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In the early 1700s, [[France|French]] Huguenots arrived, followed by [[Germany|German]] workers imported between 1714 and 1717 to work iron furnaces in the Piedmont area. During the 1730s and 1740s, a large number of settlers of [[Northern Ireland|Ulster Scot]] and German descent moved southward from [[Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]] down the Allegheny Ridges into the Shenandoah Valley. | In the early 1700s, [[France|French]] Huguenots arrived, followed by [[Germany|German]] workers imported between 1714 and 1717 to work iron furnaces in the Piedmont area. During the 1730s and 1740s, a large number of settlers of [[Northern Ireland|Ulster Scot]] and German descent moved southward from [[Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]] down the Allegheny Ridges into the Shenandoah Valley. | ||
Beginning in the late 18th century, Virginia lost many residents as families moved westward to new states and territories. There was very little foreign immigration to Virginia after 1800. | Beginning in the late 18th century, Virginia lost many residents as families moved westward to new states and territories. There was very little foreign immigration to Virginia after 1800. | ||
[[Image:Cabotship.jpg|thumb|right|600x300px]] | [[Image:Cabotship.jpg|thumb|right|600x300px|Cabotship.jpg]] | ||
== Overseas Immigration == | == Overseas Immigration == | ||
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=== Colonial Ports === | === Colonial Ports === | ||
[[Image:Ports.png|thumb|left|600px]] | [[Image:Ports.png|thumb|left|600px|Ports.png]] | ||
{| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0" width="100%" | {| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0" width="100%" | ||
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Ships commonly docked along riverside plantations on the Elizabeth River, James River, Potomac River, Rappahannock River, and York River. | Ships commonly docked along riverside plantations on the Elizabeth River, James River, Potomac River, Rappahannock River, and York River. | ||
=== Colonial Records === | === Colonial Records === | ||
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Very few passenger lists exist for immigrants entering colonial Virginia. There are quite a few sources; however, that include immigration information. Most records have been published. The place to start is P. William Filby, ''Passenger and Immigration Lists Index'' (available online at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=7486 Ancestry] ($)). Available library copies can be located through [http://www.worldcat.org/title/passenger-and-immigration-lists-index-a-guide-to-published-arrival-records-of-about-500000-passengers-who-came-to-the-united-states-and-canada-in-the-seventeenth-eighteenth-and-nineteenth-centuries/oclc/7385897&referer=brief_results WorldCat]. See also [http://www.worldcat.org/title/passenger-and-immigration-lists-index-supplement/oclc/9228872&referer=brief_results ''Passenger and immigration lists index. Supplement''].<br> | Very few passenger lists exist for immigrants entering colonial Virginia. There are quite a few sources; however, that include immigration information. Most records have been published. The place to start is P. William Filby, ''Passenger and Immigration Lists Index'' (available online at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=7486 Ancestry] ($)). Available library copies can be located through [http://www.worldcat.org/title/passenger-and-immigration-lists-index-a-guide-to-published-arrival-records-of-about-500000-passengers-who-came-to-the-united-states-and-canada-in-the-seventeenth-eighteenth-and-nineteenth-centuries/oclc/7385897&referer=brief_results WorldCat]. See also [http://www.worldcat.org/title/passenger-and-immigration-lists-index-supplement/oclc/9228872&referer=brief_results ''Passenger and immigration lists index. Supplement''].<br> | ||
The major port in Virginia was [[ | The major port in Virginia was [[Norfolk County, Virginia#Immigration|Norfolk]], but many settlers arrived at [[Baltimore, Maryland#Immigration|Baltimore]], [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania#Immigration|Philadelphia]], or other ports and then migrated to Virginia. In the eighteenth century, ships selling indentured servants and transported convicts often docked at ports along the Rappahannock and Potomac rivers. | ||
It is often quite a challenge to determine whether or not a Colonial Virginian was an immigrant. Headright grants identify a certain percentage (particularly before 1720), but require special attention to correctly interpret.<ref>Richard Slatten, "Interpreting Headrights in Colonial-Virginia Patents: Uses and Abuses," ''National Genealogical Society Quarterly,'' Vol. 75 (1987):169-179. Digital version at [http://www.ngsgenealogy.org/ National Genealogical Society website] ($); {{FHL|39597|item|disp=FHL Book 973 B2ng v. 75 (1987)}}.</ref> Colonial sources describing individuals as indentured or convict servants further develop a list. Military records kept about soldiers in the French and Indian War and Revolutionary War (particularly pensions) may identify further overseas births. | It is often quite a challenge to determine whether or not a Colonial Virginian was an immigrant. Headright grants identify a certain percentage (particularly before 1720), but require special attention to correctly interpret.<ref>Richard Slatten, "Interpreting Headrights in Colonial-Virginia Patents: Uses and Abuses," ''National Genealogical Society Quarterly,'' Vol. 75 (1987):169-179. Digital version at [http://www.ngsgenealogy.org/ National Genealogical Society website] ($); {{FHL|39597|item|disp=FHL Book 973 B2ng v. 75 (1987)}}.</ref> Colonial sources describing individuals as indentured or convict servants further develop a list. Military records kept about soldiers in the French and Indian War and Revolutionary War (particularly pensions) may identify further overseas births. | ||
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==== African Immigrants ==== | ==== African Immigrants ==== | ||
{{Main|Virginia African Americans}} | {{Main|Virginia African Americans}} | ||
The [http://www.slavevoyages.org/tast/index.faces Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database] Internet site contains references to 35,000 slave voyages, including over 67,000 Africans aboard slave ships, using name, age, gender, origin, and place of embarkation. The database documents the slave trade between Africa, Europe, Brazil, the Caribbean, and the United States. | The [http://www.slavevoyages.org/tast/index.faces Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database] Internet site contains references to 35,000 slave voyages, including over 67,000 Africans aboard slave ships, using name, age, gender, origin, and place of embarkation. The database documents the slave trade between Africa, Europe, Brazil, the Caribbean, and the United States. | ||
==== Scottish and Irish Immigrants ==== | ==== Scottish and Irish Immigrants ==== | ||
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*MacLean, J.A.P. ''An Historical Account of the Settlements of Scotch Highlanders in America Prior to the Peace of 1783 Together with Notices of Highland Regiments and Biographical Sketches''. Cleveland, Ohio: The Helman-Taylor Company, 1900. Digital version at [http://www.archive.org/details/historicalaccoun00macluoft Internet Archive]. | *MacLean, J.A.P. ''An Historical Account of the Settlements of Scotch Highlanders in America Prior to the Peace of 1783 Together with Notices of Highland Regiments and Biographical Sketches''. Cleveland, Ohio: The Helman-Taylor Company, 1900. Digital version at [http://www.archive.org/details/historicalaccoun00macluoft Internet Archive]. | ||
==== French Immigrants ==== | |||
Huguenots came in [1700]. Their settlement, near Richmond, was known as Manakintown. | |||
==== German Immigrants ==== | ==== German Immigrants ==== | ||
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*Schuright, Herrmann. ''History of the German Element in Virginia''. 2 vols. Baltimore, Md.: T. Kroh, 1898, 1900. Digital versions at Google Books: [http://books.google.com/books?id=C1vNAAAAMAAJ Vol. 1]; [http://books.google.com/books?id=PVzNAAAAMAAJ Vol. 2]; 1977 reprint: {{FHL|491164|item|disp=FHL Book 975.5 F2gs v. 1-2}} | *Schuright, Herrmann. ''History of the German Element in Virginia''. 2 vols. Baltimore, Md.: T. Kroh, 1898, 1900. Digital versions at Google Books: [http://books.google.com/books?id=C1vNAAAAMAAJ Vol. 1]; [http://books.google.com/books?id=PVzNAAAAMAAJ Vol. 2]; 1977 reprint: {{FHL|491164|item|disp=FHL Book 975.5 F2gs v. 1-2}} | ||
[http://www.progenealogists.com/palproject/ The Palatine Project], sponsored by [http://www.progenealogists.com/ ProGenealogists], includes annotated passenger lists for Germans entering Colonial Virginia. | [http://www.progenealogists.com/palproject/ The Palatine Project], sponsored by [http://www.progenealogists.com/ ProGenealogists], includes annotated passenger lists for Germans entering Colonial Virginia. | ||
=== Colonial Ships === | === Colonial Ships === | ||
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== American Immigration == | == American Immigration == | ||
Many settlers from [[Maryland|Maryland]] and [[Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]] migrated down into Virginia during the colonial period. The [[Great Valley Road|Great Valley Road]], which passed through the Shenandoah Valley was a popular route. | Many settlers from [[Maryland|Maryland]] and [[Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]] migrated down into Virginia during the colonial period. The [[Great Valley Road|Great Valley Road]], which passed through the Shenandoah Valley was a popular route. | ||
== Westward Migrants == | == Westward Migrants == | ||
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Many Virginians moved to Georgia immediately after the American Revolution.<ref>John Frederick Dorman, "Review of ''Research in Georgia,"'' in ''The Virginia Genealogist,'' Vol. 25, No. 2 (Apr.-Jun. 1981):147. Digital version at [http://www.americanancestors.org/search.aspx?Ca=098&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;Da=285 American Ancestors] ($). {{FHL|33159|item|disp=FHL Book 975.5 B2vg v. 25 (1981)}}</ref> Barlow published records identifying some of them: | Many Virginians moved to Georgia immediately after the American Revolution.<ref>John Frederick Dorman, "Review of ''Research in Georgia,"'' in ''The Virginia Genealogist,'' Vol. 25, No. 2 (Apr.-Jun. 1981):147. Digital version at [http://www.americanancestors.org/search.aspx?Ca=098&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;Da=285 American Ancestors] ($). {{FHL|33159|item|disp=FHL Book 975.5 B2vg v. 25 (1981)}}</ref> Barlow published records identifying some of them: | ||
*Barlow, Lundie W. "Some Virginia Settlers of Georgia, 1773-1798," ''The Virginia Genealogist'', Vol. 2, No. 1 (Jan.-Mar. 1958):19-27. Digital version at [http://www.americanancestors.org/Search.aspx?Ca=098&Da=285 American Ancestors] ($). | *Barlow, Lundie W. "Some Virginia Settlers of Georgia, 1773-1798," ''The Virginia Genealogist'', Vol. 2, No. 1 (Jan.-Mar. 1958):19-27. Digital version at [http://www.americanancestors.org/Search.aspx?Ca=098&Da=285 American Ancestors] ($). | ||
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*Robertson, Clara Hamlett. ''Kansas Territorial Settlers of 1860 Who were Born in Tennessee, Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina: A Compilation with Historical Annotations and Editorial Comment''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1976. {{FHL|978.1 H2ro}}; digital version at [http://www.worldvitalrecords.com/indexinfo.aspx?ix=gpc0806306971_clarahamlettrobertson1976 World Vital Records] ($). | *Robertson, Clara Hamlett. ''Kansas Territorial Settlers of 1860 Who were Born in Tennessee, Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina: A Compilation with Historical Annotations and Editorial Comment''. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1976. {{FHL|978.1 H2ro}}; digital version at [http://www.worldvitalrecords.com/indexinfo.aspx?ix=gpc0806306971_clarahamlettrobertson1976 World Vital Records] ($). | ||
British Mercantile Claims identify migrations made by many Virginians during the period 1775 to 1803. The folks listed owed debts to overseas British merchants at the opening of the Revolutionary War and after the War was over, the merchants came to collect their debts, only to find that many of these people had moved. Dorman published these records in ''The Virginia Genealogist'', beginning with Volume 6. Digital version at [http://www.americanancestors.org/search.aspx?Ca=098&Da=285 American Ancestors] ($). {{FHL|33159|item|disp=FHL Book 975.5 B2vg v. 6 (1962)}}. | British Mercantile Claims identify migrations made by many Virginians during the period 1775 to 1803. The folks listed owed debts to overseas British merchants at the opening of the Revolutionary War and after the War was over, the merchants came to collect their debts, only to find that many of these people had moved. Dorman published these records in ''The Virginia Genealogist'', beginning with Volume 6. Digital version at [http://www.americanancestors.org/search.aspx?Ca=098&Da=285 American Ancestors] ($). {{FHL|33159|item|disp=FHL Book 975.5 B2vg v. 6 (1962)}}. | ||
== Web Sites == | == Web Sites == | ||