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After the First World War, in October 1918, the Czech lands of Austria were included in the new sovereign state of Czechoslovakia along with the northern Slovak counties of Hungary. For twenty years democracy flourished in Czechoslovakia and the country became one of the most prosperous and industrialized in Eastern Europe. The Czech half of the country was occupied by the Germans from 1938 to 1945. Following the Second World War, the state of Czechoslovakia was reestablished and from 1948 until 1989 the country was ruled by a Communist government. In November of 1989, the Communist leadership stepped down and in December of the same year a new government was established. Free elections were held in 1990 and 1992, but there was a growing rift between the Czechs and Slovaks. Efforts to find a compromise at the federal level fell apart. In July 1992, the Slovaks voted in favor of total separation and in November the federal parliament voted to dissolve Czechoslovakia as of 31 December 1992. On 1 January 1993 the Slovak and Czech Republics became two separate, independent states. The Czech Republic today is set to join NATO and is striving to become a member of the European Union and other western political and economic structures.<br> | After the First World War, in October 1918, the Czech lands of Austria were included in the new sovereign state of Czechoslovakia along with the northern Slovak counties of Hungary. For twenty years democracy flourished in Czechoslovakia and the country became one of the most prosperous and industrialized in Eastern Europe. The Czech half of the country was occupied by the Germans from 1938 to 1945. Following the Second World War, the state of Czechoslovakia was reestablished and from 1948 until 1989 the country was ruled by a Communist government. In November of 1989, the Communist leadership stepped down and in December of the same year a new government was established. Free elections were held in 1990 and 1992, but there was a growing rift between the Czechs and Slovaks. Efforts to find a compromise at the federal level fell apart. In July 1992, the Slovaks voted in favor of total separation and in November the federal parliament voted to dissolve Czechoslovakia as of 31 December 1992. On 1 January 1993 the Slovak and Czech Republics became two separate, independent states. The Czech Republic today is set to join NATO and is striving to become a member of the European Union and other western political and economic structures.<br> | ||
=== Timeline === | === Timeline === | ||
'''623-658''' The first Slavic state was established – “Empire of Samo”<br>'''833''' The beginning of the Great Moravian Empire<br>'''863''' The arrival of Slavic missionaries Constantine (later known as Cyril) and Methodius<br>'''907''' Destruction of the Great Moravian Empire by Magyars<br>'''962''' Holy Roman Empire established<br>'''1085''' Vratislav II was granted the royal crown and become the first Czech king starting the Premyslid dynasty<br>'''1212''' Bohemia proclaimed a permanent kingdom by pope<br>'''1306''' The Premyslid dynasty ends with the death of King Wenceslas III<br>'''1348''' Charles IV founded the Charles University<br>'''1414''' John Huss (Jan Hus) spoke against the corruption of the Catholic Church and conducted his sermons in Czech so it could be understood by ordinary people<br>'''1415''' John Huss (Jan Hus) burnt at the stake<br>'''1420 to 1434''' The Hussite Wars<br>'''1458''' The Hussites elected a Czech Protestant, George of Podebrady as the country's new king<br>'''1563''' The Council of Trent, Roman Catholic parishes required to keep christening and marriage church registers<br>'''1614''' The Ritual Romanorum, Roman Catholic parishes required to keep death church registers<br>'''1618''' Beginning of the Thirty Years War<br>'''1620''' White Mountain Battle<br>'''1645''' The Treaty of Linz, recognition of four religions: Catholicism, Lutheranism, Calvinism, and Unitarianism<br>'''1730''' Catholic priests ordered to record non-Catholics in their church registers<br>'''1771''' New standardized format for the church records introduced<br>'''1781''' The Toleration Patent, recognition of Protestantism and Judaism<br>'''1784''' Church registers declared valid public records and the keeping of birth, marriage and death records standardized (columns with headings). The Catholic parishes made responsible for recording birth, marriage and death records for people of all religions<br>'''1787''' Protestants authorized to keep their own registers independent of Catholic control<br>'''1788''' Jews required to keep their own registers under the Catholic supervision<br>'''1840''' Jews required by law to keep birth, marriage and death records<br>'''1848''' Feudal system abolished<br>'''1867''' Creation of the Austro-Hungarian Empire<br>'''1918''' Creation of the Republic of Czechoslovakia<br>'''1921''' Civil registration required by law, church registers no longer valid public records<br>'''1945''' Czechoslovakia loses Sub-Carpathian Russia to Soviet Union<br>'''1950''' Consolidation of all records of genealogical value by the government<br>'''1952''' Centralization of all these records into state regional archives<br>'''1993''' Czechoslovakia dissolved; Czech and Slovak Republics become two separate, independent states<br> | '''623-658''' The first Slavic state was established – “Empire of Samo”<br>'''833''' The beginning of the Great Moravian Empire<br>'''863''' The arrival of Slavic missionaries Constantine (later known as Cyril) and Methodius<br>'''907''' Destruction of the Great Moravian Empire by Magyars<br>'''962''' Holy Roman Empire established<br>'''1085''' Vratislav II was granted the royal crown and become the first Czech king starting the Premyslid dynasty<br>'''1212''' Bohemia proclaimed a permanent kingdom by pope<br>'''1306''' The Premyslid dynasty ends with the death of King Wenceslas III<br>'''1348''' Charles IV founded the Charles University<br>'''1414''' John Huss (Jan Hus) spoke against the corruption of the Catholic Church and conducted his sermons in Czech so it could be understood by ordinary people<br>'''1415''' John Huss (Jan Hus) burnt at the stake<br>'''1420 to 1434''' The Hussite Wars<br>'''1458''' The Hussites elected a Czech Protestant, George of Podebrady as the country's new king<br>'''1563''' The Council of Trent, Roman Catholic parishes required to keep christening and marriage church registers<br>'''1614''' The Ritual Romanorum, Roman Catholic parishes required to keep death church registers<br>'''1618''' Beginning of the Thirty Years War<br>'''1620''' White Mountain Battle<br>'''1645''' The Treaty of Linz, recognition of four religions: Catholicism, Lutheranism, Calvinism, and Unitarianism<br>'''1730''' Catholic priests ordered to record non-Catholics in their church registers<br>'''1771''' New standardized format for the church records introduced<br>'''1781''' The Toleration Patent, recognition of Protestantism and Judaism, religious toleration within the Empire<br>'''1784''' Church registers declared valid public records and the keeping of birth, marriage and death records standardized (columns with headings). The Catholic parishes made responsible for recording birth, marriage and death records for people of all religions<br>'''1787''' Protestants authorized to keep their own registers independent of Catholic control<br>'''1788''' Jews required to keep their own registers under the Catholic supervision<br>'''1840''' Jews required by law to keep birth, marriage and death records<br>'''1848''' Feudal system abolished<br>'''1867''' Creation of the Austro-Hungarian Empire<br>'''1918''' Creation of the Republic of Czechoslovakia<br>'''1921''' Civil registration required by law, church registers no longer valid public records<br>'''1945''' Czechoslovakia loses Sub-Carpathian Russia to Soviet Union<br>'''1950''' Consolidation of all records of genealogical value by the government<br>'''1952''' Centralization of all these records into state regional archives<br>'''1993''' Czechoslovakia dissolved; Czech and Slovak Republics become two separate, independent states<br> | ||
[[Category:Czech_Republic|History]] | [[Category:Czech_Republic|History]] | ||