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=== History === | === History === | ||
[[Albany, New York]] was founded by the Dutch colony of [[New Netherland]] in 1614 and quickly became their premier [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_trade fur trading] center and second largest town. In 1664 [[England]] conquered the former Dutch colony and renamed it [[New York]].<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Albany, New York" in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'' at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albany,_New_York (accessed 2 July 2011).]</ref> | [[Albany, New York]] was founded by the Dutch colony of [[New Netherland]] in 1614 and quickly became their premier [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_trade fur trading] center and second largest town. In 1664 [[England]] conquered the former Dutch colony and renamed it [[New York]]. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Albany, New York" in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'' at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albany,_New_York (accessed 2 July 2011).]</ref> | ||
In 1722 the [[Great Britain|British]] built a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_trade_in_North_America fur trading] post near the mouth of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswego_River_%28New_York%29 Oswego River] on the southeast side of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Ontario Lake Ontario]. In 1727 they constructed log palisades, the first of a series of fortifications in the area. This was the first British military outpost on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Ontario Lake Ontario]. More nearby forts were also added in 1741 and 1755. These forts around the trading post helped establish the British as a power on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Lakes Great Lakes], and were sometimes collectively were called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Oswego Fort Oswego].<ref | In 1722 the [[Great Britain|British]] built a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur_trade_in_North_America fur trading] post near the mouth of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswego_River_%28New_York%29 Oswego River] on the southeast side of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Ontario Lake Ontario]. In 1727 they constructed log palisades, the first of a series of fortifications in the area. This was the first British military outpost on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Ontario Lake Ontario]. More nearby forts were also added in 1741 and 1755. These forts around the trading post helped establish the British as a power on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Lakes Great Lakes], and were sometimes collectively were called <ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Oswego Fort Oswego].</ref> Fort Oswego. | ||
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Trail Indian trails] through the forests existed for hunting, for trading, and for making war. To reach what became [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Oswego Fort Oswego] and build it up, the British most likely improved an already existing Indian path between Albany and Fort Oswego. The route for carrying furs and skins to Albany, for communication, and for military troop and supply movements became known as the '''Mohawk or Iroquois Trail'''. | [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Trail Indian trails] through the forests existed for hunting, for trading, and for making war. To reach what became [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Oswego Fort Oswego] and build it up, the British most likely improved an already existing Indian path between Albany and Fort Oswego. The route for carrying furs and skins to Albany, for communication, and for military troop and supply movements became known as the '''Mohawk or Iroquois Trail'''. | ||
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But New York toll roads eventually had competition. Water travel on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal canals] was less expensive than road tolls. The [[Erie Canal]] was completed in sections: Rome to Utica 1819, Utica to Syracuse 1820, Brockport (west of Rochester) to Albany 1823, and the entire canal Albany to Buffalo opened 1825.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Erie Canal" in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'' at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Central_Railroad (accessed 2 July 2011).</ref> Moreover, several [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railroads railroads] charging about the same as the canal began offering passenger service farther and farther west. Railroad service from Albany to Schenectady began 1831, to Utica 1836, to Auburn 1839, to Rochester in 1841, and to Buffalo in 1842. In 1853 the several railroads were merged into a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Central_Railroad New York Central Railroad] mainline from Albany to Buffalo.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "New York Central Railroad" in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'' at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erie_Canal (accessed 2 July 2011).</ref> The decrease in toll revenues made the old turnpike company unprofitable. By 1852 it was dissolved and the former toll roads from Utica to Buffalo became public roads again.<ref name="Rte5" /> | But New York toll roads eventually had competition. Water travel on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal canals] was less expensive than road tolls. The [[Erie Canal]] was completed in sections: Rome to Utica 1819, Utica to Syracuse 1820, Brockport (west of Rochester) to Albany 1823, and the entire canal Albany to Buffalo opened 1825.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Erie Canal" in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'' at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Central_Railroad (accessed 2 July 2011).</ref> Moreover, several [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railroads railroads] charging about the same as the canal began offering passenger service farther and farther west. Railroad service from Albany to Schenectady began 1831, to Utica 1836, to Auburn 1839, to Rochester in 1841, and to Buffalo in 1842. In 1853 the several railroads were merged into a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Central_Railroad New York Central Railroad] mainline from Albany to Buffalo.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "New York Central Railroad" in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'' at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erie_Canal (accessed 2 July 2011).</ref> The decrease in toll revenues made the old turnpike company unprofitable. By 1852 it was dissolved and the former toll roads from Utica to Buffalo became public roads again.<ref name="Rte5" /> | ||
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=== Route === | === Route === | ||