Chinese Dates and Calendars
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Online Resources
- Asian-Gregorian Calender Converter at FamilySearch
- Convert Chinese dates
- Chinese and Western Calendar Conversion
Background
The origins of the Chinese calendar can be traced back to the Shang Dynasty (approximately 14th century BCE), with evidence found in oracle bone inscriptions. Legend also attributes its creation to the mythical Yellow Emperor (Huangdi) around 2637 BCE.
Chinese Calendar
Lunisolar System
- The traditional Chinese calendar is a lunisolar calendar, meaning it incorporates both lunar and solar cycles. It is based on precise astronomical observations of the sun's longitude and the moon's phases.
- This results in months that align with the lunar cycle and years that approximate the solar year.
- A key feature is the 60-year cycle, which combines the 10 Celestial Stems and the 12 Terrestrial Branches (represented by the 12 animals of the Chinese zodiac).
- Months are based on the moon phases.
- Years are adjusted with leap months to keep in line with the solar year.
Dynastic Influences
- Throughout Chinese history, various dynasties made modifications and refinements to the calendar.
- A significant reform occurred in 104 BCE during the Han Dynasty, establishing the Taichu calendar.
Modern Usage
- The Republic of China officially adopted the Gregorian calendar in 1912, effectively abolishing the traditional lunisolar system.
- The lunar calendar remained prevalent for the celebration of traditional holidays for a considerable period.