New Brunswick Loyalists

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New Brunswick

Loyalists

Online Records

• 1777-1785 Loyalists in the Maritimes — Ward Chipman Muster Master's Office, 1777–1785
• New Brunswick Loyalist Pensions
• 1772-1784 Carleton Papers – Loyalists and British Soldiers, 1772-1784, index.
• 1776-1835 UK, American Loyalist Claims, 1776-1835, index
• 1783 Carleton Papers – Book of Negroes, 1783, index.
• UELAC Loyalist Directory
• The Old United Empire Loyalists List, index
• Biographical Sketches of Loyalists of the American Revolution Lorenzo Sabine, Kennikat Press, Port Washington, 1966. Included in PANB's Biography Database.
• 1785 Return of Loyalists settled in various parts of New Brunswick in the year 1785 : apparently compiled in connection with an investigation into the accounts paid out by the government in behalf of the Loyalists This manuscript is from the collection known as the Winslow Papers. Part of this collection was published under the title, the Winslow Papers, edited by W. O. Raymond, but this manuscript was not included. Includes index.
• Family histories and pedigrees from the Provincial Archives of New Brunswick Microfilm of a collection of typescripts, manuscripts and some published works in possession of the Provincial Archives of New Brunswick, Fredericton, N.B. Covers mainly families connected to New Brunswick, with a few from other Canadian provinces and U.S. states.
• Biographical data relating to New Brunswick families, especially of Loyalist descent
• List of Loyalist records for individuals, found in the FamilySearch online collection

Loyalists

When the American War of Independence ended there were refugees, citizens who had supported the British. From 1776 onwards, some were driven out and some fled, seeking refuge in British territory. Nova Scotia had remained more or less loyal to Britain, though many of the inhabitants had come from New England.

However, in 1783 the country’s first “boat people” arrived on the shores of Nova Scotia. British officials had been making some preparations for this influx, though not enough. There was unsettled land north of the Bay of Fundy and so, the so-called “Spring Fleet” of twenty transports sailed from New York, arriving at the mouth of the St. John River in early May.

Between 1783 and 1785, approximately 15,000 loyalists arrived in what would become the colony of New Brunswick. Most of them landed at the mouth of the St. John River, overwhelming the 400 plus civilians and troops living there, and founding the city of Saint John. As they made their way up the St. John River Valley, they also displaced the approximately 5000 people already living in the territory, including settlers from New England, Pennsylvania, Yorkshire, Ireland and other areas of Great Britain; the indigenous Wulstukwuik (Maliseet) and Mi'kmaq, who were forced unto reserves in Oromocto, St. Mary’s and Kingsclear; and the recently returned Acadians, who migrated to Madawaska and elsewhere.

Other loyalists settled in St. Andrews at the mouth of the Passamaquoddy, as well as around Fort Cumberland, along the Miramichi and Petitcodiac rivers, and on the south shore of the Bay of Chaleur. A group of loyalist Quakers resettled in Beaver Harbour. Many loyalists were native-born Americans from New York, New Jersey and Connecticut, with smaller numbers from the Southern and New England States. Most were fairly modest - farmers, artisans, small merchants, and disbanded soldiers - who sought social mobility and better opportunities. Together they formed the population of the colony of New Brunswick, which the British authorities partitioned from Nova Scotia on 18 June 1784.

• The Loyalists of New Brunswick Esther Clark Wright.

• New Brunswick Loyalists: A Bicentennial Tribute Sharon M. Dubeau.

The Loyalist Collection

Harriet Irving Library, University of New Brunswick Loyalist Collection

In Fredericton, New Brunswick, is a repository of Loyalist resources that is unique in Canada. The Loyalist Collection is a special collection on microfilm of British, North American Colonial, and early Canadian primary sources from approximately 1760-1867. Started in the early 1970s, a project to identify, list and microfilm all Loyalist primary sources in the United States, Great Britain and Canada focused on the American Revolution and the early years of Loyalist settlement in British North America.

The Canadian portion of the project ceased in 1976 and some 700 reels of microfilm were deposited in the UNB Library. In 1982 the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada awarded the UNB Library a three-year grant to expand both the Loyalist Collection and the Library’s resources which support Loyalist research, and confirmed the position of the UNB Library as the principal Loyalist research centre in and for Canada.
There are now over 3200 reels of microfilm and 700 microfiche in the Loyalist Collection. It is largely unindexed and contains only original sources. However, there are numerous finding aids to records in the Collection. The Loyalist Collection is arranged by five categories of material:

• Church Records
• Family Records
• Military Records
• Public Records
• Special Collections

The inventory of the collection is in preparation and may be accessed on the Internet at the Harriet Irving Library. Inquiries regarding the inventory should be directed to the following department:

Christine Jack, Manager of Microforms
Harriet Irving Library, University of New Brunswick
P.O. Box 7500
Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5H5
Telephone (506) 453-4834
Email: mic@unb.ca

Researchers planning to visit the UNB Library to use the Loyalist Collection and related material should write or telephone in advance.

For Further Reading

• "New Brunswick Additional Loyalist Settlers and Records - International Institute, " Douglas, Althea. The International Institute of Genealogical Studies (2012)
• New Brunswick Loyalist Settlers and Records - International Institute