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Pennsylvania History: Difference between revisions

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'''1651-1655:''' The [[New Netherland|New Netherland]] Colony builds Fort Casimir<ref>Johnson, Detailed Map.</ref><ref>"Fort Casimir" in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Casimir (accessed 7 November 2008).</ref><ref>Klein and Hoogenboom.</ref> (now New Castle, Delaware), settle Sandhook,<ref>Johnson, Detailed Map.</ref><ref>Craig. "1651 - Dutch build Fort Casimir at Sand Hook (New Castle) and abandon Fort Bevers-reede in Schuylkill."</ref><ref>Johnson, ''Swedes on the Delaware'', 294. "In October, Novermber, and December the new freemen were ordered to clear their lands at various places, for the purpose of planting maize in the coming spring; and several fields at Sandhook, at Fort Christina and up at the [Christina] River were cleared and sewn for the benefit of the company with the grain which Mr. Lord had brought in . . ."</ref> and abandon Fort Beversrede in 1651. In 1654 [[New Sweden|New Sweden]] captures Fort Casimir from the Dutch without a fight and rename it Fort Trinty (Trefaldighets).<ref>"New Sweden" in Wikipedia.</ref> In 1655 [[New Netherland|New Netherland]] returns with a large army and all of [[New Sweden|New Sweden]] in presend-day Pennsylvania, Delaware, and New Jersey submits to Dutch rule.<ref>"New Sweden" in Wikipedia.</ref>  
'''1651-1655:''' The [[New Netherland|New Netherland]] Colony builds Fort Casimir<ref>Johnson, Detailed Map.</ref><ref>"Fort Casimir" in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Casimir (accessed 7 November 2008).</ref><ref>Klein and Hoogenboom.</ref> (now New Castle, Delaware), settle Sandhook,<ref>Johnson, Detailed Map.</ref><ref>Craig. "1651 - Dutch build Fort Casimir at Sand Hook (New Castle) and abandon Fort Bevers-reede in Schuylkill."</ref><ref>Johnson, ''Swedes on the Delaware'', 294. "In October, Novermber, and December the new freemen were ordered to clear their lands at various places, for the purpose of planting maize in the coming spring; and several fields at Sandhook, at Fort Christina and up at the [Christina] River were cleared and sewn for the benefit of the company with the grain which Mr. Lord had brought in . . ."</ref> and abandon Fort Beversrede in 1651. In 1654 [[New Sweden|New Sweden]] captures Fort Casimir from the Dutch without a fight and rename it Fort Trinty (Trefaldighets).<ref>"New Sweden" in Wikipedia.</ref> In 1655 [[New Netherland|New Netherland]] returns with a large army and all of [[New Sweden|New Sweden]] in presend-day Pennsylvania, Delaware, and New Jersey submits to Dutch rule.<ref>"New Sweden" in Wikipedia.</ref>  


'''1664:''' As part of the Second Anglo-Dutch War [[New Netherland|New Netherland]] is surrendered to the English.<ref>"New Netherland" in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_netherland (accessed 13 December 2008).</ref>  
'''1664:''' As part of the Second Anglo-Dutch War [[New Netherland|New Netherland]] including southeast Pennsylvania is surrendered to the English.<ref>"New Netherland" in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_netherland (accessed 13 December 2008).</ref>  


'''1673-1674:''' A new war breaks out and the Dutch send a large armada to retake New Netherland for a few months. But as the war ends the colony is ceeded to England for the last time.<ref>"New Netherland" in Wikipedia</ref>  
'''1673-1674:''' A new war breaks out and the Dutch send a large armada to retake New Netherland for a few months. But as the war ends the colony is ceeded to England for the last time.<ref>"New Netherland" in Wikipedia</ref>  


'''1680s:''' William Penn founded the colony of Pennsylvania after receiving a grant in 1681 from the king of England. His colony offered religious freedom, liberal government, and inexpensive land. Quakers established the city of Philadelphia.  
'''1680s:''' William Penn founded the English colony of Pennsylvania after receiving a grant in 1681 from the king of England. His colony offered religious freedom, liberal government, and inexpensive land. Quakers established the city of Philadelphia.  


'''1700-1754:''' Welsh, German, and Scotch-Irish groups arrived.  
'''1700-1754:''' Welsh, German, and Scotch-Irish groups arrived.  
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