Ireland Emigration and Immigration: Difference between revisions

Emigration records are about people leaving a country. Immigration records are about people entering a country. Records of emigration and immigration include passenger lists, permissions to emigrate, records of passports issued, lists of transported prisoners, and registers of assistance to emigrate. These records may contain the name, age, occupation, destination, place of origin or birthplace, date of departure, and date and ship of arrival of the person immigrating or emigrating. Names of fellow passengers may suggest familial relationships or provide hints about a passenger's place of origin or destination.  

== Where Did My Ancestors Come From?  ==

Are you looking for an ancestor who came from Ireland? Do you know a specific place, or only a county? Many people have information that one or more of their ancestors came from Ireland but they don't know where. Start with step 1. Click on a locality to learn more.  

Here are reasons why you should search records in the country where your ancestors settled:  

Records in the country to where your ancestors emigrated can provide clues about where they lived in Ireland. To learn about these records, click on a country where they settled.  

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==== '''Post-1864'''  ====

*Northern Ireland availability: [http://www.nidirect.gov.uk/index/do-it-online/government-citizens-and-rights-online/order-a-birth-adoption-death-marriage-or-civil-partnership-certificate.htm 1845 (marriages); 1864 (births and deaths) to present]

*[[Ireland Taxation|Griffith's Valuation, 1848-1864]]  

== Reasons Irish Emigrated  ==

Generally, the Irishman's reasons for emigrating--if not compelled to do so, to countries abroad were due to an intolerable convergence of circumstances including, but not limited to:  

*'''Military personnel'''. Soldiers serving overseas were offered land or other inducements to settle in the colony where they were serving when they were discharged. This settlement practice was common for soldiers in Australia from 1791, Canada from 1815, and New Zealand from 1844.

== Records of Irish Emigrants in Their Destination Countries  ==

Immigration records of the country to which your ancestor immigrated may help you determine your ancestor's place of origin, occupation, and age. Knowing an approximate date and port of arrival or the name of the ship on which your ancestor sailed will help you search immigration records. Naturalization records in the destination country can be more helpful than immigration records in determining your ancestor's place of origin. To learn more about naturalization records,  read [[Tracing Immigrant Origins|Tracing Immigrant Origins]] or the articles about ''Naturalization and Citizenship'' for each destination country.  

Many immigration records are held in repositories, usually in the destination country. The immigration records that are available at the Family History Library are generally listed in the Place Search of the catalog under:  

See the ''[https://familysearch.org/learningcenter/lesson/irish-emigration-to-north-america-before-during-and-after-the-famine/315 "Irish Emigration to North America: Before, During, and After the Famine"] ''tutorial on FamilySearch.org.  

Immigrant lists from the various ports of entry provide the most information on Irish immigrants to the United States. While several ports of entry existed, the majority of Irish immigrants came through New York. The following published lists and indexes of information on Irish immigrants to America are found in the Family History Library's US/Canada collection:  

*Scott, Kenneth. 1979.''British aliens in the United States during the War of 1812.'' Baltimore, Md: Genealogical Pub. Co. ({{FHL|973 W4s}}) As the War of 1812 began, all residents of the United States from Brtain who had not begun the naturalzation process were considered an enemy of the country. To overcome this status, it was necessary for them to register locally with descriptions of themselves and their family members, how long they had been in the country, their occupation and their residency. This book lists these individuals and their information. It is a very good source of British immigrants prior to passenger lists beginning in 1820.

*Coleman, Terry. ''Going To America.'' New York, New York: Pantheon Books, 1972. (Family History Library {{FHL|25638|title-id|disp=book 973 W2cg}}.)

*The National Archives (KEW): Famine Irish Passenger Record Data File (FIPAS), 12 Jan 1846 to 31 Dec 1851 now available online: [http://aad.archives.gov/aad/fielded-search.jsp?dt=180&tf=F&cat=GP44&bc=sl http://aad.archives.gov/aad/fielded-search.jsp?dt=180&tf=F&cat=GP44&bc=sl].

From 1815 to 1850, Canada was the primary destination of Irish emigrants. Until 1900, the major ports of immigrant arrivals were Quebec City and Halifax. After 1900, arrivals were more widespread. Canadian passenger lists are rare before 1865. Those from 1865 to 1900 are available at the Family History Library. Indexed Passenger lists from 1890-1960 are available at [http://www.findmypast.co.uk/migration.jsp www.findmypast.com].  

'''Australia'''  

*Ellis, Eilish.  Free Settlers in New South Wales in 1828.  The article list those convicts whose good conduct had entitled them to apply to have their wifes and children sent out to join them in New South Wales, Australia, at the expense of the Crown, and the names of those returned as having acutally embarked for Australia. It gives name, ship, wife's maiden name, number of children resident to whom known.  It covers almost all of the Counties in Ireland, 1828-1855. Article in the Irish  Ancestor, vol. XI. no.2. 1979. pages 95-107. Family History Library Ref. 941.5 B2i vol.10-11.  

*Ellis, Eilish. Free Settlers in New South Wales in 1830-31. List of convicts who have applied for their wives and families to be sent to N.S.W. at Govt. expense, listed by county, gives names and addresses, or at least town in county. covers years 1813-1831 Article in The Irish Ancestor vol XII, 1-2 1980 pages 26-34. Family History Library Ref. 941.5 B2i vol.XII, 1-2  also 1828-1832 lists 55 convicts applying for their wives and families to be sent. in The Irish Ancestor, vol. XIII no.1.1981 pages 37-41, FHL Ref. 941.5 B2i vol. XIII no. 1, also year 1835, in The Irish Ancestor vol. XIV, pages 6-13, FHL Ref. 941.5 B2i vol. 14.  Also year 1836, in The Irish ancestor, vol. XVI, no. 1, 1984, pages 37-39, 941.5 B2i. Also year 1835 & 1836, in The Irish Ancestor, vol. XVI,no.2. 1984 pages80-81. FHL Ref. 941.5 B2i

'''New Zealand''' <br>In 1840 the British began colonizing New Zealand. Most immigrants to New Zealand received some form of assistance either from the New Zealand Company or from a government or church association set up to encourage immigration. Besides the age, origin, and occupation, New Zealand immigration records usually include additional details such as the wife's and children's names and ages and details of settlement. Many New Zealand immigration records are available at the Family History Library and are listed in the Place Search of the catalog under:  

also go to familysearch.org, and scroll down to Australia and New Zealand on left handside of screen, and you will see a line for New Zealand Immigration, click on there, and enter a surname only.&nbsp; Gradually the Shipping data is being indexed, and loaded.  

== British Records of Irish Emigration  ==

'''Passenger lists'''. Passenger lists are port records listing departing or arriving passengers. British passenger departure lists are rare before 1890. From January 1890, records were kept of passengers departing from ports in England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. These lists usually give the emigrant's name, age, occupation, departure date, address in the United Kingdom, and sometimes destination. These records are arranged by date and by port of departure. They are kept at the Public Record Office, Kew. The Family History Library does not have copies of these records. Therefore, you may want to check Irish emigrant lists that have been compiled from these records and published in recent years by such authors as Ira A. Glazier, Michael Tepper, and Brian Mitchell.