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Around the time of the War of 1812, the whites launched an invasion into the south of Manitoba. Pembina Chippeway soldiers defeated and subjugated them. They allowed the whites who had settled in the few white forts and settlements in southern Manitoba, some degree of freedom. Freedom of religion was one and to stay in contact with the whites at the trading posts was another. The Metis people are a part of Pembina Chippewa history.  
Around the time of the War of 1812, the whites launched an invasion into the south of Manitoba. Pembina Chippeway soldiers defeated and subjugated them. They allowed the whites who had settled in the few white forts and settlements in southern Manitoba, some degree of freedom. Freedom of religion was one and to stay in contact with the whites at the trading posts was another. The Metis people are a part of Pembina Chippewa history.  


They liked the lifestyle of the Pembina Chippewa's who frequently hunted for buffalo. They are a mixture of Chippewa and white, or the descendants of the white settlers who invaded southern Manitoba between 1800 and 1820. They would cause problems as the 19th century progressed. The Pembina Chippewa's mixed their culture and language with the whites they subjugated. Much mixing occurred and the Metis were prone to fall for the religion of the whites. The Pembina Chippewa's were liberal about religion but were not stupid. They first allowed the whites to carry on with their religion but sometimes reacted with great rage if the whites appeared to be foolish.
They liked the lifestyle of the Pembina Chippewa's who frequently hunted for buffalo. They are a mixture of Chippewa and white, or the descendants of the white settlers who invaded southern Manitoba between 1800 and 1820. They would cause problems as the 19th century progressed. The Pembina Chippewa's mixed their culture and language with the whites they subjugated. Much mixing occurred and the Metis were prone to fall for the religion of the whites. The Pembina Chippewa's were liberal about religion but were not stupid. They first allowed the whites to carry on with their religion but sometimes reacted with great rage if the whites appeared to be foolish.  
 


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==== Brief Timeline  ====
==== Brief Timeline  ====


1492:
1492:  


Were probably living in the south of Manitoba and northwestern Ontario. A larger Lake Winnipeg probably existed during those times so the Pembina Chippewa's were probably more at home in northwestern Ontario.
Were probably living in the south of Manitoba and northwestern Ontario. A larger Lake Winnipeg probably existed during those times so the Pembina Chippewa's were probably more at home in northwestern Ontario.  


16th century:
16th century:  


May have had first contact with the whites.
May have had first contact with the whites.  


17th century:
17th century:  


They definitely had contact with the whites. Probably from the Hudson Bay region. Pembina Chippeway soldiers were sent east to help fight the whites and their Indian allies.
They definitely had contact with the whites. Probably from the Hudson Bay region. Pembina Chippeway soldiers were sent east to help fight the whites and their Indian allies.  


18th century:
18th century:  


Though their participation in the wars against the whites was limited, Pembina Chippeway soldiers did participate in those wars. In 1774 (around the time of Lord Dunmore's War or Revolutionary War), the whites commenced to build trading posts inland from Hudson Bay. It agitated the Chippeway's. After the Revolutionary War, an increase in the number of inland trading posts followed. Hudson Bay Company was really searching for the Northwest Passage. After finding it, they commenced to build forts in northern Alberta and the Northwest Territories. It caused unrest among the Chippeway's.
Though their participation in the wars against the whites was limited, Pembina Chippeway soldiers did participate in those wars. In 1774 (around the time of Lord Dunmore's War or Revolutionary War), the whites commenced to build trading posts inland from Hudson Bay. It agitated the Chippeway's. After the Revolutionary War, an increase in the number of inland trading posts followed. Hudson Bay Company was really searching for the Northwest Passage. After finding it, they commenced to build forts in northern Alberta and the Northwest Territories. It caused unrest among the Chippeway's.  


19th century:
19th century:  


During the War of 1812, the whites launched an invasion to the south of Manitoba. Chippeway soldiers stopped and defeated the whites. They subjugated most until 1869. Wars on the plains of the northern United States and Minnesota, led to large numbers of Pembina Chippewa casualties. Many followed prophecy and fled west. Chief Yellow Quill, who originally lived in southern Manitoba, was instrumental in leading large numbers of Pembina Chippewa's to eastern Saskatchewan. One of chief Yellow Quill's sub-chiefs named Kinistin, led large numbers of Pemina Chippewa's north to the Barren Lands (Caribou Land) of Manitoba and northeastern Saskatchewan. Chief James Smith led large numbers of Pembina Chippewa's from Manitoba to Saskatchewan. Many Pembina Chippewa's were led into Montana by chief Sitting Bull. Chief Sitting Bull was born and raised among the Red River Chippewa's, or was Pembina Chippewa.
During the War of 1812, the whites launched an invasion to the south of Manitoba. Chippeway soldiers stopped and defeated the whites. They subjugated most until 1869. Wars on the plains of the northern United States and Minnesota, led to large numbers of Pembina Chippewa casualties. Many followed prophecy and fled west. Chief Yellow Quill, who originally lived in southern Manitoba, was instrumental in leading large numbers of Pembina Chippewa's to eastern Saskatchewan. One of chief Yellow Quill's sub-chiefs named Kinistin, led large numbers of Pemina Chippewa's north to the Barren Lands (Caribou Land) of Manitoba and northeastern Saskatchewan. Chief James Smith led large numbers of Pembina Chippewa's from Manitoba to Saskatchewan. Many Pembina Chippewa's were led into Montana by chief Sitting Bull. Chief Sitting Bull was born and raised among the Red River Chippewa's, or was Pembina Chippewa.
==== Brief History  ====
'''15th Century:'''<br>First Pembina Chippewa's are probably living in far western Montana, California,&nbsp; Idaho, Oregon, Washington, and even in British Columbia.
'''16th Century:'''
News about the first white invaders was probably learned of by the Pembina Chippewa's of the western part of North America.
'''17th Century:'''<br>Contact with the whites may have occurred. It either occurred in western North America, or the Hudson Bay region of Canada. Many Pembina Chippeway soldiers and their families from Montana and Wyoming, are sent to the east and Texas, to help the eastern and Texas Ojibway's fight the white invaders.
'''18th Century:'''<br>As the century progressed so did a Chippewa migration to the west. They followed old roads to the Montana region and beyond. They were in frequent contact with white traders. Pembina Chippewa leaders did not like them. They knew the white traders were luring their people to the trade posts by offering alcohol. It caused a great deal of unrest between the Pembina Chippewa leaders and their subjects, who often had to be jailed for not following the rules of their leaders.
'''19th century:'''<br>More contact with the whites increased. By the mid part of the 19th century, the Pembina Chippewa's were at war with the whites. The wars caused heavy Pembina Chippewa casualties. The whites had the revolver, repeating rifle, and machine gun (gatlin gun) by the 1860s. In the late 1860s, the whites who had long been subjugated by the Pembina Chippewa's in the south of Manitoba, rose up and declared their independence. By the mid 1880s the fighting had ended. Reservations were established. Many were also established in northwestern Ontario.


==== Reservations  ====
==== Reservations  ====
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