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''[[United States|United States]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[Oklahoma]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[American Indian Genealogy|American Indian Research]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[ | ''[[United States|United States]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[Oklahoma]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[American Indian Genealogy|American Indian Research]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[Indians_of_Oklahoma]]'' | ||
See also [[Native American Research in Oklahoma|Native American Research in Oklahoma]] and [[Oklahoma Indian Tribes|Oklahoma Indian Tribes]] | See also [[Native American Research in Oklahoma|Native American Research in Oklahoma]] and [[Oklahoma Indian Tribes|Oklahoma Indian Tribes]] | ||
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== Tribes and Bands of Oklahoma == | == Tribes and Bands of Oklahoma == | ||
[[Image:Okterritory.png|thumb|400px]] | [[Image:Okterritory.png|thumb|400px|Okterritory.png]] | ||
The following list of American Indians who have lived in Oklahoma has been compiled from Hodge's ''Handbook of American Indians...''<ref>Hodge, Frederick Webb. ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico''. Washington D.C.:Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #30 1907. [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/handbook_american_indians.htm Available online].</ref> and from Swanton's ''The Indian Tribes of North America''<ref>Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/oklahoma/index.htm Available online].</ref>. Some may simply be variant spellings for the same tribe. | The following list of American Indians who have lived in Oklahoma has been compiled from Hodge's ''Handbook of American Indians...''<ref>Hodge, Frederick Webb. ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico''. Washington D.C.:Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #30 1907. [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/handbook_american_indians.htm Available online].</ref> and from Swanton's ''The Indian Tribes of North America''<ref>Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/oklahoma/index.htm Available online].</ref>. Some may simply be variant spellings for the same tribe. | ||
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*Tuskegee | *Tuskegee | ||
*[[United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma|United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee]] | *[[United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma|United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee]] | ||
== Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs == | == Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs == | ||
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*[[Wewoka Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Wewoka Agency]], P. O. Box 1060, Wewaka, OK, 74884 | *[[Wewoka Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Wewoka Agency]], P. O. Box 1060, Wewaka, OK, 74884 | ||
*[[Wichita Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Wichita Agency]] | *[[Wichita Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Wichita Agency]] | ||
=== Records'=== | |||
The Indian Archives Division of the Oklahoma Historical Society has an extensive collection for Native American research including copies of the Dawes Rolls. Many of these records are on microfilm at the'''Family History Library'''. | |||
Rolls of Indian Tribes in Oklahoma 1889-1891: Absentee Shawnee (Big Jim's Band), Cheyenne and Arapahoe, Iowa, Kickapoo, Kiowa, Comanche, and Apache, Otoe, Missouri, Pawnee, Ponca, Pottawatomie and Fox. by Emily Johnson FHL film: 227281 | |||
Approved Roll of Osage Indians in Oklahoma, 1921. FHL film: 989199 item 2 | |||
Vital Records Fort Sill Apaches, 1958-1961 FHL film: 928251 item 8 | |||
==== School Records ==== | |||
*Carter Seminary, 1928-1950. FHL film: 1205529 item 2-6 | |||
*Chilcocco Indian School 1885-1901,1944-1952 FHL film: 1205529 items 7-13 | |||
*Eucheee Indian School lists, 1940-1947. FHL film: 1205529 item 14 | |||
*Eufaula Indian School enrollment lists, 1942-1944, 1949-1950. FHL film: 1205529 item 15-16 | |||
*Jones Academy 1926-1952, FHL film: 1205530 items 3-5 and 1205299 items 2-3 | |||
*Seneca Indian School. 1943-1950. FHL film: 1205530 items 7-8 | |||
*Sequoyah Indian School 1910-1950. FHL film: 1205530 items 9-11, and 1205531, and 1205299 item 4 | |||
== Indian Schools == | == Indian Schools == | ||
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*[[Pawnee-Ponca Indian Hospital (Oklahoma)|Pawnee-Ponca Hospital]] | *[[Pawnee-Ponca Indian Hospital (Oklahoma)|Pawnee-Ponca Hospital]] | ||
*[[Shawnee Indian Sanatorium (Oklahoma)|Shawnee Sanatorium]] | *[[Shawnee Indian Sanatorium (Oklahoma)|Shawnee Sanatorium]] | ||
=== '''Land allotment records''' === | === '''Land allotment records''' === | ||
{{Main|American Indian Allotment Records}} | {{Main|American Indian Allotment Records}} | ||
Many Indians received allotments of land. These records are described in the United States Research Outline (30972). | Many Indians received allotments of land. These records are described in the United States Research Outline (30972). | ||
=== '''Dawes Rolls''' === | === '''Dawes Rolls''' === | ||
{{Main|Dawes Commission Enrollment Records for Five U.S. Indian Tribes}} | {{Main|Dawes Commission Enrollment Records for Five U.S. Indian Tribes}} | ||
The Dawes “Commission to the Five Civilized Tribes” was established in 1898 to enroll individuals as citizens of one of the five tribes. When the governments of the Five Civilized Tribes were dissolved in 1908, the U.S. Government granted parcels of their land to qualified native individuals. | The Dawes “Commission to the Five Civilized Tribes” was established in 1898 to enroll individuals as citizens of one of the five tribes. When the governments of the Five Civilized Tribes were dissolved in 1908, the U.S. Government granted parcels of their land to qualified native individuals. | ||
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=== '''Guion Miller Cherokee Rolls''' === | === '''Guion Miller Cherokee Rolls''' === | ||
{{Main|The U.S. Eastern Cherokee or Guion Miller Roll}} | {{Main|The U.S. Eastern Cherokee or Guion Miller Roll}} | ||
In 1906, the U.S. Government appointed Guion Miller to compile a roll of Cherokees eligible for compensation from the government for lands taken in the 1830s. Applicants had to document their lineage back to an Eastern Cherokee living in the 1830s and prove that they had not affiliated with any other tribe. Over 45,000 applications that document about 90,000 Cherokees living about 1910 are in Eastern Cherokee Applications, 1906-1909 {{FHL|209173|title-id|disp=(On 348 Family History Library films beginning with 378594; film 378594 has an index.)}} | In 1906, the U.S. Government appointed Guion Miller to compile a roll of Cherokees eligible for compensation from the government for lands taken in the 1830s. Applicants had to document their lineage back to an Eastern Cherokee living in the 1830s and prove that they had not affiliated with any other tribe. Over 45,000 applications that document about 90,000 Cherokees living about 1910 are in Eastern Cherokee Applications, 1906-1909 {{FHL|209173|title-id|disp=(On 348 Family History Library films beginning with 378594; film 378594 has an index.)}} | ||
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These rolls can be searched online at http://www.archives.gov/research/arc/native-americans-guion-miller.html | These rolls can be searched online at http://www.archives.gov/research/arc/native-americans-guion-miller.html | ||
== | == Reservations == | ||
From the mid-1800s, the official policy of the United States government toward the American Indian was to confine each tribe to a specific parcel of land called a reservation. Agencies were established on or near each reservation. A government representative, usually called an agent (or superintendent) was assigned to each agency. Their duties included maintaining the peace, making payments to the Native Americans based on the stipulations of the treaties with each tribe, and providing a means of communication between the native population and the federal government. | |||
Sometimes, a single agency had jurisdiction over more than one reservation. And sometimes, if the tribal population and land area required it, an agency may have included sub-agencies. | |||
The boundaries of reservations, over time, have changed. Usually, that means the reservations have been reduced in size. Sometimes, especially during the later policy of "termination," the official status of reservations was ended altogether. | |||
=== | For a current reservation map - [http://nationalatlas.gov/printable/printableViewer.htm?imgF=images/preview/fedlands/OK.gif&imgW=588&imgH=450 Oklahoma - Indian Reservations ]- The National Atlas of the United States of America. Federal Lands and Indian Reservations. by the U.S. Department of Interior and U.S. Geological Survey. | ||
The Indian | The following list of reservations has been compiled from the ''National Atlas of the United States of America''<ref>National Atlas of the United States of America -- Federal Lands and Indian Reservations [http://www.nationalatlas.gov/printable/images/pdf/fedlands/ok.pdf Available online.]</ref>, the ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''<ref>Isaacs. Katherine M., editor. ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''. U.S. Data Sourcebook, Volume 11 Appendices, Bureau of Indian Affairs List of American Indian Reservations, Appendix E, Indian Reservations. Omnigraphics, Inc., 1991.</ref>, and other sources. Those reservations named in '''bold''' are current federally-recognized reservations, with their associated agency and tribe(s). Others have historically been associated with the state or are not currently recognized by the federal government.<br> | ||
*[[Absentee Shawnee Indian Reservation (Oklahoma)|Absentee-Shawnee Reservation]] | |||
*[[Apache Indian Reservation (Oklahoma)|Apache Reservation]] | |||
*[[Caddo Indian Reservation (Oklahoma)|Caddo Reservation]] | |||
*[[Cherokee Indian Reservation (Oklahoma)|Cherokee Reservation]]: Federal, under the jurisdiction of Thlequah Agency, Tribe: Cherokee | |||
*[[Cheyenne and Arapaho Indian Reservation (Oklahoma)|Cheyenne-Arapho Reservation]]: Federal, under the jurisdiction of Concho Agency, Tribes: Cheyenne & Arapho | |||
*[[Chickasaw Indian Reservation (Oklahoma)|Chickasaw Reservation]]: Federal, under the jurisdiction of Ardmore Agency, Tribe:Chickasaw | |||
*[[Choctaw Indian Reservation (Oklahoma)|Choctaw Reservation]]: Federal, under the jurisdiction of Talihina Agency, Tribe Choctaw | |||
*[[Kiowa and Comanche Indian Reservation (Oklahoma)|Comanche Reservation]]: Federal, under the jurisdiction of Anadarko Agency, Tribe: Comanche | |||
*[[Creek Indian Reservation (Oklahoma)|Creek Reservation]]: Federal, under the jurisdiction of Okmulgee Agency, Tribe: Creek | |||
*[[Iowa Indian Reservation (Oklahoma)|Iowa Reservation]]: Federal, under the jurisdiction of Shawnee Agency, Tribe: Iowa | |||
*[[Kansa Indian Reservation (Oklahoma)|Kansa (or Kaw) Reservation]]: Federal, under the jurisdiction of Pawnee Agency, Tribe: Kaw | |||
*[[Kickapoo Indian Reservation (Oklahoma)|Kickapoo Reservation]]: under the jurisdiction of Shawnee Aggency, Tribe: Kickapoo | |||
*[[Kiowa and Comanche Indian Reservation (Oklahoma)|Kiowa Reservation]]: Federal, under the jurisdiction of Anadarko Agency, Tribe: Kiowa | |||
*[[Modoc Indian Reservation (Oklahoma)|Modoc Reservation]]: Federal, under the jurisdiction of the Miami Agency, Tribe: Modoc | |||
*[[Osage Indian Reservation (Oklahoma)|'''Osage''' Reservation]]: Federal, under the jurisdiction of the Osage Agency, Tribe: Osage | |||
*[[Oto Indian Reservation (Oklahoma)|Oto Reservation]]:*Otoe-Missouria Tribe: Federal, under the jurisdiction of Pawnee Agency, Tribe Ote-Missouria | |||
*[[Ottawa Indian Reservation (Oklahoma)|Ottawa Reservation]]: Federal, under the jurisdiction of Miami Agency, Tribe: Ottawa | |||
*[[Pawnee Indian Reservation (Oklahoma)|Pawnee Reservation]]: Federal, uncer the jurisdiction of Pawnee Agency, Tribe: Pawnee | |||
*[[Pawnee Indian Reservation (Oklahoma)|Peoria Reservation]]: Federal, under the jurisdiction of Miami Agency, Tribe: Peoria | |||
*[[Ponca Indian Reservation (Oklahoma)|Ponca Reservation]]: Federal, under the jurisdiction of Pawnee Agnency, Tribe: Ponca | |||
*[[Potawatomi Indian Reservation (Oklahoma)|Potawatomi Reservation]]: | |||
*[[Quapaw Indian Reservation (Oklahoma)|Quapaw Reservation]]: Federal, under the jurisdiction of Miami Agency, Tribe: Quapaw | |||
*[[Sac and Fox Indian Reservation (Oklahoma)|Sac and Fox Reservation]]: federal, under the jurisdiction of Shawnee Agency, Tribe: Sac and Fox | |||
*[[Seminole Indian Reservation (Oklahoma)|Seminole Reservation]]: Federal, under the jurisdiction of Wewoka Agency, Tribe: Seminole | |||
*[[Seneca Indian Reservation (Oklahoma)|Seneca Reservation]]:*Seneca-Cayuga Tribe: Federal, under the jurisdiction of Miami Agency, Tribe: Seneco-Cayuga | |||
*[[Wichita Indian Reservation (Oklahoma)|Wichita Reservation]]: Federal, under the jurisdiction of Anadarko Agency, Tribe: Wichita | |||
*[[Wyandot Indian Reservation (Oklahoma)|Wyandot Reservation]]: Federal, under the jurisdiction of Miami Agency, Tribe: Wyandot<br> | |||
=== '''Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) Records''' === | |||
The U.S. [[Bureau of Indian Affairs|Bureau of Indian Affairs]] (BIA) was authorized to administer Indian programs beginning in 1824. A local field agency or subagency of the BIA served the tribes in a given area. Some of the agencies that served Oklahoma were the Concho, Kiowa, Osage, Pawnee, Quapaw, and Shawnee. Most of the agency records are at the [[National Archives Southwest Region (Ft. Worth)]], with a few at the [http://www.archives.gov/central-plains/kansas-city/ National Archives—Central Plains Region]. For further information see Edward E. Hill, comp., ''Guide to Records in the National Archives Relating to American Indians.'' Washington, D.C.: National Archives, 1981. {{FHL|207428|title-id|disp=(Family History Library fiche 6125461.)}} | |||
The Family History Library has microfilm copies of many records of the BIA and the field agencies including: | |||
* | *Land allotment records. | ||
* | *Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940, arranged by agencies for the entire United States {{FHL|573847|film|disp=(On 692 Family Histroy Library films beginning with 573847).}} | ||
* | *BIA heirship, school, census, annuity, probate, land, vital, and other records. | ||
== Family History Library == | == Family History Library == | ||
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Five Civilized Tribes Museum<br>Federal Building <br>Agency Hill<br>Honor Heights Drive<br>Muskogee, OK 74401<br>Telephone: 918-683-1701<br>Fax: 918-683-3070<br>Internet: [http://www.fivetribes.org/ www.fivetribes.org] | Five Civilized Tribes Museum<br>Federal Building <br>Agency Hill<br>Honor Heights Drive<br>Muskogee, OK 74401<br>Telephone: 918-683-1701<br>Fax: 918-683-3070<br>Internet: [http://www.fivetribes.org/ www.fivetribes.org] | ||
*Oklahoma Historical Society - Indain Archive Division Cherokee | *Oklahoma Historical Society - Indain Archive Division Cherokee 129 films {{FHL|529945|title-id|disp=Family History Library 1st film 1666294}}, Chickasaw 31 films 1st film 1666136, Choctaw 90 films 1st film 1666451, Creek 51 films Family History Library1st film 1666121, and Seminole 6 films 1st film 1666130 | ||
*Dawes Commission Rolls - Commission to the Five Civilized Tribes (cards, Index M1186 and Applicaiton M1301) | *Dawes Commission Rolls - Commission to the Five Civilized Tribes (cards, Index M1186 and Applicaiton M1301) | ||
*Guion Miller Rolls (M1104) | *Guion Miller Rolls (M1104) | ||
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*Southern Superintendency 22 films M640 {{FHL|589948|title-id|disp=Family History Library 1st film 1602871}} | *Southern Superintendency 22 films M640 {{FHL|589948|title-id|disp=Family History Library 1st film 1602871}} | ||
*Muskogee Area Office 12 films {{FHL|237236|title-id|disp=Family History Library 1st film 1205785}} | *Muskogee Area Office 12 films {{FHL|237236|title-id|disp=Family History Library 1st film 1205785}} | ||
*Indian Pioneer Papers 1860-1935 1012 fiches {{FHL|505140|title-id|disp=Family History Library | *Indian Pioneer Papers 1860-1935 1012 fiches {{FHL|505140|title-id|disp=Family History Library 1st fiche 6016865}} | ||
=== '''Inventories and guides''' === | === '''Inventories and guides''' === | ||
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== Doris Duke Oral History Project == | == Doris Duke Oral History Project == | ||
From 1966 to 1972, several universities conducted oral history interviews with Native Americans. The project was funded by Doris Duke, heiress of the Duke tobacco family. The University of Oklahoma was one of the universities that participated in the project. [http://digital.libraries.ou.edu/whc/duke/ Transcripts] of those interviews are online through the University of Oklahoma in Norman. See [[American Indian Oral Histories]] | From 1966 to 1972, several universities conducted oral history interviews with Native Americans. The project was funded by Doris Duke, heiress of the Duke tobacco family. The University of Oklahoma was one of the universities that participated in the project. [http://digital.libraries.ou.edu/whc/duke/ Transcripts] of those interviews are online through the University of Oklahoma in Norman. See [[American Indian Oral Histories]] | ||
== Indian Pioneer Papers == | == Indian Pioneer Papers == | ||
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*[http://www.felihkatubbe.com/ChoctawNation/index.html Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory ]<br> | *[http://www.felihkatubbe.com/ChoctawNation/index.html Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory ]<br> | ||
{{American Indian}} {{Oklahoma|Oklahoma}} | {{American Indian}} {{Oklahoma|Oklahoma}} | ||
[[Category:Oklahoma]] [[Category:Biography]] [[Category:Indians_of_the_United_States]] | [[Category:Oklahoma]] [[Category:Biography]] [[Category:Indians_of_the_United_States]] | ||