Pembina Band of Chippewa Indians: Difference between revisions

'''15th Century:'''<br>First Pembina Chippewa's are probably living in far western Montana, Idaho, Oregon, Washington, and even in British Columbia.  

'''16th Century:''' News about the first white invaders was probably learned of by the Pembina Chippewa's of the western part of North America.

'''17th Century:'''<br>Contact with the whites may have occurred. It either occurred in western North America, or the Hudson Bay region of Canada.  

'''18th Century:'''<br>As the century progressed so did the Chippewa migration to the west. They followed old roads to the Montana region and beyond. They were in frequent contact with white traders. Pembina Chippewa leaders did not like them. They knew the white traders were luring their people to the trade posts by offering alcohol. It caused a great deal of unrest between the Pembina Chippewa leaders and their subjects who often had to be jailed for not following the rules of their leaders.  

'''19th century:'''<br>More contact with the whites increased. By the mid part of the 19th century, the Pembina Chippewa's were at war with the whites. The wars caused heavy Pembina Chippewa casualties. The whites had the revolver, repeating rifle, and machine gun (gatlin gun) by the 1860s. In the late 1860s, the whites who had long been subjugated by the Pembina Chippewa's in the south of Manitoba, rose up and declared their independence. By the mid 1880s the fighting had ended. Reservations were established. Many were also established in northwestern Ontario.