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*'''1539:''' Marcos de Niza a Spanish Franciscan Friar was first to explore Arizona. | *'''1539:''' Marcos de Niza a Spanish Franciscan Friar was first to explore Arizona. | ||
*'''1776:''' The Spanish established a garrison at Tucson. | *'''1776:''' The Spanish established a garrison at Tucson. | ||
*'''1821:''' Arizona became a part of Mexico. Apache troubles | *'''1821:''' Arizona became a part of Mexico. Apache troubles restricted white settlement to Tucson. | ||
*'''1846:''' The Mormon Battalion built Cooke's Wagon Road, south of the Gila River. The road became a favorite route into Arizona and California for early prospectors and pioneers. | *'''1846:''' The Mormon Battalion built Cooke's Wagon Road, south of the Gila River. The road became a favorite route into Arizona and California for early prospectors and pioneers. | ||
*'''1846:''' U.S. Military under command of Col. Alexander W. Doniphan engaged the Navajo at Bear Springs. | *'''1846:''' U.S. Military under command of Col. Alexander W. Doniphan engaged the Navajo at Bear Springs. | ||
*'''1848-1853:''' Mexico ceded the portion of Arizona north of the Gila River to the United States. This became part of New Mexico Territory in 1850. In 1853, the Gadsden Purchase added the area south of the Gila. | *'''1848-1853:''' Mexico ceded the portion of Arizona north of the Gila River to the United States. This became part of New Mexico Territory in 1850. In 1853, the Gadsden Purchase added the area south of the Gila. | ||
*'''1850:''' First Federal Census taken as a part of Territory of New Mexico. | *'''1850:''' First Federal Census taken as a part of Territory of New Mexico. | ||
*'''1 August 1861:''' The Confederate States of America declared Arizona territory separated from New Mexico territory which they also claimed. But the confederacy soon lost control over all Arizona and New Mexico land.<br> | |||
*'''1862:''' Indian battle of Apache Pass. | *'''1862:''' Indian battle of Apache Pass. | ||
*'''24 February 1863:''' Territory of Arizona organized after split from Territory of New Mexico | *'''24 February 1863:''' Territory of Arizona organized by US after split from Territory of New Mexico | ||
*'''1864:''' Kit Carson, led a U.S. army against the Navajo Indians. The army killed the sheep and burned their crops forcing the tribe to surrender or face starvation. The Navajo were marched to Fort Sumner at Bosque Redondo, New Mexico. The march became known as "The Long Walk". Eight thousand survived the march but many others died. | *'''1864:''' Kit Carson, led a U.S. army against the Navajo Indians. The army killed the sheep and burned their crops forcing the tribe to surrender or face starvation. The Navajo were marched to Fort Sumner at Bosque Redondo, New Mexico. The march became known as "The Long Walk". Eight thousand survived the march but many others died. | ||
*'''1863-1866:''' Arizona was organized as a separate territory. The first four counties were organized in 1864. | *'''1863-1866:''' Arizona was organized as a separate territory. The first four counties were organized in 1864.<br> | ||
*'''1866:''' The northwestern part of Arizona Territory was transferred by the US government to the new state of Nevada, thought Arizona resisted until 1871. | |||
:Battle of Picacho Pass (Indian & federal troops) | :Battle of Picacho Pass (Indian & federal troops) | ||
:Battle of Skull Cave (Indian & federal troops) | :Battle of Skull Cave (Indian & federal troops) | ||
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*'''1873:''' Apache removal by U.S. Army under direction of Kit Carson. | *'''1873:''' Apache removal by U.S. Army under direction of Kit Carson. | ||
*'''1882:''' Battle of Big Dry Wash | *'''1882:''' Battle of Big Dry Wash | ||
*'''4 September 1886:''' Apache Indian Chief, Geronimo, captured by Federal Troops under General Miles in Arizona, ending the last major Indian War. Geronimo had led his band on a six month escape from San Carlos reservation in Arizona. | |||
*'''1870-1910:''' The non-Indian population of Arizona increased from fewer than 10,000 to over 200,000 as settlers moved in from many states and countries. | *'''1870-1910:''' The non-Indian population of Arizona increased from fewer than 10,000 to over 200,000 as settlers moved in from many states and countries. | ||
*'''14 February 1912:''' Arizona became a state. | *'''14 February 1912:''' Arizona became a state. | ||