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==== Status ==== | ==== Status ==== | ||
The burial place of the nobility or clergy was often in the church, under the floor with flat stone markers, in built up monuments, tombs, or even family chapels. In 1633 a burial chapel was built for King Gusaf II Adolf in Riddarholms church in Stockholm which became the pattern for the nobility. For the rest of the 1600’s and 1700’s many parish churches had a burial chapel built. Another tradition was the creation of burial shields (for the nobility) that were carried during the funeral services and eventually mounted on the wall in the parish church. The burial shield might include an epitaph with the design of the deceased persons nobility shield, or even a sculpture carved out of wood which was painted. This practice was even done in rural parish buildings where the noble family had prominence. By 1779 the ecclesiastical government body (prästståndet) began to question the value of burials in the church buildings. In 1815 the practice of burial in the church buildings was forbidden. The nobility or the clergy were given a prominent place in the churchyard instead, often with a little iron fence or a stone edging around the grave. | The burial place of the nobility or clergy was often in the church, under the floor with flat stone markers, in built up monuments, tombs, or even family chapels. In 1633 a burial chapel was built for King Gusaf II Adolf in Riddarholms church in Stockholm which became the pattern for the nobility. For the rest of the 1600’s and 1700’s many parish churches had a burial chapel built. Another tradition was the creation of burial shields (for the nobility) that were carried during the funeral services and eventually mounted on the wall in the parish church. The burial shield might include an epitaph with the design of the deceased persons nobility shield, or even a sculpture carved out of wood which was painted. This practice was even done in rural parish buildings where the noble family had prominence. By 1779 the ecclesiastical government body (prästståndet) began to question the value of burials in the church buildings. In 1815 the practice of burial in the church buildings was forbidden. The nobility or the clergy were given a prominent place in the churchyard instead, often with a little iron fence or a stone edging around the grave. | ||
==== The Sanctity of Burial Places ==== | ==== The Sanctity of Burial Places ==== | ||
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Toward the end of the 1700’s the churchyards became enclosed. In 1776 an official communication was sent out to the parishes stating that the walls around the churchyards should be of stone replacing other constructions that were not as stabile. During the 1700’s there were efforts to plant trees in the churchyards. The hope was that the trees would help improve the smell of the churchyards, especially in overpopulated larger cities. As the population increased during the 1800’s (largely due to peacetime, vaccinations, and potato’s) society had a greater need for additional cemeteries’. This became an acute problem in the cities because of concerns with sanitation. A government ordinance was passed in 1810 to create new cemeteries’ outside of the cities. The first cemetery created to meet this need is part of the [http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norra_begravningsplatsen Norra begravningsplatsen] in Stockholm city that was dedicated in 1827 by Bishop Johan Olof Wallin. As a consequence to epidemics additional cemeteries were created in the 1800’s such as the Kolerakyrkogårdar (Cholera cemeteries’) around the country. These newer cemeteries had a more modern plan, with consistent lot structure, and individual burial places. Even the inscriptions on grave markers from this time period have a greater consistency with birth and death dates, or even scriptural quotations. These markers vary according to social class ranging from the anonymous to the grandiose. Many family graves are from this time period, where the associated lots continue to be reused by family members only. | Toward the end of the 1700’s the churchyards became enclosed. In 1776 an official communication was sent out to the parishes stating that the walls around the churchyards should be of stone replacing other constructions that were not as stabile. During the 1700’s there were efforts to plant trees in the churchyards. The hope was that the trees would help improve the smell of the churchyards, especially in overpopulated larger cities. As the population increased during the 1800’s (largely due to peacetime, vaccinations, and potato’s) society had a greater need for additional cemeteries’. This became an acute problem in the cities because of concerns with sanitation. A government ordinance was passed in 1810 to create new cemeteries’ outside of the cities. The first cemetery created to meet this need is part of the [http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norra_begravningsplatsen Norra begravningsplatsen] in Stockholm city that was dedicated in 1827 by Bishop Johan Olof Wallin. As a consequence to epidemics additional cemeteries were created in the 1800’s such as the Kolerakyrkogårdar (Cholera cemeteries’) around the country. These newer cemeteries had a more modern plan, with consistent lot structure, and individual burial places. Even the inscriptions on grave markers from this time period have a greater consistency with birth and death dates, or even scriptural quotations. These markers vary according to social class ranging from the anonymous to the grandiose. Many family graves are from this time period, where the associated lots continue to be reused by family members only. | ||
==== The Re-use of Burial Plots ==== | |||
Within the Swedish culture there has been a long standing practice to re-use burial plots. By law there is a person or family that is responsible for the care and upkeep of a grave. This right is preserved by contract for normally 25 years. This responsibility includes a fee to the parish or cemetery for the grounds keeping etc. When the duration of the contract has expired, the cemetery authority will contact the responsible party to see if they are interested in renewal. If the responsible party decides to release their right, then the cemetery will remove the grave marker and reuse the burial plot. As the practice of reusing burial plots has been happening for over 100 years, finding a very old ancestral grave with the grave marker is unlikely. On the other hand you can search the cemetery sexton records (or even in databases such as Begravda i Sverige) to locate a burial place. Although gravestones have been removed, and burial plots have been re-used, people still feel a reverence as they pay respect in visiting a churchyard or cemetery. | |||
People of different religious beliefs (other than the Swedish Lutheran Church) have also had their own cemeteries in Sweden. The first Jewish cemetery was created on the island of Kungsholm in Stockholm in 1776. The first Catholic cemetery since the reformation was created within the Norra begravningsplaten in Stockholm in 1847. Immigration to Sweden after the Second World War led to the creation of cemeteries for Muslims and Orthodox Christians. Historically Stockholm has had the highest rate of cremation. The first crematorium in Sweden was built in the Norra begravningsplatsen in Stockholm in 1909. As the preference for cremation has increased, the cemeteries have created places for the placement of urns in the ground, columbarium’s, and memory groves. The urnlunder are places where the urn has been buried and a grave marker has been placed. Columbarium’s are places where the urns have been placed in a structure built onto the church or even a separate building for that purpose. The memory groves are places where the urn has been buried without a grave marker, or in some cases spread in a designated area. | ==== Graves for People of Other Denominations ==== | ||
People of different religious beliefs (other than the Swedish Lutheran Church) have also had their own cemeteries in Sweden. The first Jewish cemetery was created on the island of Kungsholm in Stockholm in 1776. The first Catholic cemetery since the reformation was created within the Norra begravningsplaten in Stockholm in 1847. Immigration to Sweden after the Second World War led to the creation of cemeteries for Muslims and Orthodox Christians. Historically Stockholm has had the highest rate of cremation. The first crematorium in Sweden was built in the Norra begravningsplatsen in Stockholm in 1909. As the preference for cremation has increased, the cemeteries have created places for the placement of urns in the ground, columbarium’s, and memory groves. The urnlunder are places where the urn has been buried and a grave marker has been placed. Columbarium’s are places where the urns have been placed in a structure built onto the church or even a separate building for that purpose. The memory groves are places where the urn has been buried without a grave marker, or in some cases spread in a designated area. | |||
==== Well known Cemeteries’ in Sweden ==== | ==== Well known Cemeteries’ in Sweden ==== | ||
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*[http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A4rvarvskyrkog%C3%A5rden Galärvarvskyrkogården] ''(Swedish)'' | *[http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A4rvarvskyrkog%C3%A5rden Galärvarvskyrkogården] ''(Swedish)'' | ||
*[http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katarina_kyrkog%C3%A5rd Stockholm Katarina kyrkogård] ''(Swedish)'' | *[http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katarina_kyrkog%C3%A5rd Stockholm Katarina kyrkogård] ''(Swedish)'' | ||
*[http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kungliga_begravningsplatsen Stockholm Kungliga begravningsplatsen] ''(Swedish)'' | *[http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kungliga_begravningsplatsen Stockholm Kungliga begravningsplatsen] ''(Swedish)'' | ||
*Solna Kvibergs kyrkogård | *Solna Kvibergs kyrkogård | ||
*Göteborg Maria Magdalena kyrkogård | *Göteborg Maria Magdalena kyrkogård | ||
*[http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norra_begravningsplatsen Stockholm Norra begravningsplatsen] ''(Swedish)'' | *[http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norra_begravningsplatsen Stockholm Norra begravningsplatsen] ''(Swedish)'' | ||
*Stockholm Ravlunda kyrkogård | *Stockholm Ravlunda kyrkogård | ||
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*[http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandsborgskyrkog%C3%A5rden Sandsborgskyrkogården] ''(Swedish)'' | *[http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandsborgskyrkog%C3%A5rden Sandsborgskyrkogården] ''(Swedish)'' | ||
*[http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skogskyrkog%C3%A5rden Stockholm Skogskyrkogården] ''(Swedish)'' | *[http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skogskyrkog%C3%A5rden Stockholm Skogskyrkogården] ''(Swedish)'' | ||
*[http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B6dra_kyrkog%C3%A5rden,_Nacka_kommun Stockholm Södra kyrkogården] ''(Swedish)'' | *[http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B6dra_kyrkog%C3%A5rden,_Nacka_kommun Stockholm Södra kyrkogården] ''(Swedish)'' | ||
*[http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uppsala_gamla_kyrkog%C3%A5rd Nacka Uppsala gamla kyrkogård] ''(Swedish)'' | *[http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uppsala_gamla_kyrkog%C3%A5rd Nacka Uppsala gamla kyrkogård] ''(Swedish)'' | ||
*Väskinde kyrkogård | *Väskinde kyrkogård | ||
*Gotland Östra kyrkogården | *Gotland Östra kyrkogården | ||