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Colombia Emigration and Immigration: Difference between revisions
Colombia Emigration and Immigration (view source)
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== Immigration since Independence == | == Immigration since Independence == | ||
For the first half of the 19th century immigration to Colombia slowed considerably due to political unrest and warfare. During | For the first half of the 19th century immigration to Colombia slowed considerably due to political unrest and warfare. During the later half of the century, however, the country received trickling flows of European migrants from Spain, Germany, Italy, France, and Russia; non-Europeans from Syria, Lebanon, and China; Jews; Romas, and Americans. | ||
The first and largest wave of immigration from the Middle East began around 1880, and continued during the first two decades of the twentieth century. They were mainly Maronite Christians from Greater Syria (Syria and Lebanon) and Palestine, fleeing the then colonized Ottoman Turkey territories. Syrians, Palestinians, and Lebanese have continued since then to settle in Colombia. Syrians and Lebanese are perhaps the biggest immigrant group next to the Spanish to come to Colombia since its independence. Recently, immigration from the Middle East to Colombia has increased due to the Arab Spring and civil war in Syria. | The first and largest wave of immigration from the Middle East began around 1880, and continued during the first two decades of the twentieth century. They were mainly Maronite Christians from Greater Syria (Syria and Lebanon) and Palestine, fleeing the then colonized Ottoman Turkey territories. Syrians, Palestinians, and Lebanese have continued since then to settle in Colombia. Syrians and Lebanese are perhaps the biggest immigrant group next to the Spanish to come to Colombia since its independence. Recently, immigration from the Middle East to Colombia has increased due to the Arab Spring and civil war in Syria. | ||
In the mid-nineteenth century many Italians arrived from southern Italy (especially in the province of Salerno and regions Basilicata and Calabria ) to the north coast of Colombia. Barranquilla was the first center of this mass migration. In 1885 diplomatic relations were broken for some years between Italy and Colombia when a wealthy Italian businessman in the Cauca, Cerruti Ernesto, turned against the oligarchy and the church favoring a local party liberal. The | In the mid-nineteenth century many Italians arrived from southern Italy (especially in the province of Salerno and regions Basilicata and Calabria ) to the north coast of Colombia. Barranquilla was the first center of this mass migration. In 1885 diplomatic relations were broken for some years between Italy and Colombia when a wealthy Italian businessman in the Cauca, Cerruti Ernesto, turned against the oligarchy and the church favoring a local party liberal. The Bogotá authorities confiscated their property and imprisoned him. This caused a blockage of the Colombian ports by the Italian Navy and the flow of migrants from Italy was partially closed until 1899. Perhaps without this military-diplomatic crises, the Italian inmmigration in Colombia would have been something similar to what occurred in Brazil, Argentina or neighboring Venezuela. Consequently though, before the First World War there was only about 5,000 Italians in Colombia, concentrated on the coast around Barranquilla, Cartagena and Santa Marta, with some hundreds living in Bogota. Currently the Italian community reaches nearly 15,000 people, but it is estimated that more than 50,000 Colombians have some Italian ancestry. | ||
Germans began immigrating in the later half of the 19th century, and also in the 20th century. Many arrived in Colombia via Venezuela, where German settlements already existed. They traditionally settled as farmers or professional workers in the states of Boyacá and Santander, but also in Cali, Bogotá, and Barranquilla. One famous German immigrant of the 19th century was German-Jewish entrepreneur Leo Siegfried Kopp who founded the brewery, Bavaria. Other German groups arrived in Colombia later; after World War I (many opticians and other professional businesses in Bogotá were founded by German immigrants in the 1910s), and after World War II, (some of them Nazis or on the black list). See "Distant and Distinct: German Immigrants in Colombia" by Enrique Biermann. | Germans began immigrating in the later half of the 19th century, and also in the 20th century. Many arrived in Colombia via Venezuela, where German settlements already existed. They traditionally settled as farmers or professional workers in the states of Boyacá and Santander, but also in Cali, Bogotá, and Barranquilla. One famous German immigrant of the 19th century was German-Jewish entrepreneur Leo Siegfried Kopp who founded the brewery, Bavaria. Other German groups arrived in Colombia later; after World War I (many opticians and other professional businesses in Bogotá were founded by German immigrants in the 1910s), and after World War II, (some of them Nazis or on the black list). See "Distant and Distinct: German Immigrants in Colombia" by Enrique Biermann. | ||
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In the 1920's, Colombia's government sought workers from Japan. This initiative was due to the proposal that the Agricultural Society of Colombia sent to the Ministries of Foreign Affairs and of Agriculture and Commerce, calling the attention of the Government to agricultural labor shortages due to the increase of workers in the railways. Few families did immigrate to the Cauca Valley region, but after the bombing of Pearl Harbor the heads of households were arrested and taken to Hotel Sabaneta in Fusagasugá . The hotel was converted into an internment camp for Germans, Japanese and Italians until the WWII ended in Europe and Asia.<br> | In the 1920's, Colombia's government sought workers from Japan. This initiative was due to the proposal that the Agricultural Society of Colombia sent to the Ministries of Foreign Affairs and of Agriculture and Commerce, calling the attention of the Government to agricultural labor shortages due to the increase of workers in the railways. Few families did immigrate to the Cauca Valley region, but after the bombing of Pearl Harbor the heads of households were arrested and taken to Hotel Sabaneta in Fusagasugá . The hotel was converted into an internment camp for Germans, Japanese and Italians until the WWII ended in Europe and Asia.<br> | ||
About 3,000 North Americans arrived in Barranquilla during the late 19th century. By 1958, American immigrants comprised 10% of all immigrants living in Colombia. There are now between 30,000-40,000 United States citizens living in Colombia. Many of whom are Colombians emigrants to the United States who chose to return to Colombia. | About 3,000 North Americans arrived in Barranquilla during the late 19th century. By 1958, American immigrants comprised 10% of all immigrants living in Colombia. There are now between 30,000-40,000 United States citizens living in Colombia. Many of whom are Colombians emigrants to the United States who chose to return to Colombia. | ||
= Emmigration = | = Emmigration = | ||