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== History == | == History == | ||
It is not known exactly how long the Pembina Chippewa's have lived from northwestern Minnesota, eastern North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, northwestern Ontario, southern Manitoba, and Saskatchewan. 19th century books and reports about the Pembina Chippewa's are helpful. Historians generally classify the Pembina Chippewa's as being [[ | It is not known exactly how long the Pembina Chippewa's have lived from northwestern Minnesota, eastern North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, northwestern Ontario, southern Manitoba, and Saskatchewan. 19th century books and reports about the Pembina Chippewa's are helpful. Historians generally classify the Pembina Chippewa's as being [[Saulteaux Indians]] but history tells of a '''Pembina Chippewa District'''. | ||
A letter wriiten by Father Belcourt to Major Woods in 1849, described the district of these Chippewa people. Belcourt claimed from Pembina, North Dakota, the Pembina Chippewa District extended around 400 miles from north to south. Belcourt claimed it commenced at the 49th parallel of latitude or the border of Canada and the United States. Belcourt only included the Pembina District land in the United States. Pembina District in the United States, extended from just north of Pembina, North Dakota at the Canadian border, to extreme southeastern South Dakota adjacent to Iowa. | A letter wriiten by Father Belcourt to Major Woods in 1849, described the district of these Chippewa people. Belcourt claimed from Pembina, North Dakota, the Pembina Chippewa District extended around 400 miles from north to south. Belcourt claimed it commenced at the 49th parallel of latitude or the border of Canada and the United States. Belcourt only included the Pembina District land in the United States. Pembina District in the United States, extended from just north of Pembina, North Dakota at the Canadian border, to extreme southeastern South Dakota adjacent to Iowa. | ||
Belcourt also told Woods that the Pembina Chippewa District extended over 500 miles from east to west, at the height of land where the Mississippi River is in Minnesota. That be the 47th parallel of latitude (the Leech Lake Reservation region). That be from Cass Lake over 500 miles to the west. Probably just southeast of what is now Fort Peck Reservoir. The Pembina Chippewa District bordered the [[ | Belcourt also told Woods that the Pembina Chippewa District extended over 500 miles from east to west, at the height of land where the Mississippi River is in Minnesota. That be the 47th parallel of latitude (the Leech Lake Reservation region). That be from Cass Lake over 500 miles to the west. Probably just southeast of what is now Fort Peck Reservoir. The Pembina Chippewa District bordered the [[Little Shell Band of Chippewa Indians, Montana]] District. These Districts had close ties with the [[Lake_Superior_Chippewa]] District to their east. The Yellowstone River in Montana may have been the Districts border. To the west was the Little Shell Chippewa District and to the east was the Pembina Chippewa District. Pembina Chippewa land in Canada was located in northwestern Ontario, Manitoba, and probably a small area of southeastern Saskatchewan. In the early 20th century, many Pembina Chippewa's who lived in southern Manitoba (St. Peters near Selkirk) were forced to relocate to the north and northeast. That be the Fisher River and Peguis region of Manitoba, and the region east of Lake Winnipeg in Manitoba and northwestern Ontario. That happened when adhesions were signed to Treaty 5 on August 24, 1908 (Fisher River) and June 9, 1910 (Deer's Lake). Long before that, however, the Pembina Chippewa's migrated north into northern Manitoba and Nunavut. | ||
Historians think the Chippewa's became attracted to the plains in the 18th century. And the fur trade was not as important to the Chippewa's as historians suggest. When the Chippewa's had the opportunity to trade they often did. However, they were prone to keep away from the white trading posts for a good reason. Trading companies knew it and lured the Chippewa's to the trading posts by offering alcohol. Chippewa leaders found it extremely difficult to stop their subjects from visiting the trading posts and were probably forced to use harsh measures to keep them away from the trading posts. All too often it failed. | Historians think the Chippewa's became attracted to the plains in the 18th century. And the fur trade was not as important to the Chippewa's as historians suggest. When the Chippewa's had the opportunity to trade they often did. However, they were prone to keep away from the white trading posts for a good reason. Trading companies knew it and lured the Chippewa's to the trading posts by offering alcohol. Chippewa leaders found it extremely difficult to stop their subjects from visiting the trading posts and were probably forced to use harsh measures to keep them away from the trading posts. All too often it failed. | ||
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Barren Lands | Barren Lands | ||
Berens River | Berens River | ||
Big Grassy | Big Grassy | ||
Birdtail Sioux | Birdtail Sioux | ||
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God's River (Manto Sipi) | God's River (Manto Sipi) | ||
Grassy Narrows | Grassy Narrows | ||
Hollow Water | Hollow Water | ||
Island Lake (Garden Hill, Red Sucker Lake, St. Theresa Point, and Wasagamack) | Island Lake (Garden Hill, Red Sucker Lake, St. Theresa Point, and Wasagamack) | ||
Iskatewizaagegan | Iskatewizaagegan | ||
James Smith | James Smith | ||
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Mosakahiken | Mosakahiken | ||
Muskoday | Muskoday | ||
Naongashiing | Naongashiing | ||
Naotkamegwaning | Naotkamegwaning | ||
Nelson House (Nisichawayasihk) | Nelson House (Nisichawayasihk) | ||
Northlands | Northlands | ||
Northwest Angle No. 33 | Northwest Angle No. 33 | ||
Northwest Angle No. 37 | Northwest Angle No. 37 | ||
Norway House | Norway House | ||
Obashkaandagaang | Obashkaandagaang | ||
Ocean Man | Ocean Man | ||
Ochiichagwe'babigo'ining | Ochiichagwe'babigo'ining | ||
Onigaming | Onigaming | ||
O-Pipon-Na-Piwin | O-Pipon-Na-Piwin | ||
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Sayisi Dene | Sayisi Dene | ||
Shamattawa | Shamattawa | ||
Shoal Lake No. 40 | Shoal Lake No. 40 | ||
Sioux Valley | Sioux Valley | ||
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Tootinawaziibeeng | Tootinawaziibeeng | ||
Wabaseemoong | Wabaseemoong | ||
Wabauskang | Wabauskang | ||
War Lake | War Lake | ||
Waterhen | Waterhen | ||
Wauzhushk Onigum | Wauzhushk Onigum | ||
Waywayseecappo | Waywayseecappo | ||
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Yellow Quill | Yellow Quill | ||
York Factory | York Factory | ||
==== Additional References to the History of the Tribe ==== | ==== Additional References to the History of the Tribe ==== | ||