delaware, Going Snake, Flint, Illinois, Saline, Sequoyah and Tahlequah | *Cherokee Nation created and divided into the following districts or counties: Canadian, Cooweescoowee, Delaware, Going Snake, Flint, Illinois, Saline, Sequoyah and Tahlequah | ||
*'''1861:''' Beginning of the [[ | *'''1861:''' Beginning of the [[American Indians in the Civil War|Civil War]]. A treaty was signed between the Cherokee Nation and the Confederate government. | ||
*'''1865:<span id="fck_dom_range_temp_1271186596656_863" /> '''Eastern Band lost many to a smallpox epidemic | *'''1865:<span id="fck_dom_range_temp_1271186596656_863" /> '''Eastern Band lost many to a smallpox epidemic | ||
*'''1866:''' July 19, Treaty provided for the cession of the Cherokee "neutral lands" in [[ | *'''1866:''' July 19, Treaty provided for the cession of the Cherokee "neutral lands" in [[Indians of Kansas|Kansas]]. Indians living on the land could receive a patent to 320 acres but stipulated that they would no longer be members of the Cherokee nation. | ||
*'''1887:''' General Allotment Act passed. This act required individual ownership of lands once held in common by the Cherokee people. | *'''1887:''' General Allotment Act passed. This act required individual ownership of lands once held in common by the Cherokee people. | ||
*'''1889:''' Unassigned lands in Indian Territory were opened to white settlers. (Oklahoma Land Rush) | *'''1889:''' Unassigned lands in Indian Territory were opened to white settlers. (Oklahoma Land Rush) | ||
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=== '''Records''' === | === '''Records''' === | ||
Cherokee Nation. Oklahoma Historical Society. Indian Archives (Vital, Land and Property, Court, Probate, and School records) {{FHL|529945|item|disp=FHL film 1666294}} first of 129 films | |||
*Genealogy; Cherokee Notes by James Manford Carselowey. 1980. {{FHL| 768983|item|disp= FHL Book: 970.3 C424jmc}} | *Genealogy; Cherokee Notes by James Manford Carselowey. 1980. {{FHL| 768983|item|disp= FHL Book: 970.3 C424jmc}} | ||
*Cherokee Almanac, 1860. by Benjamin Greenleaf {{FHL|276475|item|disp=FHL Film 989199 Item 3}} | *Cherokee Almanac, 1860. by Benjamin Greenleaf {{FHL|276475|item|disp=FHL Film 989199 Item 3}} | ||
*Cherokee Almanac, 1861. By Benjamin Greenleaf {{FHL|737764|item|disp=FHL Fiche 6333956}} | *Cherokee Almanac, 1861. By Benjamin Greenleaf {{FHL|737764|item|disp=FHL Fiche 6333956}} | ||
==='''Agency Records'''=== | |||
(East) Cherokee Agency. United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs. {{FHL||item|disp=FHL film 1249974}} | |||
Cherokee Indian Agency in Tennessee, 1801-1835. United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs. (M0208) {{FHL|285733|item|disp= FHL 1024418]] first of 14 films | |||
==='''Allotment Records'''=== | |||
* Five Civilized Indian Tribes Land Allotment Records, 1899-1907, (NARA RG 75) Oklahoma, Indian Territory, Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. OnLine. [[FHL |1390101|item|disp=FHL film 4124879}} first film | |||
*Forgotten Oklahoma Records ( Allotment) by Fredrea Marilyn Hermann Cook. 1981. {{FHL|105053|item|disp= Film: 1035512}} item 4 or FHL Book: 970.3 C424co | |||
*Township Plats, Cherokee Nation. Tahlequah, Oklahoma. {{FHL|118773|item|disp= FHL Film: 989209}} | |||
==='''Annuity Records'''=== | |||
Annuity Records, 1905-1910 {{FHL|29521|item|disp=FHL film 1030883}} | |||
=== '''Census Records''' === | === '''Census Records''' === | ||
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*'''1890 '''[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/wallace.php Wallace Roll - Cherokee Freedmen] (African Americans - Cherokee citizenship) | *'''1890 '''[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/wallace.php Wallace Roll - Cherokee Freedmen] (African Americans - Cherokee citizenship) | ||
*1890 Eastern Band of Cherokees {{FHL|1009060|disp=FHL film: 1009060}} item 5 | *1890 Eastern Band of Cherokees {{FHL|1009060|disp=FHL film: 1009060}} item 5 | ||
*1890 Census of the Cherokee Nation, Canadian District.{{FHL|779062|item|disp=FHL film 1666296}} | |||
*1896 Tahlequah District {{FHL|989203|disp=Film: 989203}} item 2 | *1896 Tahlequah District {{FHL|989203|disp=Film: 989203}} item 2 | ||
*'''1896-1897 '''Kern - Clifton Roll [http://www.accessgenealogy.com www.accessgenealogy.com] (contains 4523 individuals missed on the Wallace Roll.) | *'''1896-1897 '''Kern - Clifton Roll [http://www.accessgenealogy.com www.accessgenealogy.com] (contains 4523 individuals missed on the Wallace Roll.) | ||
*'''1898-1939''' Indian Census rolls, Cherokee {{FHL| 737657|item|disp= FHL film 573869}} first of five | |||
*'''1924 '''Baker Roll [http://www.easternband.com www.easternband.com] also on {{FHL|847744|disp=Film: 847744}} and {{FHL|847745|disp=Film: 847745}} | *'''1924 '''Baker Roll [http://www.easternband.com www.easternband.com] also on {{FHL|847744|disp=Film: 847744}} and {{FHL|847745|disp=Film: 847745}} | ||
*Maude Bliss Allen, Census Records and Cherokee Muster Rolls. Washington, 1935. {{FHL|970.1 Al|disp=FHL Book 970.1 Al}} #54 | *Maude Bliss Allen, Census Records and Cherokee Muster Rolls. Washington, 1935. {{FHL|970.1 Al|disp=FHL Book 970.1 Al}} #54 | ||
*1896 Census of Citizens of Tahlequah District, Cherokee Nation {{FHL|989203|disp=FHL Film 989203}} item 2 | *1896 Census of Citizens of Tahlequah District, Cherokee Nation {{FHL|989203|disp=FHL Film 989203}} item 2 | ||
The Bureau of Indian Affairs compiled annual Indian Census rolls on many of the reservations from 1885-1940. They list the names of individuals, their age, and other details about each person enumerated. For more information about these records [[American Indian Census Rolls|click here.]] <br> | |||
==='''Citizenship'''=== | |||
Cherokee citizenship documents, 1880. Oklahoma Historical Society Indian Archives Division. {{FHL|785232|disp= FHL film 1666350}} item 3 | |||
'''Additional Records Available through the Family History Library''' | '''Additional Records Available through the Family History Library''' | ||
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The Indian Removal Act was signed May 26, 1830 by President Andrew Jackson. The Act initiated a policy of removal of American Indians tribes living east of the Mississippi River to land west of the river. | The Indian Removal Act was signed May 26, 1830 by President Andrew Jackson. The Act initiated a policy of removal of American Indians tribes living east of the Mississippi River to land west of the river. | ||
*Cherokee Emigration Rolls, 1817-1835. by Jack D. Baker. {{FHL|58571|item|disp= FHL Book: 970.3 C424be}} | |||
* Lists of North Carolina Cherokee who removed to the Cherokee Naiton West, Cherokee (Tahlequah). Oklahoma Historical Society. Indian Archives Division {{FHL|77891|item|disp= FHL film 1666295 item 3 }} | |||
{| width="249" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" align="center" | {| width="249" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" align="center" | ||
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*T. L. Ballenger. Early History of Northeastern State College {{FHL|989203|disp=FHL Film 989203}} | *T. L. Ballenger. Early History of Northeastern State College {{FHL|989203|disp=FHL Film 989203}} | ||
*Beatties Prairie School, Registers of Pupils, 1876-1881. Delaware Cherokee Nation {{FHL|989203|disp=FHL Film 989203}} | *Beatties Prairie School, Registers of Pupils, 1876-1881. Delaware Cherokee Nation {{FHL|989203|disp=FHL Film 989203}} | ||
* Cherokee Agency (East) U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs, School Records, 1907-1948 {{FHL|110544|item|disp=FHL film 1249958}} first of two films | |||
=== Correspondence === | === Correspondence === | ||
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*Cherokee Agency, M 595, births and deaths 1924-1932, {{FHL|Film: 573871 }}1926-1939, {{FHL|Film: 573872}}<br> | *Cherokee Agency, M 595, births and deaths 1924-1932, {{FHL|Film: 573871 }}1926-1939, {{FHL|Film: 573872}}<br> | ||
* Marriage Records for the Cherokee Indian in Delaware District, 1867-1898 Oklahoma Historical Society. Indian Archives Division. {{FHL|779081|item|disp= FHL film 1666325 item 1 }}first of four films | |||
*Marriage records for Cooweescoowee District, 1867-1898. Oklahoma Historical Society. Indian Archives Division {{FHL|779077|item|disp=FHL film 1666317}} | |||
*Marriage licenses and marks and brands for Sequoyah District in the Cherokee District, 1874-1898 {{FHL|784845|item|disp= FHL film 1666339}} | |||
* Marriages for Going Snake District, 1880-1898 {{FHL|784476|item| disp= FHL film 1666332}} | |||
* Marriage Records for Illinois District, 1868-1898 {{FHL|778910|item|disp= FHL film 1666334}} | |||
=== '''Indian Pioneer Papers''' === | === '''Indian Pioneer Papers''' === | ||