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This list contains German words with their English translations. On most computers, CTL+F will search this page for the word you wish to translate. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a German-English dictionary. Latin words are often found in German records, and a few are included in this list. See the [[Latin Genealogical Word List|Latin Word List]] (34077).
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==Introduction==


German is spoken in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria. Records written in German may be found in these countries and also in parts of Poland, Denmark, Luxembourg, Czech Republic, Hungary, and wherever German people settled. There are several different dialects in the German language. For example, in the province of Westfalen and other areas of Germany that border the Netherlands, you may notice words that are closely related to Dutch words. You may find the Dutch word list useful when working with these records.  
This list contains German words with their English translations. On most computers, simultaneously pressing CTRL and F (Command and F, if on a Mac) will search this page for the word you wish to translate. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a German-English dictionary, the online [http://www.woerterbuchnetz.de/DWB Grimm Deutsches Wörterbuch] (one of the best sources), or other regional online dictionaries found at [http://www.woerterbuchnetz.de woerterbuchnetz.de]. Latin words are often found in German records, and a few are included in this list. See the [[Latin Genealogical Word List|Latin Genealogical Word List]] (34077).  


In addition, German is found in some early records of the United States, such as in Pennsylvania, Texas, Wisconsin, and other states where Germans lived.  
German is spoken in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria. Records written in German may be found in these countries and also in parts of Poland, Denmark, Luxembourg, Czechia, Hungary, and wherever German people settled. There are several different dialects in the German language. For example, in the province of Westfalen and other areas of Germany that border the Netherlands, you may notice words that are closely related to Dutch. You may find the [[Dutch Genealogical Word List|Dutch Genealogical Word List]] useful when working with these records.  


=== Language Characteristics  ===
In addition, German is found in some early records of the United States, such as in Pennsylvania, Texas, Wisconsin, and other states where Germans lived.


German words for persons, places, and things (nouns) are always capitalized. All nouns are classified as masculine, feminine, or neuter. This classification is called gender. The gender of a noun is indicated by der (masculine), die (feminine), and das (neuter), which translates as "the." Word endings may vary, depending on the way the words are used in the sentence.
==Language Characteristics==


'''Variant Forms of Words'''
German words for persons, places, and things (nouns) are always capitalized. All nouns are classified as masculine, feminine, or neuter. This classification is called gender. The gender of a noun is indicated by der (masculine), die (feminine), and das (neuter), all three of which translate as "the." Word endings may vary depending on the way the words are used in the sentence.


In German, as in English, the forms of some words will vary according to how they are used in the sentence. Who—whose—whom or marry—marries— married are examples of words in English with variant forms. In German, the form of many words can change greatly. This word list gives the standard form of each German word. As you read German records, you will need to be aware that some words vary with usage.  
===Variant Forms of Words===
In German, as in English, the forms of some words will vary according to how they are used in the sentence. Who—whose—whom or marry—marries—married are examples of words in English with variant forms. In German, the form of many words can change greatly. This word list focuses on the standard form of each German word. As you read German records, you will need to be aware that some words vary with usage.  


The endings of words in a document may differ from those on this list. For example, the document may use the word junger, but you will find it in this word list as jung. In addition, the suffixes -chen and -lein are often added to words to indicate "little." Therefore, the word Söhnchen means "little or young son," and Töchterlein means "little or young daughter."
The endings of words in a document may differ from those on this list. For example, the document may use the word junger, but you will find it in this word list as jung. In addition, the suffixes -chen and -lein are often added to words to indicate "little"; when one of these suffixes is added, the vowel usually changes slightly. Therefore, the word Söhnchen means "little or young son" (Sohn = son) and Töchterlein means "little or young daughter" (Tochter = daughter).  


Adjectives describe nouns and must have the proper masculine, feminine, or neuter endings. For example, in German you would say "junger Mann" (young man) or "junges Mädchen" (young maiden) if man and maiden are the subjects of a sentence. Adjective endings can change depending on usage and gender.  
Adjectives describe nouns and must have the proper masculine, feminine, or neuter endings. For example, in German you would say "junger Mann" (young man), "junges Mädchen" (young maiden), or "junge Frau" (young woman) if a man, maiden, and woman are the subjects of a sentence. Adjective endings can change depending on usage and gender.  


Plural words are usually formed by adding -er, -en, or -e. Thus the word Kind becomes Kinder, Frau becomes Frauen, and Aufgebot becomes Aufgebote. Plurality may also change the vowel slightly. For example, Mann becomes Männer.  
Plural words are usually formed by adding -er, -en, or -e. Thus the word Kind becomes Kinder, Frau becomes Frauen, and Aufgebot becomes Aufgebote. Plurality may also change the vowel slightly. For example, Mann becomes Männer.  


In German, many words are formed by joining two or more words. Very few of these compound words are included in this list. You will need to look up each part of the word separately. For example, Geburtstag is a combination of two words, Geburt (birth) and Tag (day).  
In German, many words are formed by joining two or more words together. Very few of these compound words are included in this list. You will need to look up each part of the word separately. For example, Geburtstag is a combination of two words: Geburt (birth) and Tag (day).  
 
===Dialects===
Germany has a range of different dialects. These can be grouped into two main groups: Low German spoken in the northern lowlands of Germany, and High German spoken in the more mountainous south. Traditional dialects form a continuum as opposed to sharp charges, with dialects slowing becoming more "Low German" as one moves towards the north. Dutch dialects can be viewed as a continuation of this continuum. 


=== Diacritic Marks  ===
High German has become the most "standard" dialect of German. See these wiki articles for specific information on Low German: [[Low German Language in German Research]], [[The Dialect Basis of Spelling Variation in German Surnames]], [[Spelling Variants in the Northern Rheinland]].


Written German uses several letters in addition to the 26 letters used in the English alphabet. These are Ä (ä), Ö (ö), Ü (ü), and ß. Historically, German also included Ÿ (ÿ) which today have been primarily replaced phonetically with the letters I (i) and Ü (ü).
==Diacritic Marks==


For data entry and some searches, it is useful to know how to create these characters. Note: Do not use diacritics when searching in the Family History Library catalog.  
German uses diacritics over several letters, i.e. Ä (ä), Ö (ö), Ü (ü). These diacritics are not optional in German because the pronunciation and meaning of a word will be changed depending on whether the diacritic is added or omitted. There is another symbol that will be found in German, namely ß.  It has the value of <ss>. Historically, German also included Ÿ (ÿ) which today has been replaced with the letters I (i) and Ü (ü).  


From a PC keyboard, these letters may be created by using the following keystroke combinations:
For data entry and some searches, it is useful to know how to create these characters. Note: Do not use diacritics when searching in the FamilySearch Catalog.


{| border="1" width="100%"
From a PC keyboard, these letters may be created by using the following keystroke combinations.  Make sure the '''''number lock''''' is on.
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''Letter'''  
| width="25%" |'''Letter'''
| width="25%" | '''Code'''  
| width="25%" |'''Code'''
| width="25%" | '''Letter'''  
| width="25%" |'''Letter'''
| width="25%" | '''Code'''
| width="25%" |'''Code'''
|-
|-
| Ä  
|Ä
| Alt + 0196
|Alt + 142
| ä  
|ä
| Alt + 0228
|Alt + 132
|-
|-
| Ö  
|Ö
| Alt + 0214
|Alt + 153
| ö  
|ö
| Alt + 0246
|Alt + 148
|-
|-
| Ü  
|Ü
| Alt + 0220
|Alt + 154
| ü  
|ü
| Alt + 0252
|Alt + 129
|-
|-
| ß  
|ß
| Alt + 0223
|Alt + 225
| &nbsp;
|  
| &nbsp;
|  
|-
|-
| Ÿ  
|Ÿ
| Alt + 0159
|Alt + 376
| ÿ  
|ÿ
| Alt + 0255
|Alt + 152
|}
|}
On a Linux system it is possible to use a control combination with the Unicode code for the characters.  Using the '''left''' Ctrl and Shift keys and the U key at the same time, then type the code and hit Enter.  For example, left Ctrl-Shift-U then c then 4 then enter will produce Ä, Ctrl-Shift-U then dc is Ü, and so on.  For a complete list of codes, reference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Unicode_characters.


=== Alphabetical Order ===
==Alphabetical Order==


German letters with diacritic marks will be alphabetized in this publication as though they were a, o, u, and ss. However, many dictionaries and gazetteers will alphabetize these characters as if they were ae, oe, ue, and ss.  
German letters with diacritic marks will be alphabetized in this publication as though they were a, o, u, and ss. However, many dictionaries and gazetteers will alphabetize these characters as if they were ae, oe, ue, and ss.  


=== Spelling ===
==Spelling==


Because spelling rules were not standardized in earlier centuries, spelling variations are common. Local dialect often affects the spelling in genealogical records. In German records, the following letters are sometimes used interchangeably:  
Because spelling rules were not standardized in earlier centuries, spelling variations are common. Local dialect often affects the spelling in genealogical records, and a person's name may show up spelled in numerous ways in various records (sometimes even within a single record). In German records, the following letters are sometimes used interchangeably:  


*p used for b  
*p used for b
*a used for e  
*a used for e
*t used for d or dt  
*t used for d or dt
*s used for z  
*s used for z
*ck used for k  
*ck used for k
*y used for i or j  
*y used for i or j
*v used for w or f  
*v used for w or f
*k used for g  
*k used for g
*tz used for z  
*tz used for z
*ig used for isch or ich  
*ig used for isch or ich
*t used for th  
*t used for th
*u used for i
*u used for i


Examples:  
Examples:  


*Freytag for Freitag  
*Freytag for Freitag
*Burckhart for Burkhard  
*Burckhart for Burkhard
*Waldpurga for Waldburga  
*Waldpurga for Waldburga
*undt for und
*undt for und


=== Additional Resources ===
== Transcription ==
 
In transcriptions of German handwriting some errors are prevalent:
 
*n transcribed u or w
*e transcribed n or r
*r transcribed s
*Z transcribed F, G, J, or L
*z transcribed g or y
 
== Transliteration ==
 
Transliteration between languages (especially in personal names) is seen as a result of migration and due to the geographical proximity of languages. The German letters s and z are notably affected. As such, e.g., a German name containing the letter s is likely to appear with the letters sz in Hungarian.
 
* German s = Hungarian sz
* German sh = Hungarian s
* German z = Hungarian cz = Dutch s


This word list includes only words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For further help, use a German-English dictionary. Several German-English dictionaries are available in the Family History Library. These are in the European collection. The call numbers begin with 433.21.  
==Additional Resources==
 
This word list includes only words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For further help, use a German-English dictionary. Several German-English dictionaries are available in the FamilySearch Library. These are in the European collection. The call numbers begin with 433.21.  


Particularly helpful dictionaries include:  
Particularly helpful dictionaries include:  


*''Langenscheidt New Muret-Sanders Encyclopedic Dictionary of the English and German Languages''. Berlin, Germany: Langenscheidt, 1969, 1974 (FHL book 433.21 Sp83n).
*''Langenscheidt New Muret-Sanders Encyclopedic Dictionary of the English and German Languages''. Berlin, Germany: Langenscheidt, 1969, 1974 (FS Library book 433.21 Sp83n).


*''The New Cassell’s German Dictionary, German-English, English-German''. New York, NY, USA: Funk and Wagnalls, Inc., 1971 (FHL book 433.211 C272 1971).
*''The New Cassell’s German Dictionary, German-English, English-German''. New York, NY, USA: Funk and Wagnalls, Inc., 1971 (FS Library book 433.211 C272 1971).


*''Rudy's List of Archaic Medical Terms''. German and Latin terms are included at this [http://www.antiquusmorbus.com/ website].
*''Rudy's List of Archaic Medical Terms''. German and Latin terms are included at this [http://www.antiquusmorbus.com/ website].
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*''Das Deutsche Wörterbuch / Deutsches Wörterbuch (DWB, The "German Dictionary" / "German Dictionary")'' is one of the most important dictionaries of the German language. Written entirely in German, the dictionary contains 32 volumes and includes about 350,000 main entries. It is particularly useful for finding the meaning of words in genealogical documents that are no longer used in modern German. See the online version by clicking [http://www.dwb.uni-trier.de/ here].
*''Das Deutsche Wörterbuch / Deutsches Wörterbuch (DWB, The "German Dictionary" / "German Dictionary")'' is one of the most important dictionaries of the German language. Written entirely in German, the dictionary contains 32 volumes and includes about 350,000 main entries. It is particularly useful for finding the meaning of words in genealogical documents that are no longer used in modern German. See the online version by clicking [http://www.dwb.uni-trier.de/ here].


Additional dictionaries are listed in the subject section of the Family History Library Catalog under GERMAN LANGUAGE - DICTIONARIES or in the locality section under GERMANY - LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES.  
*''[http://www.kruenitz1.uni-trier.de/ Oeconomische Encyclopädie online]'' Encyclopedia of archaic German terms (German to German).


'''A wiki article describing an online collection is found at:'''
Additional dictionaries are listed in the subject section of the FamilySearch Catalog under GERMAN LANGUAGE - DICTIONARIES or in the locality section under GERMANY - LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES.


[https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Germany,_Saxony,_Freiberg_Funeral_Sermons_%28FamilySearch_Historical_Records%29 Germany, Saxony, Freiberg Funeral Sermons (FamilySearch Historical Records)]
*[https://script.byu.edu/german-handwriting/introduction BYU Script German Tutorials]


For resources showing how any name or word looks written in the old German script, see Language Aids at [[Germany Languages]].


 
==Key Words==
=== Key Words ===


To find and use specific types of German records, you will need to know some key words in German. This section gives key genealogical terms in English and the German words with the same or similar meanings.  
To find and use specific types of German records, you will need to know some key words in German. This section gives key genealogical terms in English and the German words with the same or similar meanings.  
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{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''English'''  
| width="25%" |'''English'''
| '''German'''
|'''German'''
|-
|-
| birth  
|birth
| Geburten, Geburtsregister, Geborene, geboren
|Geburten, Geburtsregister, Geborene, geboren
|-
|-
| burial  
|burial
| Beerdigungen, begraben, Begräbnisse, bestattet, beerdigt
|Beerdigungen, begraben, Begräbnisse, bestattet, beerdigt
|-
|-
| Catholic  
|Catholic
| katholisch
|katholisch
|-
|-
| child
|census
| Kind, Kinder
|Volkszählung
|-
|-
| christening
|child
| Taufe, Taufen, Getaufte
|Kind, Kinder
|-
|-
| confirmations
|christening
| Konfirmationen, Firmungen
|Taufe, Taufen, Getaufte
|-
|-
| civil registry
|confirmations
| Standesamt
|Konfirmationen, Firmungen
|-
|-
| death
|civil registry
| Tote, Tod, sterben, starb, verstorben, gestorben, Sterbefall
|Standesamt
|-
|-
| father
|death
| Vater
|Tote, Tod, sterben, starb, verstorben, gestorben, Sterbefall
|-
|-
| husband
|father
| Mann, Ehemann, Gatte
|Vater
|-
|-
| index
|husband
| Verzeichnis, Register
|Mann, Ehemann, Gatte
|-
|-
| Jewish
|index
| jüdisch, Jude(n), israelitisch
|Verzeichnis, Register
|-
|-
| marriage banns
|Jewish
| Proklamationen, Aufgebote, Verkündigungen
|jüdisch, Jude(n), israelitisch
|-
|-
| marriage  
|marriage banns
| Heiraten, Trauungen, Getraute, Ehe, Kopulation, kopulieren, verheiratet, Verehelichungen, Eheschliessungen
|Proklamationen, Aufgebote, Verkündigungen
|-
|-
| month
|marriage
| Monat
|Heiraten, Trauungen, Getraute, Ehe, Kopulation, kopulieren, verheiratet, Verehelichungen, Eheschliessungen
|-
|-
| mother
|month
| Mutter
|Monat
|-
|-
| name, given
|mother
| Vorname, Name
|Mutter
|-
|-
| name, surname
|name, given
| Zuname, Familienname, Geschlechtsname, Name
|Vorname, Name
|-
|-
| parents
|name, surname
| Eltern
|Zuname, Familienname, Geschlechtsname, Name
|-
|-
| parish
|parents
| Pfarrei, Kirchspiel, Gemeinde
|Eltern
|-
|-
| Protestant
|parish
| evangelisch, lutherisch, Protestant
|Pfarrei, Kirchspiel, Gemeinde
|-
|-
| Reformed
|Protestant
| reformiert
|evangelisch, lutherisch, Protestant
|-
|-
| wife
|Reformed
| Frau, Ehegattin, Weib, Ehefrau, Hausfrau, Gattin
|reformiert
|-
|-
| year  
|wife
| Jahr
|Frau, Ehefrau, Hausfrau, Weib, Eheweib, Gattin, Ehegattin
|-
|year
|Jahr
|}
|}


=== General Word List  ===
==Dates/Time==


Note: In German, letters with diacritical marks are alphabetized as if they did not have a diacritical mark. In some other languages, they are alphabetized separately.  
In German records, dates are often written out. For example:
 
Freitag den vierzehnten Februar achtzehnhundert sechs und dreißig [Friday, the 14th of February, eighteen hundred six and thirty (1836)].  
 
To understand German dates, use the following lists as well as the “Numbers” section on this wiki page.


==== A  ====
===Months===


{| width="100%" border="1"
{|
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
|'''English'''
| '''English'''
|'''German'''
|-
|-
| A. = Amt, Amtsbezirk
|January
| government office, official district
|Januar, Jänner, Hartung, Jenner
|-
|-
| Ab., Abe. = Abbaue(e), Ausbau(e)
|February
| surface mine(s)
|Februar, Hornung
|-
|-
| Abt. = Abteilung
|March
| department
|März, Frühlingsmonat
|-
|-
| a/d = an der, auf der
|April
| on the, by the (followed by the name of a river or other geographical feature)
|April, Ostermonat, Osteren
|-
|-
| A.G. = Amtsgericht
|May
| lower court, county court
|Mai, Wonnemonat, Blütemonat
|-
|-
| Anh. = Anhalt
|June
| duchy
|Juni, Brachmonat
|-
|-
| ab
|July
| from, since
|Juli, Heuert, Heumonat, Heuet
|-
|-
| Abbauer
|August
| tenant on a (new, split-off) farm; heir with a small part of a farm (usually a second son)
|August, Erntemonat, Hitzmonat
|-
|-
| Abdecker
|September
| skinner
|September, Fruchtmonat, Herbstmonat, Herpsten, 7ber, 7bris
|-
|-
| Abend
|October
| evening
|Oktober, Weinmonat, 8ber, 8bris
|-
|-
| Abendmahlgast
|November
| communicant
|November, Wintermonat, 9ber, 9bris
|-
|-
| abends
|December
| in the evening
|Dezember, Christmonat, 10ber, 10bris, Xber, Xbris
|}
 
A more extensive list of [[Month Names in German|month names in German]].
 
===Days of the Week===
 
{|
|-
|-
| Abenteurer
|'''English'''
| jeweler, jewel trader; adventurer
|  
|'''German'''
|-
|-
| aber
|Sunday
| but
|  
|Sonntag
|-
|-
| abgestorben
|Monday
| deceased
|  
|Montag
|-
|-
| Ablader
|Tuesday
| longshoreman
|  
|Dienstag
|-
|-
| Abnahmemann
|Wednesday
| retired farmer on life estate
|  
|Mittwoch
|-
|-
| Abnehmer
|Thursday
| photographer
|  
|Donnerstag
|-
|-
| Abschiedsmann
|Friday
| man retired on life estate
|  
|Freitag, Freytag
|-
|-
| absterben
|Saturday
| to die, to die off
|  
|-
|Samstag, Sonnabend
| Abstreifer
|}
| renderer; flayer
 
|-
See also:
| Abzehrung
 
| emaciation, wasting
*[[Week Day Symbols|Special symbols used for week days]].
|-
 
| acht
<br>
| eight
 
===Times of the Day===
 
German birth and death records often indicated the exact time of day when the birth or death occurred. This is usually written out.
 
{|
|'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| achte
|ein Uhr
| eighth
|one (o’clock)
|-
|-
| Achter
|zwei Uhr
| juryman
|two (o’clock)
|-
|-
| achtundzwanzigste
|drei Uhr
| twenty-eighth
|three (o’clock)
|-
|-
| achtzehn
|halb eins
| eighteen
|half one = 12:30
|-
|-
| achtzehnhundert
|halb zwei
| eighteen hundred
|half two = 1:30
|-
|-
| achtzehnte
|halbe Stunde
| eighteenth
|half hour
|-
|-
| achtzig
|Stunde
| eighty
|hour
|-
|-
| achtzigste
|früh
| eightieth
|early (a.m.)
|-
|-
| Ackermann
|spät
| farmer
|late (p.m.)
|-
|-
| Adel
|morgens
| gentry, nobleman
|in the morning
|-
|-
| a.D. = außer Dienst
|vormittags
| formerly employed, retired
|in the forenoon
|-
|-
| adoptiert
|mittags
| adopted
|at noon
|-
|-
| Ahnen
|nachmittags
| ancestors
|in the afternoon
|-
|-
| Ahnentafel
|abends
| pedigree chart
|in the evening
|-
|-
| Akten
|mitternachts
| documents
|at midnight
|-
|-
| alle
|Diesen tag
| all
|this (very) day, today
|-
|}
 
===Symbols===
 
Sometimes a symbol is used in German genealogical sources rather than abbreviations. Some of these are shown at [http://wiki-de.genealogy.net/Genealogische_Symbole_und_Zeichen GenWiki, Genealogical Symbols and Signs].
 
<br>
 
==Occupations==
*[[Media:German Occupations Vocabulary.pdf|German Occupations Vocabulary handout]]
*[http://www.ahnenforschung-benz.de/gewerbe.htm Berufe und Sozialstatus der Vorfahren] In German.<br>An excellent analysis of historical German occupations and social status.<br>'''Hint:''' Use a web-based translator or translator/browser like Chrome to see this in passable English.
 
==Medical Terminology==
*[[Media:Illnesses Vocabulary-Kurrent-german.pdf|Illnesses Vocabulary handout]]
*[http://wiki-de.genealogy.net/Kategorie:Krankheitsbezeichnung German Medical Terminology] - includes historical illnesses and medical terms
 
==Numbers==
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| allhier
| width="15%" |'''Number'''
| in this place
|'''Cardinal (English)'''
|'''Cardinal (German)'''
|'''Ordinal (German)'''
|-
|-
| alt
|1
| old
|one
|eins
|erste
|-
|-
| Altbürger
|2
| full citizen
|two
|zwei<br>zweÿ
|zweite
|-
|-
| Alter
|3
| age
|three
|drei<br>dreÿ
|dritte
|-
|-
| Altersschwäche
|4
| weakness of old age
|four
|vier
|vierte
|-
|-
| ältest
|5
| eldest
|five
|fünf
|fünfte
|-
|-
| alt-katholisch
|6
| old Catholic
|six
|sechs
|sechste
|-
|-
| Amman
|7
| bailiff, magistrate
|seven
|sieben
|siebte
|-
|-
| Amt
|8
| office, district
|eight
|acht
|achte
|-
|-
| Anbauer
|9
| peasant
|nine
|neun
|neunte
|-
|-
| andere
|10
| other, next
|ten
|zehn
|zehnte
|-
|-
| Angeber
|11
| informant
|eleven
|elf<br>eilf
|elfte<br>eilfte
|-
|-
| angeblich
|12
| alleged, assumed
|twelve
|zwölf
|zwölfte
|-
|-
| Anhalt
|13
| duchy
|thirteen
|dreizehn
|dreizehnte
|-
|-
| Anmerkungen
|14
| remarks
|fourteen
|vierzehn
|vierzehnte
|-
|-
| Anspänner
|15
| farmer
|fifteen
|fünfzehn
|fünfzehnte
|-
|-
| apostolisch
|16
| Apostolic
|sixteen
|sechzehn
|sechzehnte
|-
|-
| April
|17
| April
|seventeen
|siebzehn
|siebzehnte
|-
|-
| Arbeiter
|18
| laborer, worker
|eighteen
|achtzehn
|achtzehnte
|-
|-
| Archiv
|19
| archive
|nineteen
|neunzehn
|neunzehnte
|-
|-
| arm
|20
| poor
|twenty
|zwanzig
|zwanzigste
|-
|-
| Armut
|21
| poverty
|twenty-one
|einundzwanzig
|einundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| Arzt
|22
| physician
|twenty-two
|zweiundzwanzig
|zweiundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| auch
|23
| also, too
|twenty-three
|dreiundzwanzig
|dreiundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| auf
|24
| on, upon, at
|twenty-four
|vierundzwanzig
|vierundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| aufbieten
|25
| post banns
|twenty-five
|fünfundzwanzig
|fünfundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| Aufenthaltserlaubnis
|26
| residence permit
|twenty-six
|sechsundzwanzig
|sechsundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| Aufenthaltsort
|27
| residence
|twenty-seven
|siebenundzwanzig
|siebenundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| Aufgebot
|28
| publication of banns
|twenty-eight
|achtundzwanzig
|achtundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| Aufnahmebuch
|29
| book listing debts
|twenty-nine
|neunundzwanzig
|neunundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| Aufnahmeland
|30
| country to which one immigrated
|thirty
|dreißig
|dreißigste
|-
|-
| August
|31
| August
|thirty-one
|einunddreißig
|einunddreißigste
|-
|-
| aus
|40
| from, out of
|forty
|vierzig
|vierzigste
|-
|-
| außen
|50
| outside
|fifty
|fünfzig
|fünfzigste
|-
|-
| äußere
|60
| outside, outward, external
|sixty
|sechzig
|sechzigste
|-
|-
| außerehelich
|70
| illegitimate
|seventy
|siebzig
|siebzigste
|-
|-
| Auswanderer
|80
| emigrant
|eighty
|achtzig
|achtzigste
|-
|-
| Auswanderung
|90
| emigration
|ninety
|neunzig
|neunzigste
|-
|-
| Ausweis
|100
| identification document
|one hundred
|(ein)hundert
|(ein)hundertste
|-
|-
| Auszehrung
|101
| consumption or emaciation (especially from TB)
|one hundred (and) one
|(ein)hunderteins
|(ein)hunderterste
|-
|-
| Auszug
|102
| extract
|one hundred (and) two
|}
|(ein)hundertzwei
 
|(ein)hundertzweite
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== B  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|120
| '''English'''
|one hundred (and) twenty
|(ein)hundertzwanzig
|(ein)hundertzwanzigste
|-
|-
| B. = Bezirk
|121
| district or area
|one hundred (and) twenty-one
|(ein)hunderteinundzwanzig
|(ein)hunderteinundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| BA. = Bezirksamt
|122
| district office
|one hundred (and) twenty-two
|(ein)hundertzweiundzwanzig
|(ein)hundertzweiundzwanzigste
|-
|-
| Bay. = Bayern
|200
| Bavaria
|two hundred
|zweihundert
|zweihundertste
|-
|-
| Bd. = Band
|300
| volume
|three hundred
|dreihundert
|dreihundertste
|-
|-
| Bhf. = Bahnhof
|1.000
| railroad station
|one thousand
|(ein)tausend
|(ein)tausendste
|-
|-
| Bkdo. = Bezirkskommando
|1.001
| military district command
|one thousand (and) one
|(ein)tausendeins
|(ein)tausenderste
|-
|-
| bz. = beziehungsweise
|1.002
| or, respectively
|one thousand (and) two
|(ein)tausendzwei
|(ein)tausendzweite
|-
|-
| Bäcker
|1.050
| baker
|one thousand (and) fifty
|(ein)tausendfünfzig
|(ein)tausendfünfzigste
|-
|-
| Bad
|1.100
| spa, resort
|one thousand (and) one hundred<br>eleven hundred
|(ein)tausendeinhundert
|(ein)tausendeinhundertste
|-
|-
| Badeort
|1.500<br>1500
| spa, health resort
|one thousand (and) five hundred<br>fifteen hundred
|(ein)tausendfünfhundert<br>fünfzehnhundert<br>Fünfzehnjahrhundert (1400s century)
|(ein)tausendfünfhundertste<br>fünfzehnhundertste
|-
|-
| Band
|1.600<br>1600
| volume
|one thousand (and) six hundred<br>sixteen hundred
|(ein)tausendsechshundert<br>sechzehnhundert<br>Sechzehnjahrhundert (1500s century)
|(ein)tausendsechshundertste<br>sechzehnhundertste
|-
|-
| Baptist
|1.700<br>1700
| Baptist
|one thousand (and) seven hundred<br>seventeen hundred
|(ein)tausendsiebenhundert<br>siebzehnhundert<br>Siebzehnjahrhundert (1600s century)
|(ein)tausendsiebenhundertste<br>siebzehnhundertste
|-
|-
| Baron
|1.800<br>1800
| baron
|one thousand (and) eight hundred<br>eighteen hundred
|(ein)tausendachthundert<br>achtzehnhundert<br>Achtzehnjahrhundert (1700s century)
|(ein)tausendachthundertste<br>achtzehnhundertste
|-
|-
| Bauer
|1.865<br>1865
| farmer, peasant
|one thousand, eight hundred, (and) sixty-five<br>eighteen sixty-five
|(ein)tausendachthundertfünfundsechzig<br>achtzehnhundertfünfundsechzig<br>actzehnhundert sechzig fünf (rarely in old documents)
|(ein)tausendachthundertfünfundsechzigste<br>achtzehnhundertfünfundsechzigste
|-
|-
| Bayern
|1.900<br>1900
| Bavaria
|one thousand (and) nine hundred<br>nineteen hundred
|(ein)tausendneunhundert<br>neunzehnhundert<br>Neunzehnjahrhundert (1800s century)
|(ein)tausendneunhundertste<br>neunzehnhundertste
|-
|-
| Beamter
|2.000<br>2000
| official, registrar
|two thousand
|zweitausend<br>zwanzighundert<br>Zwanzigjahrhundert (1900s century)
|zweitausendste<br>zwanzighundertste
|-
|-
| Beck(er)
|10.000
| baker
|ten thousand
|zehntausend
|zehntausendste
|-
|-
| beerdigt
|100.000
| buried
|one hundred thousand
|hunderttausend
|hunderttausendste
|-
|-
| Beerdigung
|1.000.000
| burial, interment
|one million
|eine Million
|millionste
|-
|-
| beglaubigt
|1.000.000.000
| certified, attested
|one billion
|eine Millarde
|milliardste
|}
 
==Types of Farmers==
 
There are many different words meaning "farmer" in German. Most of these words explain what type of farmer a person is.
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| begraben
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| buried
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Begräbnis
|Abbauer
| burial
|farmer on a section split off from the original farm, perhaps a later-born son
|-
|-
| Beichte
|Abnahmemann
| confession
|retired farmer living on a life estate
|-
|-
| beide
|Abschiedsmann
| both
|retired farmer living on a life estate
|-
|-
| Beilage
|Achtelbauer
| supplement
|farmer with 1/8 farm
|-
|-
| Bekannte(r)
|Achtelhüfner
| acquaintance
|farmer with 1/8 farm
|-
|-
| Bekehrung
|Achtermann
| conversion
|farmer on a farm behind one's own
|-
|-
| Belege
|Ackerbauer
| proof, documentation
|farmer
|-
|-
| Bemerkungen
|Ackerbürger
| remarks
|farmer
|-
|-
| Berg
|Ackerer
| hill, mountain
|farmer
|-
|-
| Bergmann
|Ackerknecht
| miner
|farmhand
|-
|-
| Beruf
|Ackersmann
| occupation, profession
|farmer
|-
|-
| Beschreibung
|Ackerwirt, Ackerwirth
| description
|farmer
|-
|-
| Besitzer
|Altbauer
| possessor, proprietor, owner
|old, established farmer, possibly retired
|-
|-
| bestätigt
|Altenteiler, Ausgedinger, Ausdinger
| confirmed, verified
|retired farmer
|-
|-
| bestattet
|Altenteilerin
| buried
|retired farmer's wife
|-
|-
| bettlägerig
|Althufner, Althüfner
| bedridden
|retired farmer
|-
|-
| Bettler
|Altsitzer(in)
| beggar
|retired farmer
|-
|-
| Bevölkerungsregister
|Amtsmeier
| population register
|farmer with a large estate and special rights
|-
|-
| bevorstehend
|Anbauer
| previously mentioned
|small farmer
|-
|-
| Bezirk
|Anspänner
| district
|farmer who owns draft animals (horses, oxen) and a wagon
|-
|-
| Biographie
|Aröder
| biography
|new settler on farmland belonging to an estate
|-
|-
| Bischof
|Artmann
| bishop
|farmer
|-
|-
| Bistum
|Artmeier
| diocese
|farmer
|-
|-
| Blattern
|Auenhäusler
| smallpox
|cottager, free villager with a small house, garden, and some livestock
|-
|-
| blutend
|Ausdinger
| bleeding
|retired farmer
|-
|-
| Blütenmonat
|Auszügler
| May
|retired farmer
|-
|-
| Blutsverwandschaft
|Bäuerle, Bauerli
| blood relationship
|farmer (Swiss)
|-
|-
| Böhmen
|Bauer
| Bohemia
|peasant, farmer on a full-sized farm
|-
|-
| Bootsmann
|Bauernknecht
| bargeman, boatman
|farmhand
|-
|-
| Böttcher
|Bauknecht
| cooper, barrel maker
|farmhand
|-
|-
| Brauer
|Baumann
| brewer
|farmer, can also be a builder
|-
|-
| Bräune
|Beerbter
| diptheria
|farmer with an inheritable lease
|-
|-
| Braut
|Behandinge
| bride
|feudal tenure on a farm
|-
|-
| Bräutigam
|Beibauer
| bridegroom
|farmer on a new farm, officially recognized, but with few privileges
|-
|-
| Brücke
|Beisasse
| bridge
|landless renter without citizen rights in the community
|-
|-
| Bruder
|Beiwohner
| brother
|rental inhabitant without citizenship
|-
|-
| Bub
|Beständer
| boy
|farmer on a small farm
|-
|-
| Buch
|Bestanderlasser
| book
|landlord over a small farm
|-
|-
| Büdner
|Bestandwirt
| cottager
|farmer leasing farm land
|-
|-
| Burg
|Bödener
| castle, fortress
|cottager, free villager with a small house, garden, and some livestock
|-
|-
| Bürger
|Bolsmann, Bohlsmann
| burgher, citizen, citizens
|farmer with a full-sized farm
|-
|-
| Bürgerbuch
|Brinker
| citizen register
|cottager, see Brinksitzer
|-
|-
| Bürgermeister
|Brinkkötter
| mayor
|cottager, see Brinksitzer
|-
|-
| Büttner
|Brinklieger
| barrel maker
|cottager, see Brinksitzer
|}
|-
 
|Brinkmann
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
|cottager, see Brinksitzer
 
|-
==== C  ====
|Brinksitzer
 
|cottager, his property situated on a grassy hill (Brink) on the outskirts
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|Büdner
|cottager, small-scale farmer, could also have a small shop
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Buhmann, Bumann
| '''English'''
|farmer
|-
|-
| ca. = circa
|Buschpächter
| about
|tenant farmer who clears the land, then farms it (Eastern Pomerania)
|-
|-
| Chirug
|Chalupner, Challupner
| surgeon
|small-scale farmer [often used in Czech records]
|-
|-
| Christmonat
|Dotale, Dotalbauer
| December
|farmer who leases church-income property
|-
|-
| Colonist
|Eigengärtner
| settler, tenant farmer
|cottager with a garden of his own
|-
|-
| copulieren
|Eigenkäthner
| to marry
|cottager with a garden of his own
|-
|-
| cribrarius
|Eigenkötter
| sieve maker (Latin)
|cottager with a garden of his own
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== D  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Einlieger
| '''English'''
|free agricultural laborer
|-
|-
| d. = der, dem, des, die, das
|Einspänner
| the
|farmer with one horse
|-
|-
| D. = Dorf
|Erbbauer
| village
|farmer on a full-sized farm with inherited lease rights
|-
|-
| das. = daselbst
|Erbpächter
| residing in this place, there, the previously mentioned place
|farmer with a hereditary land lease
|-
|-
| Dachdecker
|Exner
| roofer
|poorer farmer who used oxen
|-
|-
| dänisch
|Feuerstättler
| Danish
|cottager (whose dwelling has a fireplace)
|-
|-
| das
|Freibauer
| the
|free farmer with only small rent payments
|-
|-
| daselbst
|Freigärtner
| residing in this place, there, the previously mentioned place
|free farmer
|-
|-
| Datum
|Fröhner
| date
|subject performing unpaid labor for the lord of the land (as part of the taxation system)
|-
|-
| Dekanat
|Gärtner
| deanery
|farmer
|-
|-
| dem, den
|Ganzlechner, Ganzlehner
| the
|farmer who leases a standard-sized farm
|-
|-
| der
|Gesinde
| the, of the
|male or female hired help on a farm
|-
|-
| derselbe
|Häker, Häcker
| the same
|small farmer (lower-class subject) who must perform unpaid labor for the landlord as part of his obligations
|-
|-
| des
|Halblechner, Halblehner
| of the
|farmer who leases half of a standard-sized farm
|-
|-
| deutsch
|Heuerling
| German
|day laborer
|-
|-
| Deutschland
|Hofer
| Germany
|farmer
|-
|-
| Dezember
|Hofgänger
| December
|farmhand
|-
|-
| die
|Hofmann
| the
|farmer
|-
|-
| Diener
|Hofstädtler
| servant
|farmer
|-
|-
| Dienst
|Hofwirth
| service, employment
|farmer
|-
|-
| Dienstag
|Hoppenplöcker
| Tuesday
|farmer who is obligated to do “hand service” (in Lippe)
|-
|-
| Dienstmagd
|Hortulanus
| servant girl
|farmer (Latin)
|-
|-
| dieser
|Huber
| this, these
|farmer
|-
|-
| Distrikt
|Hübler
| district
|farmer; expression comes from “Hube”
|-
|-
| Domäne
|Hüttler, Hitler
| domain
|cottager
|-
|-
| Donnerstag
|Inlieger
| Thursday
|tenant farmer
|-
|-
| Dorf
|Inste, Instmann
| village
|tenant farmer
|-
|-
| dort
|Interimswirt, Interimswirth
| there
|farmer who marries into a farm by marrying the widow or heiress
|-
|-
| drei
|Kätner, Käthner, Köthner
| three
|cottager with a small house and a garden of his own, perhaps some livestock
|-
|-
| dreißig
|Kampheuerling
| thirty
|tenant of a farm belonging to nobility
|-
|-
| dreißigste
|Kirchdotale
| thirtieth
|farmer who leases church-income property
|-
|-
| dreiundzwanzigste
|Kitzmann
| twenty-third
|rents from a farmer
|-
|-
| dreizehn
|Knecht
| thirteen
|farmhand
|-
|-
| dreizehnte
|Kölmer
| thirteenth
|farmer who is "half free"
|-
|-
| dritte
|Köter, Kötter
| third
|cottager
|-
|-
| Duplikat
|Kolon
| duplicate record
|farmer on a farm with hereditary tithe
|-
|-
| durch
|Kolonist
| through
|new settler in the area; most, but not all, were farmers
|-
|-
| Durchfall
|Kolupner
| diarrhea
|cottager; see Chal(l)upner
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== E  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Kossate, Kossäth
| '''English'''
|cottager
|-
|-
| E. = Einwohner
|Kotsass, Kotasse
| residents, population
|cottager
|-
|-
| Eis. = Eisenbahn
|Landmann
| railroad, train
|farmer
|-
|-
| Ev., ev. = Evangelische, evangelisch
|Lehner
| Evangelical (Lutheran)
|farmer who leases a farm
|-
|-
| ebenda
|Magd
| at the same place
|female helper on a farm
|-
|-
| Ehe
|Meyer
| marriage
|farmer, farm overseer, manager
|-
|-
| Ehebrecher
|Ochsner
| adulterer
|poorer farmer who used oxen
|-
|-
| Ehebruch
|Ökonom
| adultery
|farmer
|-
|-
| Ehefrau
|Pachtbauer
| wife, housewife
|farmer who leases his land (often an inheritable lease)
|-
|-
| Ehehindernis
|Päger
| hinderance to marriage
|farmer who ploughs with horses
|-
|-
| ehel. = ehelich
|Pfarrdotale
| legitimate
|farmer who leases church-income property
|-
|-
| eheleiblich
|Robotgärtner
| legitimate
|unfree farmer/farm laborer
|-
|-
| Eheleute
|Rössner
| married couple
|farmer who ploughed with horses
|-
|-
| ehelich
|Scharknecht
| legitimate
|farmhand
|-
|-
| ehemals
|Söldner
| formerly
|farmer who farmed on a small section of land called a “Sölde”; or a mercenary soldier
|-
|-
| Ehemann
|Strassenkötter
| husband
|cottager living by a road
|-
|-
| Ehepaar
|Tagelöhner
| married couple
|day laborer
|-
|-
| Ehescheidung
|Tagner
| divorce
|day laborer
|-
|-
| Eheschließung
|Tauner, Thauner
| marriage
|day laborer
|-
|-
| Ehestand
|Viertelbauer
| married state
|farmer on 1/4 farm
|-
|-
| Eheverkündigungen
|Viertelhufner, Viertelhüfner
| marriage banns
|farmer on 1/4 farm
|-
|-
| Eheversprechen, Eheverspruch
|Viertellehner
| betrothal, engagement
|farmer who leases a quarter of a standard-sized farm
|-
|-
| Eidam (Eidmann)
|Vollbauer
| son-in-law
|farmer on a full-sized farm
|-
|-
| Eigentümer
|Voll-lehner, Volllehner
| proprietor, property owner
|farmer who leases a full farm
|-
|-
| ein, eine
|Vollmaier
| a, one, an
|farmer on a full-sized farm
|-
|-
| Einbürgerung
|Vollspänner
| naturalization
|farmer on a full-sized farm
|-
|-
| Einlieger
|Weingärtner
| landless farm laborer
|wine grower
|-
|-
| eins
|Weingartknecht
| one
|farmhand in a vineyard
|-
|-
| Einsender
|Weinzettel
| informant, declarant
|farmhand in a vineyard
|-
|-
| eintausendachthundert
|Widumer
| eighteen hundred
|farmer settled on church property
|-
|-
| eintausendfünfhundert
|Winzer
| fifteen hundred
|wine grower
|-
|-
| eintausendneunhundert
|Wirt, Wirth
| nineteen hundred
|farmer
|-
|-
| eintausendsechshundert
|Zettelmann
| sixteen hundred
|farmhand
|-
|-
| eintausendsiebenhundert
|Zweispänner
| seventeen hundred
|farmer who owns two draft animals
|}
 
==General Word List==
 
Note: In German, letters with diacritical marks are alphabetized as if they did not have a diacritical mark. In some other languages, they are alphabetized separately.
 
===A===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| einunddreissig
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| thirty-one
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| einunddreissigste
|A. = Amt, Amtsbezirk
| thirty-first
|government office, official district
|-
|-
| einundzwanzigste
|Ab., Abe. = Abbaue(e), Ausbau(e)
| twenty-first
|surface mine(s)
|-
|-
| Einwanderer
|(haben) abgebeten, abgebethen
| immigrant
|(have) performed penance, apologized, asked for pardon
|-
|-
| Einwanderung
|Abt. = Abteilung
| immigration
|department
|-
|-
| Einwilligung
|a/d = an der, auf der
| permission
|on the, by the (followed by the name of a river or other geographical feature)
|-
|-
| Einwohner
|A.G. = Amtsgericht
| inhabitant
|lower court district, county court district
|-
|-
| einzige
|Anh. = Anhalt
| only
|duchy of Anhalt
|-
|-
| Eisenbahn
|ab
| railroad
|from, since
|-
|-
| Eiterbeule
|Abbauer
| abscess
|tenant on a (new, split-off) farm; heir with a small part of a farm (usually a second son)
|-
|-
| elf
|Abdecker
| eleven
|skinner
|-
|-
| elfte
|Abend
| eleventh
|evening
|-
|-
| Eltern
|Abendmahlgast
| parents
|communicant
|-
|-
| Enkel
|abends
| grandson
|in the evening
|-
|-
| Enkelin
|Abenteurer
| granddaughter
|jeweler, jewel trader; adventurer
|-
|-
| Enkelkind
|aber
| grandchild
|but
|-
|-
| eod(em)
|abgestorben
| the same, ditto
|deceased
|-
|-
| Epilepsie
|Ablader
| epilepsy
|longshoreman
|-
|-
| er
|Abnahmemann
| he
|retired farmer on life estate
|-
|-
| Erben
|Abnehmer
| heirs
|photographer
|-
|-
| Erbschaft
|Abschiedsmann
| inheritance
|man retired on life estate
|-
|-
| erhalten
|absterben
| received, receive
|to die, to die off
|-
|-
| erklärt
|Abstreifer
| declared
|renderer; flayer
|-
|-
| Erlassung
|Abzehrung
| dispensation, permission
|emaciation, wasting
|-
|-
| Ermächtigung
|acht
| authorization
|eight
|-
|-
| Ernting
|achte
| August
|eighth
|-
|-
| errechnet
|Achter
| approximated, calculated
|juryman
|-
|-
| erschien
|achtundzwanzigste
| appeared
|twenty-eighth
|-
|-
| erste
|achtzehn
| first
|eighteen
|-
|-
| erstgeboren
|achtzehnhundert
| firstborn
|eighteen hundred
|-
|-
| ertrank, ertrunken
|achtzehnte
| drowned
|eighteenth
|-
|-
| erzeugen
|achtzig
| beget
|eighty
|-
|-
| erzeugt
|achtzigste
| begat
|eightieth
|-
|-
| es
|Ackermann
| it
|farmer
|-
|-
| et uxor
|Adel
| and wife (Latin)
|gentry, nobleman
|-
|-
| evangelisch
|a.D. = außer Dienst
| evangelical
|formerly employed, retired
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== F  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
| '''English'''
|-
| Fabrikant
| manufacturer
|-
|-
| Familie
|adoptiert
| family
|adopted
|-
|-
| Familienbuch
|Ahnen
| family register
|ancestors
|-
|-
| Familienforschung
|Ahnentafel
| genealogical research
|pedigree chart
|-
|-
| Familienregister
|Akten
| family register
|documents
|-
|-
| Färber
|alle
| dyer
|all
|-
|-
| Faßbinder
|allhier
| cooper, barrel maker
|in this place
|-
|-
| Fäule
|alt
| cancer
|old
|-
|-
| Fayencenhändler
|Altbürger
| porcelain merchant
|full citizen
|-
|-
| Februar
|Alter
| February
|age
|-
|-
| Fehlgeburt
|Altersschwäche
| miscarriage
|weakness of old age
|-
|-
| Festtag
|ältest
| feast day, festival day, holy day
|eldest
|-
|-
| Festung
|alt-katholisch
| fortress
|old Catholic
|-
|-
| Fieber
|Amman
| fever
|bailiff, magistrate
|-
|-
| Findling
|Amt
| foundling
|office, district
|-
|-
| Firmung
|Anbauer
| confirmation
|peasant
|-
|-
| Fischer
|andere
| fisher
|other, next
|-
|-
| Fl. = Florin
|Angeber
| standard monetary unit
|informant
|-
|-
| Flecken
|angeblich
| hamlet, also measles or spots
|alleged, assumed
|-
|-
| Fleckfieber
|angeheiratet
| spotted fever, typhus
|related by marriage (stepson, stepdaughter)
|-
|-
| Fleischer
|Anhalt
| butcher
|duchy of Anhalt
|-
|-
| Fleischhauer
|Anmerkungen
| butcher
|remarks
|-
|-
| Flüchtling
|Ansiedler
| refugee, deserter
|settler
|-
|-
| Fluß
|Anspänner
| river
|farmer
|-
|-
| folgende
|Anzeigender
| following, next
|informant
|-
|-
| Forst
|apostolisch
| forest
|Apostolic
|-
|-
| Förster
|April
| forester
|April
|-
|-
| Fourier
|Arbeiter, Arbeitsmann
| quartermaster
|laborer, worker
|-
|-
| Fraisen
|Arbeitsbuch
| convulsions, epilepsy, seizures, spasms
|employment record book
|-
|-
| Frankreich
|Archiv
| France
|archive
|-
|-
| Frau
|arm
| Mrs., wife, woman
|poor
|-
|-
| Fräulein
|Armut
| Miss, unmarried woman
|poverty
|-
|-
| Freibauer
|Arzt
| farmer who owns his own land
|physician
|-
|-
| Freiherr
|auch
| baron
|also, too
|-
|-
| Freitag
|auf
| Friday
|on, upon, at
|-
|-
| fremd
|aufbieten
| foreign, strange
|post banns
|-
|-
| Freund
|Aufenthaltserlaubnis
| friend
|residence permit
|-
|-
| Friedhof
|Aufenthaltsort
| cemetery
|residence
|-
|-
| früh
|Aufgebot
| early (a.m.)
|publication of banns
|-
|-
| früher
|Aufnahmebuch
| former, formerly
|book listing debts
|-
|-
| fünf
|Aufnahmeland
| five
|country to which one immigrated
|-
|-
| fifth
|August
|August
|-
|-
| fünfundzwanzigste
|aus
| twenty-fifth
|from, out of
|-
|-
| fünfzehn
|außen
| fifteen
|outside
|-
|-
| fünfzehnhundert
|äußere
| fifteen hundred
|outside, outward, external
|-
|-
| fünfzehnte
|außerehelich
| fifteenth
|illegitimate
|-
|-
| fünfzig
|Auswanderer
| fifty
|emigrant
|-
|-
| fünfzigste
|Auswanderung
| fiftieth
|emigration
|-
|-
| für
|Ausweis
| for
|identification document
|-
|-
| Fürst
|Auszehrung
| prince, count
|consumption or emaciation (especially from TB)
|-
|-
| Fürstentum
|Auszug
| principality
|extract
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}


==== G  ====
===B===


{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| '''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| G. = Gericht
|B. = Bezirk
| court
|district or area
|-
|-
| geb. = geboren
|BA. = Bezirksamt
| born, maiden name
|district office
|-
|-
| Gem. = Gemeinde
|Bay. = Bayern
| community, municipality, parish, town
|Bavaria
|-
|-
| gest. = gestorben
|Bd. = Band
| died
|volume
|-
|-
| get. = getauft
|Bhf. = Bahnhof
| baptized, christened
|railroad station
|-
|-
| Gr. = Groß
|Bkdo. = Bezirkskommando
| Great (part of place name)
|military district command
|-
|-
| Gärtner
|bz. = beziehungsweise
| gardener
|or, respectively
|-
|-
| Gastwirt
|Bäcker
| innkeeper
|baker
|-
|-
| Gatte
|Bad
| husband
|spa, resort
|-
|-
| Gattin
|Badeort
| wife
|spa, health resort
|-
|-
| geben, gab
|Bader
| given, gave
|physician of the lower classes
|-
|-
| Gebiet
|Band
| region, area, zone
|volume
|-
|-
| geboren
|Baptist
| born, maiden name
|Baptist
|-
|-
| Gebühren
|Baron
| fees
|baron
|-
|-
| Geburt
|Bauer
| birth
|farmer, peasant
|-
|-
| Geburtsort
|Bayern
| place of birth
|Bavaria
|-
|-
| Geburtsschein
|Beamter
| birth certificate
|official, registrar
|-
|-
| Geburtsurkunde
|Beck(er)
| birth certificate
|baker
|-
|-
| gegen
|beerdigt
| against, towards
|buried
|-
|-
| geheiratet
|Beerdigung
| married
|burial, interment
|-
|-
| gehört
|beglaubigt
| belongs (to)
|certified, attested
|-
|-
| Geistliche(r)
|begraben
| clergyman
|buried
|-
|-
| Gelbsucht
|Begräbnis
| jaundice
|burial
|-
|-
| Geld
|bei
| money
|at, in, by
|-
|-
| Gemahl(in)
| spouse, husband, wife
|-
|-
| Gemeinde
|Beichte
| community, municipality, parish, town
|confession
|-
|-
| Gemeindemann
|beide
| village official, village resident
|both
|-
|-
| Gemeindsmann
|Beilage
| citizen with full rights
|supplement
|-
|-
| gemelli
|Bekannte(r)
| twins
|acquaintance
|-
|-
| genannt
|Bekehrung
| named, alias, called
|conversion
|-
|-
| Genealogie
|Beklagter(in)
| genealogy
|defendant
|-
|-
| Gerber
|Belege
| tanner
|proof, documentation
|-
|-
| Gericht
|Bemerkungen
| court
|remarks
|-
|-
| Gerichtsmann
|Berg
| juryman
|hill, mountain
|-
|-
| Gerichtsschreiber
|Bergmann
| court clerk
|miner
|-
|-
| Gerichtsverwandter
|Beruf
| member of the judicial court
|occupation, profession
|-
|-
| gesagt
|Beschreibung
| said, stated
|description
|-
|-
| Geschichte
|Besitzer
| history
|possessor, proprietor, owner
|-
|-
| geschieden
|Bestandmüller
| divorced
|mill tenant
|-
|-
| Geschlecht
|bestätigt
| gender, sex, lineage
|confirmed, verified
|-
|-
| Geschlechterbücher
|bestattet
| lineage books
|buried
|-
|-
| Geschlechtsname
|bettlägerig
| surname
|bedridden
|-
|-
| Geschwister
|Bettler
| siblings, brothers and sisters
|beggar
|-
|-
| Geschwulst
|Bevölkerungsregister
| swelling, tumor
|population register
|-
|-
| Geselle
|bevorstehend
| journeyman
|previously mentioned
|-
|-
| Gesellschaft
|Bezirk
| society, group
|district
|-
|-
| Gesetz
|Biographie
| law
|biography
|-
|-
| gesetzlich
|Bischof
| legal
|bishop
|-
|-
| gestern
|Bistum
| yesterday
|diocese
|-
|-
| gestorben
|Blattern
| died
|smallpox
|-
|-
| Getaufte
|blutend
| person who was baptized
|bleeding
|-
|-
| getr. = getraut
|Blütenmonat
| married
|May
|-
|-
| Getraute
|Blutsverwandschaft
| married couple
|blood relationship
|-
|-
| Gevatter
|Böhmen
| godfather
|Bohemia
|-
|-
| Gewerbe
|Bootsmann
| trade, occupation
|bargeman, boatman
|-
|-
| Gicht
|Böttcher
| gout, arthritis
|cooper, barrel maker
|-
|-
| Gilde
|Brauer
| guild
|brewer
|-
|-
| Glaube
|Bräune
| belief, faith
|diphtheria
|-
|-
| Glauben
|Braut
| religious affiliation
|bride
|-
|-
| gleich
|Bräutigam
| same, alike, similar, right away
|bridegroom
|-
|-
| Graf
|Brücke
| count (nobleman), earl
|bridge
|-
|-
| Grafschaft
|Bruder
| county
|brother
|-
|-
| Grenze
|Bub
| border
|boy
|-
|-
| groß
|Buch
| big, great, large
|book
|-
|-
| Großeltern
|Büdner
| grandparents
|cottager
|-
|-
| großjährig
|Burg
| of age
|castle, fortress
|-
|-
| Großmutter
|Bürger
| grandmother
|burgher, citizen, citizens
|-
|-
| Großneffe
|Bürgerbuch
| great-nephew
|citizen register
|-
|-
| Großnichte
|Bürgermeister
| great-niece
|mayor
|-
|-
| Großvater
|Büroangestellte
| grandfather
|office worker, clerk, white-collar worker
|-
|-
| Grundbuch
|Bursch, Pursch
| land register
|young man
|-
|-
| Gulden
|Büttner
| standard monetary unit, florin
|barrel maker
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===C===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| Gürtler
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| maker of straps and belts
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Gut
|ca. = circa
| property, estate
|about
|-
|-
| gut
|Chirug
| good
|surgeon
|-
|Christmonat
|December
|-
|Colonist
|settler, tenant farmer
|-
|Comparent
|informant
|-
|copulieren
|to marry
|-
|Cossate, Cossathe
|cottager
|-
|cribrarius
|sieve maker (Latin)
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  


==== H  ====
===D===


{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| '''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Hann. = Hannover
|d. = der, dem, des, die, das
| Hannover
|the
|-
|-
| Herrsch. = Herrschaft
|D. = Dorf
| manor, estate, domain
|village
|-
|-
| Hessen-N. = Hessen-Nassau
|das. = daselbst
| Prussian province
|residing in this place, there, the previously mentioned place
|-
|-
| hzl. = herzoglich
|Dachdecker
| of the duke
|roofer
|-
|-
| Hzt. = Herzogtum
|dahier
| duchy
|here
|-
|-
| haben
|dänisch
| to have
|Danish
|-
|-
| halb
|das
| half
|the
|-
|-
| halb drei
|daselbst
| half three = 2:30 (time)
|residing in this place, there, the previously mentioned place
|-
|-
| halb eins
|Datum
| half one = 12:30 (time)
|date
|-
|-
| halb zwei
|Dekanat
| half two = 1:30 (time)
|deanery
|-
|-
| Halbbauer
|dem, den
| small farmer
|the
|-
|-
| Halbmeier
|der
| small farmer
|the, of the
|-
|-
| Händler
|derselbe
| trader, merchant, peddler
|the same
|-
|-
| Hartung
|des
| January
|of the
|-
|-
| Haupt-
|deutsch
| chief, main
|German
|-
|-
| Haus
|Deutschland
| house
|Germany
|-
|-
| Hausfrau
|Dezember
| housewife
|December
|-
|-
| Häusler
|die
| cottager
|the
|-
|-
| Hausmädchen
|Diener
| housemaid
|servant
|-
|-
| Hebamme
|Dienst
| midwife
|service, employment
|-
|-
| Heilquelle
|Dienstag
| spa, bath
|Tuesday
|-
|-
| Heimat
|Dienstbotin
| home, native place, homeland
|servant (girl)
|-
|-
| Heimatschein
|Dienstmagd
| domicile or residency certificate
|servant girl
|-
|-
| Heimatsort
|dieser
| place of birth, home town
|this, these
|-
|-
| Heirat
|dimittiert, dimittirt
| marriage
|dismissed (in order to be married in another parish)
|-
|-
| heiraten
|Dispensation(en)
| to marry
|dispensation(s), special permission
|-
|-
| Heiratsantrag
|Distrikt
| marriage intentions
|district
|-
|-
| Heiratsbelege
|Domäne
| marriage supplements
|domain
|-
|-
| Heiratskontrakt
|Dominikalist
| marriage contracts
|a list pertaining to the manor or estate; feudal Familiant
|-
|-
| Heiratsprotokolle
|Donnerstag
| marriage records
|Thursday
|-
|-
| Heiratsschein
|Dorf
| marriage certificate
|village
|-
|-
| heißt
|dort
| is named
|there
|-
|-
| Hektar
|drei
| hectare (10,000 square meters or 2.47 U.S. acres)
|three
|-
|-
| Heraldik
|dreißig
| heraldry
|thirty
|-
|-
| Herkunftsort
|dreißigste
| place of origin
|thirtieth
|-
|-
| Herr
|dreiundzwanzigste
| Mister, Lord, lord
|twenty-third
|-
|-
| Herrschaft
|dreizehn
| estate, dominion
|thirteen
|-
|-
| Herzog
|dreizehnte
| duke
|thirteenth
|-
|-
| Herzogtum
|dritte
| duchy
|third
|-
|-
| Hessische
|Duplikat
| Hessian
|duplicate record
|-
|-
| Heuerling
|durch
| dayworker, hireling
|through
|-
|-
| Heuert, Heumonat
|Durchfall
| July
|diarrhea
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===E===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| heute
|E. = Einwohner
| today
|residents, population
|-
|-
| hier
|ehrngeachte
| here
|honorable
|-
|-
| hiesiger Ort
|einkindschaften
| this place
|to officially accept/recognize a stepchild as one's own, to legally inherit along with any biological children
|-
|-
| Hinterbliebene
|Eis. = Eisenbahn
| survivors
|railroad, train
|-
|-
| hinterlassen
|Ev., ev. = Evangelische, evangelisch
| surviving, left behind
|Evangelical (Lutheran)
|-
|-
| Hirt
|ebenda
| herdsman
|at the same place
|-
|-
| hitziges Fieber
|Ehe
| burning fever, high fever
|marriage
|-
|-
| hoch
|Ehebrecher
| high
|adulterer
|-
|-
| Hochzeit
|Ehebruch
| wedding
|adultery
|-
|-
| Hof
|Ehefrau
| courtyard, farm, yard, estate
|wife, housewife
|-
|-
| Hofprediger
|Ehehindernis
| chaplain
|hinderance to marriage
|-
|-
| Holländer
|ehel. = ehelich
| Dutchman, dairykeeper
|legitimate
|-
|-
| Hornung
|eheleiblich
| February
|legitimate
|-
|-
| Hüfner
|Eheleute
| farmer
|married couple
|-
|-
| Hufschmied
|ehelich
| blacksmith
|legitimate
|-
|-
| Hügel
|ehemals
| hill
|formerly
|-
|-
| hundert
|Ehemann
| hundred
|husband
|-
|-
| Hurenkind
|Ehepaar
| illegitimate child
|married couple
|-
|-
| Husten
|Ehescheidung
| cough
|divorce
|}
|-
 
|Eheschließung
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
|marriage
 
|-
==== I  ====
|Ehestand
 
|married state
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|Eheverkündigungen
|marriage banns
|-
|Eheversprechen, Eheverspruch
|betrothal, engagement
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Eidam (Eidmann)
| '''English'''
|son-in-law
|-
|-
| ihr, ihr-
|Eigentümer
| their, her
|proprietor, property owner
|-
|-
| im
|ein, eine
| in the
|a, one, an
|-
|-
| immer
|Einbürgerung
| always
|naturalization
|-
|-
| in
|Einhäusling, Gesinde, Taglöhner
| in, at
|day laborer
|-
|-
| Inhalt
|Einlieger
| content(s)
|landless farm laborer
|-
|-
| innerhalb
|eins
| inside of
|one
|-
|-
| Innung
|Einsender
| guild
|informant, declarant
|-
|-
| Instmann
|eintausendachthundert
| tenant farmer
|eighteen hundred
|-
|-
| ist
|eintausendfünfhundert
| is
|fifteen hundred
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== J  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|eintausendneunhundert
| '''English'''
|nineteen hundred
|-
|-
| Jäger
|eintausendsechshundert
| hunter, rifleman in the military
|sixteen hundred
|-
|-
| Jahr
|eintausendsiebenhundert
| year
|seventeen hundred
|-
|-
| Jahrestag
|einunddreissig
| anniversary
|thirty-one
|-
|-
| Jahreszeit
|einunddreissigste
| season
|thirty-first
|-
|-
| Jahrhundert
|einundzwanzigste
| century
|twenty-first
|-
|-
| jährlich
|Einwanderer
| annual, yearly
|immigrant
|-
|-
| Jahrzehnt
|Einwanderung
| decade
|immigration
|-
|-
| Jänner
|einwilligend
| January
|consenting, in agreement with, approving of
|-
|-
| Januar
|Einwilligung
| January
|permission
|-
|-
| jeder (jede, jedes)
|Einwohner
| each, every
|inhabitant
|-
|-
| Jgfr. = Jungfrau, Jungfer
|einzige
| maiden, virgin, unmarried woman
|only
|-
|-
| jüdisch
|Eisenbahn
| Jewish
|railroad
|-
|-
| Jugend
|Eiterbeule
| youth, adolescence
|abscess
|-
|-
| Juli
|elf
| July
|eleven
|-
|-
| Julmonat
|elfte
| December
|eleventh
|-
|-
| jung
|Eltern
| young
|parents
|-
|-
| Junge
|Enkel
| a youth (male)
|grandson
|-
|-
| Jungfrau, Jungfer
|Enkelin
| maiden, virgin, unmarried woman
|granddaughter
|-
|-
| Junggeselle
|Enkelkind
| bachelor
|grandchild
|-
|-
| Jüngling
|eod(em)
| bachelor, young man
|the same, ditto
|-
|-
| Juni
|Epilepsie
| June
|epilepsy
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== K  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|er
| '''English'''
|he
|-
|-
| K.K. = kaiserlich königlich
|Erben
| royal imperial
|heirs
|-
|-
| Kammerfrau
|Erbschaft
| lady-in-waiting
|inheritance
|-
|-
| Kantor
|erhalten
| choirmaster, organist
|received, receive
|-
|-
| Karpe
|erklärt
| carpenter
|declared
|-
|-
| Karte
|Erlassung
| map
|dispensation, permission
|-
|-
| Karrer
|Ermächtigung
| carter
|authorization
|-
|-
| Kartei
|Ernting
| card index
|August
|-
|-
| Käthner, Kätner
|errechnet
| cottager
|approximated, calculated
|-
|-
| katholisch
|erschien
| Catholic
|appeared
|-
|-
| kaufen
|erste
| to buy
|first
|-
|-
| Kaufmann
|erstgeboren
| merchant
|firstborn
|-
|-
| kein
|Erstkommunikant
| no, not any, none
|someone receiving First Communion for the first time
|-
|-
| Keller
|ertrank, ertrunken
| wine steward; cellar, basement
|drowned
|-
|-
| Kellner
|erzeugen
| waiter, receiver of revenues; steward
|beget
|-
|-
| Kessler
|erzeugt
| kettlemaker
|begat
|-
|-
| Keuchhusten
|es
| whooping cough
|it
|-
|-
| Kiefer
|et uxor
| cooper, barrel maker
|and wife (Latin)
|-
|-
| Kind
|evangelisch
| baby
|evangelical
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===F===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| Kindbettfieber
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| childbed fever
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Kinder
|Fabrikant
| children
|manufacturer
|-
|-
| Kirche
|Fabrikarbeiter
| church
|factory worker
|-
|-
| Kirchenältester
|Fallkind
| churchwarden, church elder, vestryman
|illegitimate childen
|-
|-
| Kirchenbuch
|Familiant
| parish register
|entailed renter of a house (inheriting cottagers) or head of the family (Jewish)
|-
|-
| Kirchengemeinde
|Familie
| parish
|family
|-
|-
| Kirchenpfleger
|Familienbuch
| churchwarden
|family register
|-
|-
| Kirchenrodel
|Familienforschung
| parish register
|genealogical research
|-
|-
| Kirchensprengel
|Familienregister
| parish
|family register
|-
|-
| Kirchenvorsteher
|Färber
| churchwarden
|dyer
|-
|-
| kirchlich
|Faßbinder
| pertaining to church
|cooper, barrel maker
|-
|-
| Kirchrat
|Fäule
| member of a church council
|cancer
|-
|-
| Kirchspiel
|Fayencenhändler
| parish
|porcelain merchant
|-
|-
| klein
|Februar
| little
|February
|-
|-
| Knabe
|Fehlgeburt
| boy
|miscarriage
|-
|-
| Knecht
|Festtag
| servant
|feast day, festival day, holy day
|-
|-
| Kolonist
|Festung
| settler, colonist, farmer
|fortress
|-
|-
| Kommunikant
|Fieber
| communicant
|fever
|-
|-
| Kommunion
|Findling
| communion
|foundling
|-
|-
| Konfirmation
|Firmung
| confirmation
|confirmation
|-
|-
| König
|Fischer
| king
|fisher
|-
|-
| königlich
|Fl. = Florin
| royal
|standard monetary unit
|-
|-
| Königreich
|Flecken
| kingdom
|hamlet, also measles or spots
|-
|-
| Kopulation
|Fleckfieber
| marriage
|spotted fever, typhus
|-
|-
| kopulieren
|Fleischer
| to marry
|butcher
|-
|-
| Kossät, Kossath
|Fleischhauer
| cottager
|butcher
|-
|-
| Kötter, Kötner
|Flüchtling
| small farmer, cottager
|refugee, deserter
|-
|-
| Krämer
|Fluß
| grocer, small retailer
|river
|-
|-
| Krämpfe
|folgende
| cramps,, convulsions
|following, next
|-
|-
| Krankheit
|Forst
| disease, sickness
|forest
|-
|-
| Krebs
|Förster
| cancer
|forester
|-
|-
| Kreis
|Fourier
| county
|quartermaster
|-
|-
| Krieg
|Fraisen
| war
|convulsions, epilepsy, seizures, spasms
|-
|-
| Kröger, Krogmann
|Frankreich
| innkeeper
|France
|-
|-
| Küfer
|Frau
| cooper, barrel maker
|Mrs., wife, woman
|-
|-
| Kuhhirte
|Fräulein
| cowherd
|Miss, unmarried woman
|-
|-
| Kupferschmied
|Freibauer
| coppersmith
|farmer who owns his own land
|-
|-
| Kurort
|Freiherr
| spa
|baron
|-
|-
| Kusine
|Freitag
| female cousin
|Friday
|-
|-
| Kutscher
|fremd
| coachman
|foreign, strange
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== L  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
| '''English'''
|-
| Land
| land, country
|-
| Landarbeiter
| farmhand
|-
|-
| Landkarte
|Freund
| map
|friend
|-
|-
| Landwirt
|Friedhof
| farmer
|cemetery
|-
|-
| lassen
|Friesel
| to let, leave, allow
|prickly heat, heat rash, miliaria
|-
|-
| lebendig
|Friseur
| living
|hairdresser
|-
|-
| ledig
|früh
| single, unmarried
|early (a.m.)
|-
|-
| legitimiert
|früher
| made legitimate, legitimized
|former, formerly
|-
|-
| Lehrer
|Frühgeburt
| teacher
|premature birth
|-
|-
| Lehrling
|Frühkind
| apprentice
|child born too soon after its parents married
|-
|-
| Leiche
|fünf
| corpse, body
|five
|-
|-
| Leichenpredigt
|Fuhrmann
| funeral sermon
|wagoner
|-
|-
| Leinenweber
|fünfte
| linen weaver
|fifth
|-
|-
| Lenz
|fünfundzwanzigste
| spring (season)
|twenty-fifth
|-
|-
| letzte Ölung
|fünfzehn
| last rites, extreme unction
|fifteen
|-
|-
| letzte Salbung
|fünfzehnhundert
| last rites, extreme unction
|fifteen hundred
|-
|-
| Letzter
|fünfzehnte
| latter, last
|fifteenth
|-
|-
| letzter Wille
|fünfzig
| last will
|fifty
|-
|-
| links
|fünfzigste
| left
|fiftieth
|-
|-
| Lungenentzündung
|für
| pneumonia
|for
|-
|-
| Lungenschwindsucht
|Fürst
| consumption, tuberculosis
|prince, count
|-
|-
| lutherisch
|Fürstentum
| Lutheran
|principality
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}


==== M  ====
===G===


{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| '''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|G. = Gericht
|court
|-
|-
| Mädchen
|geb. = geboren
| girl
|born, maiden name
|-
|-
| Mädel
|Gem. = Gemeinde
| girl
|community, municipality, parish, town
|-
|-
| Magd
|gest. = gestorben
| maiden, maid, servant girl
|died
|-
|-
| Mägdlein
|get. = getauft
| girl, little girl
|baptized, christened
|-
|-
| Mai
|gez. = gezeichnet
| May
|signed
|-
|-
| Maler
|Gr. = Groß
| painter
|Great (part of place name)
|-
|-
| Mann
|Gärtner
| husband, man
|gardener
|-
|-
| männlich
|Gastwirt
| male
|innkeeper
|-
|-
| Markt
|Gatte
| market
|husband
|-
|-
| März
|Gattin
| March
|wife
|-
|-
| Masern
|geben, gab
| measles
|given, gave
|-
|-
| Matrikel
|Gebiet
| register
|region, area, zone
|-
|-
| Maurer
|geboren
| mason
|born, maiden name
|-
|-
| Meister, -meister
|Gebühren
| master
|fees
|-
|-
| Mennoniten
|Geburt
| Mennonites
|birth
|-
|-
| Metzger
|Geburtsort
| butcher
|place of birth
|-
|-
| Militär
|Geburtsschein
| military
|birth certificate
|-
|-
| minderjährig
|Geburtsurkunde
| underaged, minor
|birth certificate
|-
|-
| mit
|gegen
| with, via, by
|against, towards
|-
|-
| Mitglied
|(im) Gegenwart (der)
| member
|(in the) presence (of)
|-
|-
| Mittag
|gegenwärtig
| midday
|currently
|-
|-
| mittags
|geheiratet
| at noon
|married
|-
|-
| Mitternacht
|gehört
| midnight
|belongs (to)
|-
|-
| Mittwoch
|Geistliche(r)
| Wednesday
|clergyman
|-
|-
| Monat
|Gelbsucht
| month
|jaundice
|-
|-
| Montag
|Geld
| Monday
|money
|-
|-
| Morgen
|Gemahl(in)
| morning, tomorrow
|spouse, husband, wife
|-
|-
| Morgen (morgen)
|Gemeinde
| measure of land, 0.6 to 0.9 acres
|community, municipality, parish, town
|-
|-
| morgens
|Gemeindemann
| in the morning
|village official, village resident
|-
|-
| Mühle
|Gemeindsmann
| mill
|citizen with full rights
|-
|-
| mündlich
|gemelli
| verbal, verbally
|twins
|-
|-
| Mutter
|genannt
| Mother
|named, alias, called
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== N  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Genealogie
| '''English'''
|genealogy
|-
|-
| N.N. = nomen nescio
|genesen
| name not known
|delivered (of a child)
|-
|-
| nach
|Gerber
| to, after, according to
|tanner
|-
|-
| Nachbar
|Gericht
| neighbor
|court
|-
|-
| Nachbarschaft
|Gerichtsmann
| neighborhood
|juryman
|-
|-
| nachgelassen
|Gerichtsschöffe
| surviving
|member of the court
|-
|-
| Nachlaß
|Gerichtsschöppe
| estate, inheritance
|member of the court
|-
|-
| Nachmittag
|Gerichtsschreiber
| afternoon
|court clerk
|-
|-
| nachmittags
|Gerichtsverwandter
| in the afternoon
|member of the judicial court
|-
|-
| nächst(e)
|gesagt
| next
|said, stated
|-
|-
| Nacht
|Geschichte
| night
|history
|-
|-
| Näherin
|geschieden
| seamstress
|divorced
|-
|-
| Name
|Geschlecht
| name
|gender, sex, lineage
|-
|-
| nat. = natus, nata
|Geschlechterbücher
| born
|lineage books
|-
|-
| natus, nata
|Geschlechtsname
| born
|surname
|-
|-
| neben
|Geschwister
| next to
|siblings, brothers and sisters
|-
|-
| Nebenfrau
|Geschwisterkind
| concubine
|sibling's child (nephew, niece)
|-
|-
| Neffe
|Geschwulst
| nephew
|swelling, tumor
|-
|-
| Nervenfieber
|Geselle
| nervous fever
|journeyman
|-
|-
| neu
|Gesellschaft
| new
|society, group
|-
|-
| neun
|Gesetz
| nine
|law
|-
|-
| neunte
|gesetzlich
| ninth
|legal
|-
|-
| neunundzwanzigte
|gestern
| twenty-ninth
|yesterday
|-
|-
| neunzehn
|gestorben
| nineteen
|died
|-
|-
| neunzehnhundert
|Getaufte
| nineteen hundred
|person who was baptized
|-
|-
| neunzehnte
|getr. = getraut
| nineteenth
|married
|-
|-
| neunzig
|Getraute
| ninety
|married couple
|-
|-
| neunzigste
|Gevatter
| ninetieth
|godfather
|-
|-
| Nicht
|Gewerbe
| not
|trade, occupation
|-
|-
| Nichte
|gewerblos
| niece
|without occupation
|-
|-
| nichts
|Gicht
| nothing
|gout, arthritis
|-
|-
| nie
|Gilde
| never
|guild
|-
|-
| nieder
|Glaser
| lower
|glazier
|-
|-
| niederländisch
|Glasermeister
| Dutch, of the Netherlands
|master glazier
|-
|-
| noch
|Glaube
| still
|belief, faith
|-
|-
| noch lebende
|Glauben
| still living
|religious affiliation
|-
|-
| noch nicht
|gleich
| not yet
|same, alike, similar, right away
|-
|-
| Nord
|Gode
| north
|godmother
|-
|-
| Notizen
|Graf
| notices, miscellaneous records
|count (nobleman), earl
|-
|-
| Nottaufe
|Grafschaft
| emergency baptism
|county
|-
|-
| November
|Grenze
| November
|border
|-
|-
| Nummer
|groß
| number
|big, great, large
|-
|-
| nur
|Großeltern
| only
|grandparents
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== O  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|großjährig
| '''English'''
|of age
|-
|-
| O.A. = Oberamt
|Großmutter
| governing district office
|grandmother
|-
|-
| ober
|Großneffe
| upper, over
|great-nephew
|-
|-
| ober-, Ober-<br>(comb. form)
|Großnichte
| chief, head; upper, over
|great-niece
|-
|-
| Oberamt
|Großvater
| governing district office
|grandfather
|-
|-
| oder
|Grundbuch
| or
|land register
|-
|-
| öffentlich bekanntmachen
|Gulden
| make known publicly
|standard monetary unit, florin
|-
|-
| oft
|Gürtler
| often
|maker of straps and belts
|-
|-
| Oheim
|Gut
| uncle
|property, estate
|-
|-
| ohne
|gut
| without
|good
|-
|-
| Oktober
|Gutsbesitzer
| October
|Estate Owner
|-
|-
| Onkel
|Gutsverwalter
| uncle
|Estate Manager
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===H===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| Ort
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| place, town
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Ortslexikon
|Handzeichen
| gazetteer
|sign, symbol, mark
|-
|-
| Osten
|Hann. = Hannover
| east
|Hanover
|-
|-
| Ostern
|Herrsch. = Herrschaft
| Easter (could be March or April)
|manor, estate, domain
|-
|-
| Ostermonat
|herrschaftl. = herrschaftlich
| April
|(adj.) pertaining to the manor, estate, or domain (feudal Familiant)
|-
|-
| Ostern
|Hessen-N. = Hessen-Nassau
| Easter
|Prussian province of Hessen-Nassau
|-
|-
| Österreich
|hzl. = herzoglich
| Austria
|of the duke
|-
|-
| österreichisch
|Hzt. = Herzogtum
| Austrian
|duchy
|}
|-
 
|haben
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
|to have
 
|-
==== P  ====
|halb
 
|half
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|halb drei
| '''English'''
|half three = 2:30 (time)
|-
|-
| Pächter
|halb eins
| leaseholder
|half one = 12:30 (time)
|-
|-
| Pate
|halb zwei
| godfather
|half two = 1:30 (time)
|-
|-
| Paten
|Halbbauer
| godparents
|small farmer
|-
|-
| Pest
|Halbmeier
| plague
|small farmer
|-
|-
| Pfalz
|Halbzeugmacher
| Palatinate
|semi-finished product maker
|-
|-
| Pfarramt
|Hartung
| parish office
|January
|-
|-
| Pfarrbuch
|Händler
| parish register
|trader, merchant, peddler
|-
|-
| Pfarrei
|Haupt-
| parish
|chief, main
|-
|-
| Pfarrer
|Haus
| parish minister, pastor
|house
|-
|-
| Pfingsten
|Hausfrau
| Pentecost
|housewife
|-
|-
| Pflegekind
|Häusler
| foster child
|cottager
|-
|-
| Pflegesohn
|Hausmädchen
| foster son
|housemaid
|-
|-
| Pflegetochter
|Hebamme
| foster daughter
|midwife
|-
|-
| Platz
|Heilquelle
| place (location)
|spa, bath
|-
|-
| Pocken
|Heimat
| pox, smallpox
|home, native place, homeland
|-
|-
| Polen
|Heimatschein, hmtsch
| Poland
|domicile or residency certificate
|-
|-
| polnisch
|Heimatsort
| Polish
|place of birth, home town
|-
|-
| preußisch
|Heirat
| Prussia
|marriage
|-
|-
| Priester
|heiraten
| priest
|to marry
|-
|-
| Prinz
|Heiratsantrag
| prince
|marriage intentions
|-
|-
| Prinzessin
|Heiratsbelege
| princess
|marriage supplements
|-
|-
| protestantisch
|Heiratskontrakt
| Protestant
|marriage contracts
|-
|-
| Provinz
|Heiratsprotokolle
| province
|marriage records
|-
|-
| provinzial
|Heiratsschein
| provincial
|marriage certificate
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== R  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|heißt
| '''English'''
|is named
|-
|-
| Räbbe
|Hektar
| rabies
|hectare (10,000 square meters or 2.47 U.S. acres)
|-
|-
| Räcke
|Helfer
| stiffness of the limbs
|a helper, but in East Prussia a worker in a malt brewery
|-
|-
| Racker
|Heraldik
| renderer
|heraldry
|-
|-
| Rademacher, Radmacher
|Herkunftsort
| wheelwright
|place of origin
|-
|-
| Radhauer
|Herr
| wheelwright
|Mister, Lord, lord
|-
|-
| Rathaus
|Herrschaft
| city hall
|estate, dominion
|-
|-
| Ratsherr
|herrschaftlich
| alderman
|(adj.) pertaining to the manor, estate, or domain (feudal Familiant)
|-
|-
| Ratsmann
|Herzog
| councilman; town councilor
|duke
|-
|-
| Rechnung
|Herzogtum
| account; bill
|duchy
|-
|-
| rechtgläubig
|Hessische
| orthodox
|Hessian
|-
|-
| Rechsanwalt
|Heuerling
| lawyer
|dayworker, hireling
|-
|-
| reformiert
|Heuert, Heumonat
| reformed
|July
|-
|-
| Regierungsbezirk
|heute
| administrative area (a political jurisdiction)
|today
|-
|-
| Register
|hier
| register (a book or list)
|here
|-
|-
| Reich
|hiesig, hiesige, hiesiger, hiesigen
| empire; kingdom
|local
|-
|-
| Reifer
|hiesiger Ort
| ropemaker; rope merchant
|this place
|-
|-
| Reiter
|Hilfsbahnwärter
| rider; cavalryman
|railway linesman assistant, assistant signalman
|-
|-
| relicta
|Hinterbliebene
| widow
|survivors
|-
|-
| relictus
|hinterlassen
| widower
|surviving, left behind
|-
|-
| Religion
|Hirt
| religion
|herdsman
|-
|-
| ren. = renatus, renata
|hitziges Fieber
| baptized, christened
|burning fever, high fever
|-
|-
| Rentner
|hoch
| retired person
|high
|-
|-
| Rheuma
|Hochzeit
| rheumatism
|wedding
|-
|-
| Richter
|Hof
| judge
|courtyard, farm, yard, estate
|-
|-
| Rodel
|Hofprediger
| register
|chaplain
|-
|-
| Röseler
|Holländer
| whitewasher
|Dutchman, dairykeeper
|-
|-
| Rössler
|Hollandgänger
| horseman; tanner
|seasonal migrant worker from Germany working in the Netherlands
|-
|-
| römisch katholisch
|Hornung
| Roman Catholic
|February
|-
|-
| Röt
|Hüfner
| measles; bloody diarrhea
|farmer
|-
|-
| Rotgerber
|Hufschmied
| red tanner
|farrier, blacksmith
|-
|-
| Ruhestand
|Hügel
| retirement
|hill
|-
|-
| Ruhr
|hundert
| dysentery
|hundred
|-
|-
| russisch
|Hurenkind
| Russian
|illegitimate child
|-
|-
| Rußland
|Husten
| Russia
|cough
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}


==== S  ====
===I===


{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| '''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| S. = Seite
|ihr, ihr-
| page
|their, her
|-
|-
| s. = siehe
|im
| see the following reference
|in the
|-
|-
| Sachsen
|im Leben
| Saxony
|in life, while living
|-
|-
| Sackhuhn
|immer
| sailmaker
|always
|-
|-
| Säger
|in
| sawyer
|in, at
|-
|-
| Salbung
|Inhalt
| anointing
|content(s)
|-
|-
| Salzvogt
|innerhalb
| salt works overseer
|inside of
|-
|-
| Samstag
|Innung
| Saturday
|guild
|-
|-
| Sarkhauer
|Inspektor
| stonemason
|inspector
|-
|-
| Satertag
|Instmann
| Saturday
|tenant farmer
|-
|-
| Sattler
|ist
| saddler, leather worker
|is
|-
|-
| Schacherer
|itzo, itzt, itzund, jetzt, jetzo, jetzund
| peddler
|now
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===J===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| Schäfer
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| shepherd
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Schaffer
|Jachtaufe (jach = jäh, plötzlich)
| worker; laborer; administrator
|emergency baptism (jach = suddenly)
|-
|-
| Schäf(f)ler
|Jäger
| cooper
|hunter, rifleman in the military
|-
|-
| Schaffmann
|Jahr
| worker
|year
|-
|-
| Schaffner
|Jahrestag
| conductor
|anniversary
|-
|-
| Schalck, Schall
|Jahreszeit
| servant
|season
|-
|-
| Scharlach, Scharlachfieber
|Jahrhundert
| scarlet fever
|century
|-
|-
| Scharnemann
|jährlich
| merchant in a market
|annual, yearly
|-
|-
| Scharrmacher
|Jahrzehnt
| wagon builder
|decade
|-
|-
| Scharwerker
|Jänner
| day laborer on a farm
|January
|-
|-
| Schatter, Schattmann
|Januar
| tax assessor
|January
|-
|-
| Schatzmann
|jeder (jede, jedes)
| moneychanger; treasurer
|each, every
|-
|-
| Schatzmeister
|Jgfr. = Jungfrau, Jungfer
| treasurer
|maiden, virgin, unmarried woman
|-
|-
| Scheibenreisser
|Joe.
| glazier
|Latin abbreviation for Joannem
|-
|-
| Scheibler
|jüdisch
| salt carrier
|Jewish
|-
|-
| Scheiding
|Jugend
| September
|youth, adolescence
|-
|-
| Scheidler
|Juli
| knife-blade maker
|July
|-
|-
| Scheidung
|Julmonat
| divorce
|December
|-
|-
| Schein
|jung
| certificate
|young
|-
|-
| Schenkungen
|Junge
| donations
|a youth (male)
|-
|-
| Scherer
|Jungfrau, Jungfer
| barber; beardcutter; cloth cutter
|maiden, virgin, unmarried woman
|-
|-
| Schichtmeister
|Junggeselle
| mine paymaster
|bachelor
|-
|-
| Schiffbauer
|Jüngling
| shipbuilder
|bachelor, young man
|-
|-
| Schiffer
|jüngsthin
| shipper; seaman
|recently (such as the last/recently passed month)
|-
|-
| Schiffmann
|Juni
| sailor
|June
|-
|-
| Schiffsmakler
|Justmann
| shipbroker; shipping agent
|tenant farmer (East Prussian form of Instmann)
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===K===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| Schilderer
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| sign painter
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Schindeldecker
|K.K. = kaiserlich königlich
| roofer of shingle roofs
|royal imperial
|-
|-
| Schindelmacher
|Kaluppe, Kaluppner<br>Bohemian and Polish: Chalupa<br>Polish: chalupnik
| shingle maker
|A dilapidated house. By extension, a resident of such a house.
|-
|-
| Schinner
|Kammerfrau
| renderer, skinner
|lady-in-waiting
|-
|-
| Schirmmacher
|Kantor
| umbrella maker
|choirmaster, organist
|-
|-
| Schirrmacher
|Karpe
| wagon maker
|carpenter
|-
|-
| Schirrmeister
|Karte
| master wagon maker
|map
|-
|-
| Schlachter, Schlächter
|Karrer
| butcher
|carter
|-
|-
| Schlachtmann
|Kartei
| butcher
|card index
|-
|-
| Schlachtwanter
|Kassierer
| clothing wholesaler
|cashier, collector
|-
|-
| Schlafbaas
|Kathenmann, Katenmann
| innkeeper
|cottager
|-
|-
| Schlaganfall
|Käthner, Kätner
| stroke, seizure
|cottager
|-
|-
| Schlagfluß
|katholisch
| stroke
|Catholic
|-
|-
| Schlieper
|kaufen
| knifemaker; cutler
|to buy
|-
|-
| Schlieter
|Kaufmann
| merchant
|merchant
|-
|-
| Schloß
|kein
| castle
|no, not any, none
|-
|-
| Schlosser
|Keller
| locksmith
|wine steward; cellar, basement
|-
|-
| Schlotfeger
|Kellner
| chimneysweep
|waiter, receiver of revenues; steward
|-
|-
| Schlotthauer
|Kessler
| locksmith
|kettlemaker
|-
|-
| Schmied
|Keuchhusten
| smith
|whooping cough
|-
|-
| Schneider
|Kiefer
| tailor
|cooper, barrel maker
|-
|-
| Schnitzer, Schnitzler
|Kind
| woodcarver
|baby
|-
|-
| Schopper
|Kindbetterin
| ship's carpenter
|woman in or shortly after childbirth
|-
|-
| Schornsteinfeger
|Kindbettfieber
| chimneysweep
|childbed fever
|-
|-
| Schosserheber
|Kinder
| tax collector
|children
|-
|-
| Schösser
|Kirche
| tax collector
|church
|-
|-
| Schotte
|Kirchenältester
| peddler
|churchwarden, church elder, vestryman
|-
|-
| Schottler
|Kirchenbuch
| turner; key maker
|parish register
|-
|-
| Schottilier
|Kirchengemeinde
| turner; carpenter
|parish
|-
|-
| Schreiber
|Kirchenpfleger
| scribe, clerk
|churchwarden
|-
|-
| Schreiner
|Kirchenrodel
| cabinetmaker, joiner
|parish register
|-
|-
| Schriftsetzer
|Kirchensprengel
| typesetter
|parish
|-
|-
| Schroder, Schröder
|Kirchenvorsteher
| tailor
|churchwarden
|-
|-
| Schröer
|Kirchhöre
| tailor
|church parish
|-
|-
| Schröter
|kirchlich
| tailor; carter; driver; cooper
|pertaining to church
|-
|-
| Schubarth, Schuberth, Schubring
|Kirchrat
| shoemaker
|member of a church council
|-
|-
| Schuchard, Schucherd, Schuchmann, Schuckert
|Kirchspiel
| shoemaker
|parish
|-
|-
| Schuhmacher
|Kläger(in), Klr.
| shoemaker, cobbler
|plaintiff
|-
|-
| Schule
|klein
| school
|little
|-
|-
| Schullehrer
|Knabe
| schoolteacher
|boy
|-
|-
| Schultheiß, Schulze
|Knecht
| village mayor, head of town council
|servant
|-
|-
| Schüssler
|Köbler (used in Franken and Oberpfalz, Bayern)
| bowl maker
|cottager
|-
|-
| Schuster
|Kolonist
| shoemaker, cobbler
|settler, colonist, farmer
|-
|-
| Schuwarte
|Kommunikant
| shoemaker
|communicant
|-
|-
| Schwäche
|Kommunion
| weakness
|communion
|-
|-
| Schwager
|Konfirmation
| brother-in-law
|confirmation
|-
|-
| Schwägerin
|Konditormeister
| sister-in-law
|master cake-maker
|-
|-
| Schwaiger
|Konfitenten
| shepherd
|confessants
|-
|-
| schwanger
|König
| pregnant
|king
|-
|-
| schwarz
|königlich
| black
|royal
|-
|-
| schwarzer Tod
|Königreich
| black death; plague
|kingdom
|-
|-
| Schwarzgiesser
|Kooperator
| iron smelter
|non-governing clergyman (like a chaplain) assigned to a parish/pastor
|-
|-
| Schwein(e)hirt(h)
|Kopulation
| pigherd
|marriage
|-
|-
| Schweisser
|kopulieren
| welder
|to marry
|-
|-
| Schweiz
|Kossat, Kossät, Kossath
| Switzerland
|cottager
|-
|-
| Schweizer
|Kossattin
| Swiss; also a dairyman
|female cottager
|-
|-
| Schwendimann
|Kötter, Kötner, Köthner
| settler on recently burned woodland
|small farmer, cottager
|-
|-
| Schwerdtfeger
|Krämer
| armorer
|grocer, small retailer
|-
|-
| Schwester
|Krämpfe
| sister
|cramps,, convulsions
|-
|-
| Schwiegermutter
|Krankheit
| mother-in-law
|disease, sickness
|-
|-
| Schwiegersohn
|Krankheit oder andere Todesart
| son-in-law
|cause of death (in a heading)
|-
|-
| Schwiegertochter
|Krankheit und Todesart nach Ausweis der Todtenbeschau
| daughter-in-law
|cause of death (in a heading)
|-
|-
| Schwiegervater
|Krankheit oder Todesursache nach Ausweis der Todtenbeschau
| father-in-law
|cause of death (in a heading)
|-
|-
| Schwindsucht
|Krebs
| consumption
|cancer
|-
|-
| S.d. = Sohn des, der
|Kreis
| son of
|county
|-
|-
| sechs
|Krieg
| six
|war
|-
|-
| sechste
|Kröger, Krogmann
| sixth
|innkeeper
|-
|-
| sechsundzwanzig
|Küfer
| twenty-six
|cooper, barrel maker
|-
|-
| sechsundzwanzigste
|Kuhhirte
| twenty-sixth
|cowherd
|-
|-
| sechzehnhundert
|Kupferschmied
| sixteen hundred
|coppersmith
|-
|-
| sechzehn
|Kurort
| sixteen
|spa
|-
|-
| sechzehnte
|Kusine
| sixteenth
|female cousin
|-
|-
| sechzig
|Küster
| sixty
|sexton
|-
|-
| sechzigste  
|Kutscher
| sixtieth
|coachman
|-
|}
| See  
 
| lake
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===L===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|Land
|land, country
|-
|Landarbeiter
|farmhand
|-
|Landkarte
|map
|-
|Landwirt
|farmer
|-
|lassen
|to let, leave, allow
|-
|lebendig
|living
|-
|ledig
|single, unmarried
|-
|legitimiert
|made legitimate, legitimized
|-
|Lehrer
|teacher
|-
|Lehrling
|apprentice
|-
|Leiche
|corpse, body
|-
|Leichenpredigt
|funeral sermon
|-
|Leinenweber
|linen weaver
|-
|Lenz
|spring (season)
|-
|letzte Ölung
|last rites, extreme unction
|-
|letzte Salbung
|last rites, extreme unction
|-
|Letzter
|latter, last
|-
|letzter Wille
|last will
|-
|links
|left
|-
|Lippische Ziegler
|migrant bricklayers from the Principality of Lippe working in Germany, Brandenburg, the Netherlands, or Denmark
|-
|lohgerbermeister
|master tanner
|-
|Lungenentzündung
|pneumonia
|-
|Lungenschwindsucht
|consumption, tuberculosis
|-
|lutherisch
|Lutheran
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===M===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|mannschaftl. = mannschaftlich
|(adj.) pertaining to a group of men (Jewish Familiant, especially used in Moravia)
|-
|Mädchen
|girl
|-
|Mädel
|girl
|-
|Magd
|maiden, maid, servant girl
|-
|Mägdlein
|girl, little girl
|-
|Mai
|May
|-
|Maler
|painter
|-
|Mann
|husband, man
|-
|männlich
|male
|-
|mannschaftlich
|(adj.) pertaining to a group of men (Jewish Familiant, especially used in Moravia)
|-
|Mariengroschen, Mgr.
|Mariengroschen (German currency)
|-
|Markt
|market
|-
|März
|March
|-
|Masern
|measles
|-
|Matrikel
|register
|-
|Matrose
|Bluejacket, Sailor
|-
|Maurer
|mason
|-
|Mautner
|customs official
|-
|Meister, -meister
|master
|-
|Mennoniten
|Mennonites
|-
|Messerschmied
|cutler, knifesmith
|-
|Metzger, Mezger
|butcher
|-
|Meubelfabrakant
|furniture manufacturer
|-
|Militär
|military
|-
|minderjährig
|underaged, minor
|-
|mit
|with, via, by
|-
|Mitglied
|member
|-
|Mittag
|midday
|-
|mittags
|at noon
|-
|Mitternacht
|midnight
|-
|Mittwoch
|Wednesday
|-
|Monat
|month
|-
|Montag
|Monday
|-
|Morgen
|morning, tomorrow
|-
|Morgen (morgen)
|measure of land, 0.6 to 0.9 acres
|-
|morgens
|in the morning
|-
|müheseelig Mench
|handicapped person
|-
|Mühle
|mill
|-
|Mühlerbesitzer
|mill owner
|-
|Mühlenpächter
|mill tenant
|-
|Mullnäher
|Occupation: cheesecloth (gauze) stitcher (sewer)
|-
|mündlich
|verbal, verbally
|-
|Mutter
|Mother
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===N===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|N.N. = nomen nescio
|name not known
|-
|nach
|to, after, according to
|-
|Nachbar
|neighbor
|-
|Nachbarschaft
|neighborhood
|-
|nachgelassen
|surviving
|-
|Nachlaß
|estate, inheritance
|-
|Nachmittag
|afternoon
|-
|nachmittags
|in the afternoon
|-
|nächst(e)
|next
|-
|Nacht
|night
|-
|Näherin
|seamstress
|-
|Name
|name
|-
|Namensfertiger, Nftgr.
|person who signs for illiterate people
|-
|nat. = natus, nata
|born
|-
|natus, nata
|born
|-
|neben
|next to
|-
|Nebenfrau
|concubine
|-
|Neffe
|nephew
|-
|nemlich
|namely, same, by name (variant of nämlich)
|-
|Nervenfieber
|nervous fever, nerve fever, sometimes means typhus
|-
|neu
|new
|-
|neun
|nine
|-
|neunte
|ninth
|-
|neunundzwanzigte
|twenty-ninth
|-
|neunzehn
|nineteen
|-
|neunzehnhundert
|nineteen hundred
|-
|neunzehnte
|nineteenth
|-
|neunzig
|ninety
|-
|neunzigste
|ninetieth
|-
|Nicht
|not
|-
|Nichte
|niece
|-
|nichts
|nothing
|-
|nie
|never
|-
|nieder
|lower
|-
|niederländisch
|Dutch, of the Netherlands
|-
|noch
|still
|-
|noch lebende
|still living
|-
|noch nicht
|not yet
|-
|Nord
|north
|-
|Notizen
|notices, miscellaneous records
|-
|Nottaufe
|emergency baptism
|-
|November
|November
|-
|Nummer
|number
|-
|nur
|only
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===O===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|O.A. = Oberamt
|governing district office
|-
|ober
|upper, over
|-
|ober-, Ober-<br>(comb. form)
|chief, head; upper, over
|-
|Oberamt
|governing district office
|-
|Oberpostamtmann
|Head postmaster (or Chief Postoffice officer)
|-
|oder
|or
|-
|öffentlich bekanntmachen
|make known publicly
|-
|oft
|often
|-
|Oheim, Ohm
|maternal uncle
|-
|ohne
|without
|-
|ohne besonderes Gewerbe
|without any particular occupation
|-
|Oktober
|October
|-
|Onkel
|uncle
|-
|Ort
|place, town
|-
|Ortslexikon
|gazetteer
|-
|Osten
|east
|-
|Ostern
|Easter (could be March or April)
|-
|Ostermonat
|April
|-
|Ostern
|Easter
|-
|Österreich
|Austria
|-
|österreichisch
|Austrian
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===P===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|Pächter
|leaseholder
|-
|Pate
|godfather
|-
|Paten
|godparents
|-
|Patin
|godmother
|-
|Pest
|plague
|-
|Pfalz
|Palatinate
|-
|Pfarramt
|parish office
|-
|Pfarrbuch
|parish register
|-
|Pfarrei
|parish
|-
|Pfarrer
|parish minister, pastor
|-
|Pfarrverweser
|curate in charge of the church parish
|-
|Pfingsten
|Pentecost
|-
|Pflegekind
|foster child
|-
|Pflegesohn
|foster son
|-
|Pflegetochter
|foster daughter
|-
|Pfleggericht
|district court, local court (older form of Amtsgericht)
|-
|Plätterin
|ironer
|-
|Platz
|place (location)
|-
|Pocken
|pox, smallpox
|-
|Polen
|Poland
|-
|polnisch
|Polish
|-
|Posamentierer
|A worker in the art of Posament. Posament is a technique where metal wires or threads are braided and knotted into ornaments and then sewn onto textiles. Braiding and knotting can be used together or separately.
|-
|preußisch
|Prussia
|-
|Priester
|priest
|-
|Prinz
|prince
|-
|Prinzessin
|princess
|-
|protestantisch
|Protestant
|-
|Provinz
|province
|-
|provinzial
|provincial
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===R===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|Räbbe
|rabies
|-
|Rabbiner
|rabbi
|-
|Räcke
|stiffness of the limbs
|-
|Racker
|renderer
|-
|Rademacher, Radmacher
|wheelwright
|-
|Radhauer
|wheelwright
|-
|Rathaus
|city hall
|-
|Ratsherr
|alderman
|-
|Ratsmann
|councilman; town councilor
|-
|Rechnung
|account; bill
|-
|rechtgläubig
|orthodox
|-
|Rechtsanwalt
|lawyer
|-
|reformiert
|reformed
|-
|Regierungsbezirk
|administrative area (a political jurisdiction)
|-
|Register
|register (a book or list)
|-
|Reich
|empire; kingdom
|-
|Reifer
|ropemaker; rope merchant
|-
|Reiter
|rider; cavalryman
|-
|relicta
|widow
|-
|relictus
|widower
|-
|Religion
|religion
|-
|ren. = renatus, renata
|baptized, christened
|-
|Rentner
|retired person
|-
|Rheuma
|rheumatism
|-
|Richter
|judge
|-
|Rodel
|register
|-
|Röseler
|whitewasher
|-
|Rössler
|horseman; tanner
|-
|römisch katholisch
|Roman Catholic
|-
|Röt
|measles; bloody diarrhea
|-
|Rotgerber
|red tanner
|-
|Rotsucht, Rothsucht
|rubeola, measles
|-
|Ruhestand
|retirement
|-
|Ruhr
|dysentery
|-
|russisch
|Russian
|-
|Rußland
|Russia
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===S===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|S. = Seite
|page
|-
|s. = siehe
|see the following reference
|-
|Sachsen
|Saxony
|-
|Sackhuhn
|sailmaker
|-
|Säger
|sawyer
|-
|Salbung
|anointing
|-
|Salzmesser
|a salt weigher
|-
|Salzvogt
|salt works overseer
|-
|Samstag
|Saturday
|-
|Sarkhauer
|stonemason
|-
|Satertag
|Saturday
|-
|Sattler
|saddler, leather worker
|-
|Schacherer
|peddler
|-
|Schäfer
|shepherd
|-
|Schaffer
|worker; laborer; administrator
|-
|Schäf(f)ler
|cooper
|-
|Schaffmann
|worker
|-
|Schaffner
|conductor
|-
|Schalbelehnter,
Schaalbelehnter
|one who works with scales, a weigher
|-
|Schalck, Schall
|servant
|-
|Scharlach, Scharlachfieber
|scarlet fever
|-
|Schänker / Schenker
|tavernkeeper; an innkeeper who taps beer or wine
|-
|Scharnemann
|merchant in a market
|-
|Scharrmacher
|wagon builder
|-
|Scharwerker
|day laborer on a farm
|-
|Schatter, Schattmann
|tax assessor
|-
|Schatzmann
|moneychanger; treasurer
|-
|Schatzmeister
|treasurer
|-
|Scheibenreisser
|glazier
|-
|Scheibler
|salt carrier
|-
|Scheiding
|September
|-
|Scheidler
|knife-blade maker
|-
|Scheidung
|divorce
|-
|Schein
|certificate
|-
|Schenkungen
|donations
|-
|Scherer
|barber; beardcutter; cloth cutter
|-
|Schichtmeister
|mine paymaster
|-
|Schiffbauer
|shipbuilder
|-
|Schiffer
|shipper; seaman
|-
|Schiffmann
|sailor
|-
|Schiffsmakler
|shipbroker; shipping agent
|-
|Schilderer
|sign painter
|-
|Schindeldecker
|roofer of shingle roofs
|-
|Schindelmacher
|shingle maker
|-
|Schinner
|renderer, skinner
|-
|Schirmmacher
|umbrella maker
|-
|Schirrmacher
|wagon maker
|-
|Schirrmeister
|master wagon maker
|-
|Schlachter, Schlächter
|butcher
|-
|Schlachtmann
|butcher
|-
|Schlachtwanter
|clothing wholesaler
|-
|Schlafbaas
|innkeeper
|-
|Schlaganfall
|stroke, seizure
|-
|Schlagfluß
|stroke
|-
|Schlieper
|knifemaker; cutler
|-
|Schlieter
|merchant
|-
|Schloß
|castle
|-
|Schlosser
|locksmith
|-
|Schlotfeger
|chimneysweep
|-
|Schlotthauer
|locksmith
|-
|Schmied
|smith
|-
|Schneide Müllergeselle
|sawmiller's assistant
|-
|Schneider
|tailor
|-
|Schnitzer, Schnitzler
|woodcarver
|-
|Schopper
|ship's carpenter
|-
|Schornsteinfeger
|chimneysweep
|-
|Schosserheber
|tax collector
|-
|Schösser
|tax collector
|-
|Schotte
|peddler
|-
|Schottler
|turner; key maker
|-
|Schottilier
|turner; carpenter
|-
|Schreiber
|scribe, clerk
|-
|Schreiner
|cabinetmaker, joiner
|-
|Schriftsetzer
|typesetter, typographer
|-
|Schroder, Schröder
|tailor
|-
|Schröer
|tailor
|-
|Schröter
|tailor; carter; driver; cooper
|-
|Schubarth, Schuberth, Schubring
|shoemaker
|-
|Schuchard, Schucherd, Schuchmann, Schuckert
|shoemaker
|-
|Schuhmacher
|shoemaker, cobbler
|-
|Schule
|school
|-
|Schullehrer
|schoolteacher
|-
|Schultheiß, Schulze
|village mayor, head of town council
|-
|Schüssler
|bowl maker
|-
|Schuster
|shoemaker, cobbler
|-
|Schutzmann
|policeman
|-
|Schuwarte
|shoemaker
|-
|Schwäche
|weakness
|-
|Schwager
|brother-in-law
|-
|Schwägerin
|sister-in-law
|-
|Schwaiger
|shepherd
|-
|schwanger
|pregnant
|-
|schwarz
|black
|-
|schwarzer Tod
|black death; plague
|-
|Schwarzgiesser
|iron smelter
|-
|Schwein(e)hirt(h)
|pigherd
|-
|Schweisser
|welder
|-
|Schweiz
|Switzerland
|-
|Schweizer
|Swiss; also a dairyman
|-
|Schwendimann
|settler on recently burned woodland
|-
|Schwerdtfeger
|armorer
|-
|Schwester
|sister
|-
|Schwiegermutter
|mother-in-law
|-
|Schwiegersohn
|son-in-law
|-
|Schwiegertochter
|daughter-in-law
|-
|Schwiegervater
|father-in-law
|-
|Schwindsucht
|consumption
|-
|S.d. = Sohn des, der
|son of
|-
|sechs
|six
|-
|sechste
|sixth
|-
|sechsundzwanzig
|twenty-six
|-
|sechsundzwanzigste
|twenty-sixth
|-
|sechzehnhundert
|sixteen hundred
|-
|sechzehn
|sixteen
|-
|sechzehnte
|sixteenth
|-
|sechzig
|sixty
|-
|sechzigste
|sixtieth
|-
|See
|lake
|-
|Seelen
|souls
|-
|Seelenregister
|church membership list
|-
|Seelsorger
|minister, chaplain
|-
|Seemann
|sailor
|-
|Segner
|fisherman
|-
|Seifensieder
|soap maker
|-
|Seigner
|fisherman
|-
|Seiler
|rope maker
|-
|sein
|to be; his
|-
|seit
|since
|-
|(mütterlicher/väterlicher) Seits
|on the (maternal/paternal) side
|-
|Seite
|page
|-
|Seitenstechen
|stitch, pain in the side
|-
|selige
|(the) late, blessed
|-
|September
|September
|-
|Sibber
|sieve maker
|-
|Sibmacher
|sieve maker
|-
|sich
|himself, herself, itself
|-
|sie
|she, they
|-
|Sie
|you
|-
|sieben
|seven
|-
|siebente
|seventh
|-
|siebenundzwanzigste
|twenty-seventh
|-
|siebte
|seventh
|-
|siebzehn
|seventeen
|-
|siebzehnhundert
|seventeen hundred
|-
|siebzehnte
|seventeenth
|-
|siebzig
|seventy
|-
|siebzigste
|seventieth
|-
|Sieder
|soap maker
|-
|Siedler
|settler
|-
|siehe
|see
|-
|Sigrist
|sexton
|-
|sind
|are
|-
|so
|as, so, thus, such
|-
|Sohn
|son
|-
|Söhnlein, Söhnchen
|young son
|-
|Soldat
|soldier
|-
|Sölde
|plot of land
|-
|Söldner
|mercenary soldier, day laborer, or farmer
|-
|sollen
|should
|-
|Sonnabend
|Saturday
|-
|-
| Seelen
|Sonntag
| souls
|Sunday
|-
|-
| Seelenregister
|spät
| church membership list
|late (p.m.)
|-
|-
| Seelsorger
|Spengler
| minister, chaplain
|plumber; tinsmith
|-
|-
| Seemann
|spur. = spurius, spuria
| sailor
|illegitimate
|-
|-
| Segner
|Staat
| fisherman
|state
|-
|-
| Seifensieder
|Staatsangehörigkeit
| soap maker
|citizenship, nationality
|-
|-
| Seigner
|Staatsarchiv
| fisherman
|state archives
|-
|-
| Seiler
|Stadt
| rope maker
|city
|-
|-
| sein
|Stammbaum
| to be; his
|family tree, pedigree
|-
|-
| seit
|Stand
| since
|occupation, status, condition
|-
|-
| Seite
|Standesamt
| page
|civil registrar’s office
|-
|-
| selige
|starb
| (the) late, blessed
|died
|-
|-
| September
|Steinhauer
| September
|stonecutter
|-
|-
| Sibber
|Steinmetz
| sieve maker
|stonemason
|-
|-
| Sibmacher
|stellen
| sieve maker
|place, put, impose
|-
|-
| sich
|Stellmacher
| himself, herself, itself
|wheelwright, cartwright (a craftsman who builds or repairs wooden wheels.)
|-
|-
| sie
|Sterbefälle
| she, they
|deaths
|-
|-
| Sie
|sterben
| you
|to die
|-
|-
| sieben
|Steuer
| seven
|tax
|-
|-
| siebente
|Stickfluß
| seventh
|asthma
|-
|-
| siebenundzwanzigste
|Stiefbruder
| twenty-seventh
|half brother, stepbrother
|-
|-
| siebte
|Stiefkind
| seventh
|stepchild
|-
|-
| siebzehn
|Stiefmutter
| seventeen
|stepmother
|-
|-
| siebzehnhundert
|Stiefschwester
| seventeen hundred
|half sister, stepsister
|-
|-
| siebzehnte
|Stiefvater
| seventeenth
|stepfather
|-
|-
| siebzig
|Stillgeburt
| seventy
|stillbirth
|-
|-
| siebzigste
|Straße
| seventieth
|street
|-
|-
| Sieder
|Stunde
| soap maker
|hour
|-
|-
| siehe
|Sucht
| see
|sickness, mania, rage
|-
|-
| Sigrist
|Süden
| sexton
|south
|-
|-
| sind
|S.v. = Sohn von
| are
|son of
|-
|}
| so
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
| as, so, thus, such
 
|-
===T===
| Sohn  
 
| son
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| Söhnlein, Söhnchen
| young son
|-
| Soldat
| soldier
|-
| Söldner
| mercenary soldier; day laborer
|-
| sollen
| should
|-
| Sonnabend
| Saturday
|-
| Sonntag
| Sunday
|-
| spät
| late (p.m.)
|-
|-
| Spengler
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| plumber; tinsmith
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| spur. = spurius, spuria
|T.d. = Tochter des, der
| illegitimate
|daughter of
|-
|-
| Staat
|T.v. = Tochter von
| state
|daughter of
|-
|-
| Staatsangehörigkeit
|Tabelle
| citizenship, nationality
|index, table
|-
|-
| Staatsarchiv
|Tag
| state archives
|day
|-
|-
| Stadt
|Tagelöhner, Taglöhner
| city
|day laborer
|-
|-
| Stammbaum
|Tagner
| family tree, pedigree
|day laborer
|-
|-
| Stand
|Tal, Thal
| occupation, status, condition
|valley
|-
|-
| Standesamt
|Tante
| civil registrar’s office
|aunt
|-
|-
| starb
|Tapazier
| died
|(wall)paper hanger
|-
|-
| Steinhauer
|Tapeten
| stonecutter
|wallpaper, hangings
|-
|-
| Steinmetz
|Tapezierer
| stonemason
|Upholsterer
|-
|-
| stellen
|Tapezierergehilfe
| place, put, impose
|Assistant upholsterer
|-
|-
| Stellmacher
|Tapezierergehilfin
| wheelwright
|Assistant upholsterer
|-
|-
| Sterbefälle
|Tapeziermeister
| deaths
|Master upholsterer
|-
|-
| sterben
|Taufe
| to die
|baptism
|-
|-
| Steuer
|taufen
| tax
|to baptize
|-
|-
| Stickfluß
|Taufpaten
| asthma
|godparents
|-
|-
| Stiefbruder
|Taufschein
| half brother, stepbrother
|baptismal certificate
|-
|-
| Stiefkind
|tausend
| stepchild
|thousand
|-
|-
| Stiefmutter
|Telegraphenberwerkmeister
| stepmother
|senior Telegraph foreman
|-
|-
| Stiefschwester
|Testament
| half sister, stepsister
|will
|-
|-
| Stiefvater
|Tischler
| stepfather
|cabinetmaker, furniture maker
|-
|-
| Stillgeburt
|Tochter
| stillbirth
|daughter
|-
|-
| Straße
|Töchterchen
| street
|young daughter
|-
|-
| Stunde
|Töchterlein
| hour
|young daughter
|-
|-
| Sucht
|Tochtermann
| sickness, mania, rage
|son-in-law
|-
|-
| Süden
|Tod
| south
|death
|-
|-
| S.v. = Sohn von
|Todesart
| son of
|manner of death
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== T  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Töpfer
| '''English'''
|potter
|-
|-
| T.d. = Tochter des, der
|tot
| daughter of
|dead
|-
|-
| T.v. = Tochter von
|Totengräber
| daughter of
|grave digger
|-
|-
| Tabelle
|totgeboren, todtgeboren
| index, table
|stillborn
|-
|-
| Tag
|Trauung
| day
|marriage
|-
|-
| Tagelöhner
|Trennung
| day laborer
|separation, divorce
|-
|-
| Tagner
|tschechisch
| day laborer
|Czech
|-
|-
| Tal, Thal
|Tschechoslowakai
| valley
|Czechoslovakia
|-
|-
| Tante
|Tschismenmacher
| aunt
|shoemaker, maker of Hungarian boots
|-
|-
| Tapazier
|Tuberkulose
| (wall)paper hanger
|tuberculosis
|-
|-
| Taufe
|Tuchbereiter
| baptism
| cloth-dresser (cropper)
|-
|-
| taufen
|Tuchmacher
| to baptize
|cloth maker, draper
|-
|-
| Taufpaten
|Tumor
| godparents
|tumor
|-
| Taufschein
| baptismal certificate
|-
| tausend
| thousand
|-
| Testament
| will
|-
| Tischler
| cabinetmaker, furniture maker
|-
| Tochter
| daughter
|-
| Töchterchen
| young daughter
|-
| Töchterlein
| young daughter
|-
| Tochtermann
| son-in-law
|-
| Tod
| death
|-
| Todesart
| manner of death
|-
| Töpfer
| potter
|-
| tot
| dead
|-
| Totengräber
| grave digger
|-
| totgeboren
| stillborn
|-
| Trauung
| marriage
|-
| Trennung
| separation, divorce
|-
| tschechisch
| Czech
|-
| Tschechoslowakai
| Czechoslovakia
|-
| Tuberkulose
| tuberculosis
|-
| Tuchmacher
| cloth maker, draper
|-
| Tumor  
| tumor
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}


==== U ====
===U===


über  
über  
Line 3,155: Line 4,414:
{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| '''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|u.d. = und des, und der
|and of
|-
|-
| u.d. = und des, und der
|über
| and of
|about, concerning, over
|-
|-
| über
|überleben
| about, concerning, over
|survive
|-
|-
| überleben
|Uhr
| survive
|o’clock, clock, watch
|-
|-
| Uhr
|um
| o’clock, clock, watch
|at, about, around, concerning
|-
|-
| um
|unbekannt
| at, about, around, concerning
|unknown
|-
|-
| unbekannt
|und
| unknown
|and
|-
|-
| und  
|und der
| and
|and of
|-
|-
| und der
|und des
| and of
|and of
|-
|-
| und des
|unehelich
| and of
|illegitimate
|-
|-
| unehelich
|ungarisch
| illegitimate
|Hungarian
|-
|-
| ungarisch
|Ungarn
| Hungarian
|Hungary
|-
|-
| Ungarn
|ungefähr
| Hungary
|about, circa, approximately
|-
|-
| ungefähr
|uns
| about, circa, approximately
|us
|-
|-
| uns
|unter
| us
|under, lower
|-
|-
| unter
|Unterleib
| under, lower
|abdomen
|-
|-
| Unterleib
|Unterleibsentzündung
| abdomen
|abdominal inflammation, peritonitis
|-
|-
| Unterleibsentzündung
|Unterleibstyphus
| abdominal inflammation, peritonitis
|typhoid fever
|-
|-
| Unterleibstyphus
|Unterleibsverhärtung
| typhoid fever
|abdomenal hardening
|-
|-
| Unterleibsverhärtung
|Unterrichter
| abdomenal hardening
|judge
|-
|-
| Unterrichter
|Unterschrieben
| judge
|signed
|-
|-
| Unterschrieben
|Unterschrift
| signed
|signature
|-
|-
| Unterschrift
|Unterzeichnete
| signature
|the undersigned
|-
|-
| Unterzeichnete
|unverheiratet, unverehelicht
| the undersigned
|unmarried
|-
|-
| unverheiratet
|unzeitiges Kind
| unmarried
|premature child
|-
|-
| Urenkelkind  
|Urenkelkind
| great-grandchild
|great-grandchild
|-
|-
| Urgroßmutter  
|Urgroßmutter
| great-grandmother
|great-grandmother
|-
|-
| Urgroßvater  
|Urgroßvater
| great-grandfather
|great-grandfather
|-
|-
| Urkunde  
|Urkunde
| record, document
|record, document
|-
|-
| Ururgroßmutter  
|Ururgroßmutter
| great-great-grandmother
|great-great-grandmother
|-
|-
| Ururgroßvater  
|Ururgroßvater
| great-great-grandfather
|great-great-grandfather
|-
|-
| ux. = uxor  
|ux. = uxor
| wife
|wife
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}


==== V ====
===V===


{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| '''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Vater  
|Vater
| father
|father
|-
|-
| verehelicht  
|verehelicht
| married
|married
|-
|-
| Verehelichung  
|Verehelichung
| marriage
|marriage
|-
|-
| vergangen  
|vergangen
| past
|past
|-
|-
| vergraben  
|vergraben
| buried
|buried
|-
|-
| verh. = verheiratet  
|verh. = verheiratet
| married
|married
|-
|-
| Verkäufer  
|Verkäufer
| seller, vendor
|seller, vendor
|-
|-
| verl. = verlobt  
|verl. = verlobt
| engaged
|engaged
|-
|-
| verlebte  
|verlebte
| deceased
|deceased
|-
|-
| verloben, sich  
|verloben, sich
| to become engaged
|to become engaged
|-
|-
| Verlobte  
|Verlobte
| fiancée
|fiancée
|-
|-
| Verlobter  
|Verlobter
| fiancé
|fiancé
|-
|-
| Verlobung  
|Verlobung
| betrothal, engagement
|betrothal, engagement
|-
|-
| Vermieter  
|Vermieter
| landlord, lessor
|landlord, lessor
|-
|-
| Vermögen  
|Vermögen
| estate, assets
|estate, assets
|-
|-
| Verpächter  
|Verpächter
| landlord, lessor
|landlord, lessor
|-
|-
| verrichtet  
|verrichtet
| performed
|performed
|-
|-
| verschiedene  
|verschiedene
| various
|various
|-
|-
| versehen  
|versehen
| given the last rights, extreme unction (e.g., dates in context of a death record)
|given the last rights, extreme unction (e.g., dates in context of a death record)
|-
|-
| Verstopfung  
|Verstopfung
| constipation
|constipation
|-
|-
| verstorben  
|verstorben
| deceased, defunct
|deceased, defunct
|-
|-
| Verstorbene  
|Verstorbene
| the deceased
|the deceased
|-
|-
| Verwaltung  
|Verwaltung
| administration
|administration
|-
|-
| Verwandten  
|Verwandten
| relatives
|relatives
|-
|-
| Verwandtschaft  
|Verwandtschaft
| relationship
|relationship
|-
|-
| verwitwet  
|verwitwet
| widowed
|widowed
|-
|-
| Verzeichnis  
|Verzeichnis
| register, list, index
|register, list, index
|-
|-
| Vetter  
|Vetter
| male cousin
|male cousin
|-
|-
| vid. = viduus, vidua  
|vid. = viduus, vidua
| widower, widow
|widower, widow
|-
|-
| vielleicht  
|vielleicht
| perhaps, maybe
|perhaps, maybe
|-
|-
| vier  
|vier
| four
|four
|-
|-
| vierte  
|vierte
| fourth
|fourth
|-
|-
| vierundzwanzigste  
|vierundzwanzigste
| twenty-fourth
|twenty-fourth
|-
|-
| vierzehn  
|vierzehn
| fourteen
|fourteen
|-
|-
| vierzehnte  
|vierzehnte
| fourteenth
|fourteenth
|-
|-
| vierzig  
|vierzig
| forty
|forty
|-
|-
| vierzigste  
|vierzigste
| fortieth
|fortieth
|-
|-
| Vogt  
|Vogt
| steward, overseer
|steward, overseer
|-
|-
| Voigt  
|Voigt
| steward, overseer
|steward, overseer
|-
|-
| Volkszählung  
|Volkszählung
| census
|census
|-
|-
| volljährig  
|volljährig
| of age, of legal age
|of age, of legal age
|-
|-
| vollzogen  
|vollzogen
| performed
|performed
|-
|-
| von  
|von
| of, from, by
|of, from, by
|-
|-
| vor  
|vor
| before; ago
|before; ago
|-
|-
| vorherig
|vorgestern
| previous, preceding
|the day before yesterday
|-
|-
| vorheriger Tag
|vorherig
| the previous day
|previous, preceding
|-
|-
| vorläufig
|vorheriger Tag
| for the time being
|the previous day
|-
|-
| vormals
|vorläufig
| formerly
|for the time being
|-
|-
| Vormittags
|vormals
| in the morning
|formerly
|-
|-
| Vormund
|Vormittags
| guardian
|in the morning
|-
|-
| Vorname
|Vormund
| given name
|guardian
|-
|-
| Vorstadt  
|Vorname
| suburbs, outskirts of town
|given name
|-
|Vorstadt
|suburbs, outskirts of town
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  


==== W ====
===W===


{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| '''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|Wagner
|cartwright
|-
|Waise
|orphan
|-
|-
| Wagner
|Wald
| cartwright
|forest, woods
|-
|-
| Waise
|wann
| orphan
|when
|-
|-
| Wald
|Wappen
| forest, woods
|coat of arms
|-
|-
| wann
|Wappenkunde
| when
|heraldry
|-
|-
| Wappen
|war
| coat of arms
|was
|-
|-
| Wappenkunde
|waren
| heraldry
|were
|-
|-
| war
|warum
| was
|why
|-
|-
| waren
|was
| were
|what
|-
|-
| warum
|Wassersucht
| why
|dropsy, edema
|-
|-
| was
|Weber
| what
|weaver
|-
|-
| Wassersucht
|Weduwe
| dropsy, edema
|widow
|-
|-
| Weber
|wegen
| weaver
|because of
|-
|-
| Weduwe
|Wehmutter
| widow
|midwife
|-
|-
| wegen
|Weib
| because of
|wife, woman
|-
|-
| Wehmutter
|weiblich
| midwife
|female
|-
|-
| Weib
|weil. = weiland
| wife, woman
|deceased
|-
|-
| weiblich
|weiland
| female
|deceased
|-
|-
| weil. = weiland
|Weiland
| deceased
|the deceased
|-
|-
| weiland
|Weiler
| deceased
|hamlet
|-
|-
| Weiland
|weiß
| the deceased
|white
|-
|-
| Weiler
|Weißgerber
| hamlet
|tanner
|-
|-
| weiß
|welche
| white
|which
|-
|-
| Weißgerber
|Weltpriester
| tanner
|a secular priest
|-
|-
| welche
|wer
| which
|who
|-
|-
| wer
|werden
| who
|to become
|-
|-
| werden
|West
| to become
|west
|-
|-
| West
|weyland
| west
|deceased
|-
|-
| weyland
|wie
| deceased
|how
|-
|-
| wie
|Wiedertäufer
| how
|Anabaptist
|-
|-
| Windpocken  
|Windpocken
| chicken pox
|chicken pox
|-
|-
| Wintermonat  
|Wintermonat
| November
|November
|-
|-
| Wirt  
|Wirt
| innkeeper
|innkeeper or owner of a pub, tavern, restaurant, inn
|-
|-
| Wittib  
|Wittib
| widow
|widow
|-
|-
| Wittiber  
|Wittiber
| widower
|widower
|-
|-
| Witwer  
|Witwer
| widower
|widower
|-
|-
| wo  
|wo
| where
|where
|-
|-
| Woche  
|Woche
| week
|week
|-
|-
| Wochenbett  
|Wochenbett
| childbed
|childbed
|-
|-
| woher
|Wöchnerin
| from where
|woman in childbed
|-
|-
| wohnen
|woher
| to live, residing
|from where
|-
|-
| Wohnort
|wohnen
| place of residence
|to live, residing
|-
|-
| Wohnplatz
|Wohnort
| place of residence
|place of residence
|-
|-
| Wohnung
|Wohnplatz
| domicile, residence
|place of residence
|-
|-
| wollen
|Wohnung
| to want
|domicile, residence
|-
|-
| Wonnemonat
|wollen
| May
|to want
|-
|-
| Wörterbuch
|Wonnemonat
| dictionary
|May
|-
|-
| wurde geboren
|Wörterbuch
| was born
|dictionary
|-
|-
| wurde getauft
|wurde geboren
| was baptized
|was born
|-
|-
| würdig
|wurde getauft
| worthy
|was baptized
|-
|-
| Wwe. = Witwe
|würdig
| widow
|worthy
|-
|-
| Wwer. = Witwer  
|Wwe. = Witwe
| widower
|widow
|-
|Wwer. = Witwer
|widower
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}


==== X ====
===X===


{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| '''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
| Xber,&nbsp;Xbris  
|Xber, Xbris
| December
|December
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  


==== Z ====
===Z===


{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| '''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|zählen
|to count
|-
|Zahnkrämpfe
|teething
|-
|Zähnen, Zähnung
|teething
|-
|-
| zählen
|zehn
| to count
|ten
|-
|-
| Zahnkrämpfe
|Zehnt(en)buch
| teething
|tithing book
|-
|-
| Zahnung
|zehnte
| teething
|tenth
|-
|-
| zehn
|Zehnten
| ten
|tithes
|-
|-
| Zehnt(en)buch
|zehrendes Fieber
| tithing book
|consumptive fever
|-
|-
| zehnte
|Zehrung
| tenth
|consumption
|-
|-
| Zehnten
|Zeit
| tithes
|time
|-
|-
| zehrendes Fieber
|Zentner
| consumptive fever
|hundredweight
|-
|-
| Zehrung
|Zeuge
| consuption
|witness
|-
|-
| Zeit
|Ziegler
| time
|brick maker
|-
|-
| Zeuge
|Ziehmutter, -sohn,<br>-tochter
| witness
|foster mother, son, daughter
|-
|-
| Ziegler
|Zimmermann
| brick maker
|Carpenter
|-
|-
| Ziehmutter, -sohn,<br>-tochter
|Zivilstandsamt
| foster mother, son, daughter
|civil registrar's office
|-
|-
| Zimmermann
|Zöllner
| Carpenter
|publican, tax collector
|-
|-
| Zivilstandsamt
|zu Hause
| civil registrar's office
|at home
|-
|-
| Zöllner
|Zukunft
| publican, tax collector
|future
|-
|-
| zu Hause
|Zuname
| at home
|surname, last name
|-
|-
| Zukunft
|zusammen
| future
|together
|-
|-
| Zuname
|zuständig nach, heimatberechtigt in, ansässig in
| surname, last name
|entitled to reside in/home rights in (a place), residing in, resident of
|-
|-
| zusammen
|Zuständigkeitsort
| together
|place of jurisdiction
|-
|-
| zwanzig  
|zwanzig
| twenty
|twenty
|-
|-
| zwanzigte  
|zwanzigte
| twentieth
|twentieth
|-
|-
| zwei  
|zwei
| two
|two
|-
|-
| zweihundert  
|zweihundert
| two hundred
|two hundred
|-
|-
| zwei tausend  
|zwei tausend
| two thousand
|two thousand
|-
|-
| zweite  
|zweite
| second
|second
|-
|-
| zweiundzwanzigste  
|zweiundzwanzigste
| twenty-second
|twenty-second
|-
|-
| Zwilling(e)  
|Zwilling(e)
| twin, twins
|twin, twins
|-
|-
| zwischen  
|zwischen
| between
|between
|-
|-
| zwölf  
|zwölf
| twelve
|twelve
|-
|-
| Zwölfer  
|Zwölfer
| member of a council
|member of a council
|-
|-
| zwölfte  
|zwölfte
| twelfth
|twelfth
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  


[[Category:Germany|Word List]] [[Category:Word_List]]
[[Category:Germany Language and Handwriting]]  
[[Category:Language and Handwriting]]
[[Category:Spelling Substitution]]
[[Category:Word_List]]
Mckennacooper
Reviewer, editor, pagecreator
992

edits

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