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From the fourteenth century in Denmark, the ''foged'' (bailiff) was responsible for law enforcement in his bailiwick. Late in the sixteenth century the ''sorenskriver'' (scribe) in the bailiff's office was appointed to take care of probate cases and prepare the legal documents in connection with the probate. Later the title of ''sorenskriver'' took on the meaning of probate judge. | From the fourteenth century in Denmark, the ''foged'' (bailiff) was responsible for law enforcement in his bailiwick. Late in the sixteenth century the ''sorenskriver'' (scribe) in the bailiff's office was appointed to take care of probate cases and prepare the legal documents in connection with the probate. Later the title of ''sorenskriver'' took on the meaning of probate judge. | ||
{| align="right" border="1" | |||
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! scope="col" bgcolor="d6aed6" | Strategies Using this Record | |||
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| align="left" bgcolor="#ffff79" nowrap="nowrap" | [[Denmark: Finding Birth Information|Birth Information]] | |||
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=== The Probate Process === | === The Probate Process === | ||
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{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="col" | Danish | ! scope="col" | Danish | ||
! scope="col" | English | ! scope="col" | English | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Afdøde/Afgange | | Afdøde/Afgange | ||
| deceased/departed | | deceased/departed | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Aftægtsmand/kone | | Aftægtsmand/kone | ||
| A retired man/wife being supported by the new owner of their farm (usually a child) | | A retired man/wife being supported by the new owner of their farm (usually a child) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Arv/Arvinger/Arve afgift/Arve attest | | Arv/Arvinger/Arve afgift/Arve attest | ||
| Inheritance/heirs/inheritance tax/ | | Inheritance/heirs/inheritance tax/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Arvesummen | | Arvesummen | ||
| the sum of the inheritance | | the sum of the inheritance | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Aar gl. | | Aar gl. | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">Years old</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">Years old</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">Boet</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">Boet</span> | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">the house</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">the house</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">En Broderlod</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">En Broderlod</span> | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">a brother's share of an inheritance (this could be used when talking about a son (having a share with his brothers and sisters) or the deceased's brother)</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">a brother's share of an inheritance (this could be used when talking about a son (having a share with his brothers and sisters) or the deceased's brother)</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">Boslod/Lodseddel</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">Boslod/Lodseddel</span> | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">Certificate for a share or lot</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">Certificate for a share or lot</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">Byfogeden</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">Byfogeden</span> | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">The city baliff</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">The city baliff</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">Dødsanmeldelsesprotokoller</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">Dødsanmeldelsesprotokoller</span> | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">Starting in 1792, all deceased had to be reported to the local probate authorities, whether they were to be probated or not. The reports of the deceased became a compiled record called the Dødsanmeldelsesprotokoller.</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">Starting in 1792, all deceased had to be reported to the local probate authorities, whether they were to be probated or not. The reports of the deceased became a compiled record called the Dødsanmeldelsesprotokoller.</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">Dødsfald</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">Dødsfald</span> | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">death</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">death</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">Efterlade/Efterladte/Efterlevende </span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">Efterlade/Efterladte/Efterlevende </span> | ||
| to leave behind/ the bereaved/the survivors | | to leave behind/ the bereaved/the survivors | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">Ejendele/ Ejer (at ejer)/Ejendom</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">Ejendele/ Ejer (at ejer)/Ejendom</span> | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">Possessions/owns (to own)/Property</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">Possessions/owns (to own)/Property</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">Eksekutorskifte</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">Eksekutorskifte</span> | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">En Enke/Enkemand</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">En Enke/Enkemand</span> | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">Widow/widower</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">Widow/widower</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Formynder | | Formynder | ||
| Guardian | | Guardian | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.906665802001953px; ">Forseglingsprotokoller</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.906665802001953px;">Forseglingsprotokoller</span> | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.906665802001953px; ">Gift</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.906665802001953px;">Gift</span> | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">Married</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">Married</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">Halvdelen</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">Halvdelen</span> | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">A half/a portion</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">A half/a portion</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">Herred</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">Herred</span> | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">the Court District</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">the Court District</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">Hvidebøger</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">Hvidebøger</span> | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">“White Books”; a record of those deceased in Copenhagen that did not have an official probate</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">“White Books”; a record of those deceased in Copenhagen that did not have an official probate</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">Indtægt</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">Indtægt</span> | ||
| Income/revenue/profit | | Income/revenue/profit | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">Jordseddel</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">Jordseddel</span> | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">A Jordseddel or a Muldseddel were certificates or confirmations from the Probate authorities to the deceased’s priest, that they had received notification and registered the death. The priest was not allowed to bury the dead until the probate authorities had received such notification.</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">A Jordseddel or a Muldseddel were certificates or confirmations from the Probate authorities to the deceased’s priest, that they had received notification and registered the death. The priest was not allowed to bury the dead until the probate authorities had received such notification.</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">Kammerjunker</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">Kammerjunker</span> | ||
| Gentleman(?) | | Gentleman(?) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">Kommissarieskifte</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">Kommissarieskifte</span> | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">Kongen</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">Kongen</span> | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">The King</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">The King</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">Kurator</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">Kurator</span> | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">Lavværge (can also be spelled Lauværge)</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">Lavværge (can also be spelled Lauværge)</span> | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">A widow’s guardian who would be present with her during her deceased husband’s probate. Widows had the privilege to choose their own Guardian, which normally was one of her brothers.</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">A widow’s guardian who would be present with her during her deceased husband’s probate. Widows had the privilege to choose their own Guardian, which normally was one of her brothers.</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">Lodseddel/boslod</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">Lodseddel/boslod</span> | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">Mark</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">Mark</span> | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">Former Danish monetary unit. Worth less than a Rigsdaller but more than a skilling</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">Former Danish monetary unit. Worth less than a Rigsdaller but more than a skilling</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">Mindreaarige</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">Mindreaarige</span> | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">Under age</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">Under age</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">Muldseddel</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">Muldseddel</span> | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">See Jordseddel</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">See Jordseddel</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">Myndige/ Myndigheds alderen</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">Myndige/ Myndigheds alderen</span> | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">”of age.” When children were considered adults. The age varied throughout Denmark but on average 15-18 years (considered mindreårige 18-25 years) for men. Women were never recognized as “of age” until 1857, and always had a guardian appointed to them. After 1857, the “of age” age for single women was the same as men. In 1922, everyone was considered “of age” when they turned 21 years old, and today the age is 18.</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">”of age.” When children were considered adults. The age varied throughout Denmark but on average 15-18 years (considered mindreårige 18-25 years) for men. Women were never recognized as “of age” until 1857, and always had a guardian appointed to them. After 1857, the “of age” age for single women was the same as men. In 1922, everyone was considered “of age” when they turned 21 years old, and today the age is 18.</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">Myndigesluttet</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">Myndigesluttet</span> | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">m.f.P.</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">m.f.P.</span> | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">Abbreviation meaning “med ført Pen,” or “with guided pen.” This abbreviation usually appears under the signatures of those witnessing the probate, who either could not write or just needed help with writing.</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">Abbreviation meaning “med ført Pen,” or “with guided pen.” This abbreviation usually appears under the signatures of those witnessing the probate, who either could not write or just needed help with writing.</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">m.p.P.</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">m.p.P.</span> | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">Abbreviation meaning “med påholden Pen,” or “with guided pen”. See “m.f.P.”</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">Abbreviation meaning “med påholden Pen,” or “with guided pen”. See “m.f.P.”</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">Overformynderiet</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">Overformynderiet</span> | ||
| <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px; ">Guardianship records</span> | | <span style="line-height: 19.920000076293945px;">Guardianship records</span> | ||
|} | |} | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
En pige<br>A girl<br>Rd(l), Rigsdaller<br>Former Danish monetary unit. Worth more than a mark or a skilling<br>Registeringsprotokoller | En pige<br>A girl<br>Rd(l), Rigsdaller<br>Former Danish monetary unit. Worth more than a mark or a skilling<br>Registeringsprotokoller | ||
Samfrænder/smafrændeskifte | Samfrænder/smafrændeskifte | ||
Skiftet/Skifter<br>Probate/Probates<br>Skiftebrande | Skiftet/Skifter<br>Probate/Probates<br>Skiftebrande | ||
Skiftebrevet<br>Probate letter<br>Skiftedesignationer | Skiftebrevet<br>Probate letter<br>Skiftedesignationer | ||
Skifteforvalteren | Skifteforvalteren | ||
Skilling<br>Former Danish monetary unit. Worth less than a Rigsdaller or a skilling<br>En Søsterlod | Skilling<br>Former Danish monetary unit. Worth less than a Rigsdaller or a skilling<br>En Søsterlod | ||
Tømmermand<br>Carpenter<br>Udarvinger | Tømmermand<br>Carpenter<br>Udarvinger | ||
Udarvs skifter | Udarvs skifter | ||
Udgivt | Udgivt | ||
Umyndige<br>A minor (children under 18; see Myndige/Myndigheds alder)<br>Vidner<br>Witnesses<br>Vitterlighedsvidner | Umyndige<br>A minor (children under 18; see Myndige/Myndigheds alder)<br>Vidner<br>Witnesses<br>Vitterlighedsvidner | ||
Vurderingsmænd | |||
Værge<br>Guardian. All minors (umyndige) were appointed a guardian, after a parents death, to represent them throughout the probate process. The Guardian appointed was typically the father’s eldest brother (if the father had died), or the father himself (if the mother had died). By law, the guardian must be from the father’s side unless there were no living male relatives of the father, in which case the guardian would be from the mother’s male relatives. | |||
<br> | |||
<br> | |||
[[Danish Probate Language|Probate Language]] | [[Danish Probate Language|Probate Language]] | ||
=== Web Sites === | === Web Sites === | ||
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<br> | <br> | ||
{{Place|Denmark}} | {{Place|Denmark}} | ||
[[Category:Denmark|Probate]] | [[Category:Denmark|Probate]] | ||