Собирание устных историй: различия между версиями

Семейно-исторические интервью - это чудесный способ запечатлеть воспоминания, которые могут быть утрачены. Они помогают вам проверить и уточнить имена и даты, то есть сведения, которые вы обычно записываете в бланки семейной группы или диаграммы родословия. Это интервью служат также лучшим методом для сохранения всего богатства историй, свидетельств, мыслей и чувств. Процесс проведения семейно-исторического интервью прост, и освоить его лучше всего вам поможет практика. Большинство людей ощущает себя гораздо уверенней уже после одного-двух подобных интервью. Этот урок призван помочь вам обрести необходимые знания для проведения самого первого интервью. Информация, приведённая ниже, имеет общий характер, так что вам придётся адаптировать её к вашим личным обстоятельствам.  

Your first task is to decide whom to interview and why. You may want to interview someone who can provide information about a particular ancestor. Or you may want to do more general interviews with perhaps your oldest living relative, another member of y our family, your town’s oldest resident, a neighbor, or anyone who may have ties to or information about your family. You should usually conduct interviews one on one. Some situations, however, such as extended family gatherings, may provide a unique opportunity to capture the memories of several people at one time. In this sort of situation, you might simply set up your video or tape recorder and introduce a discussion topic to the group, such as inviting them to share their favorite memories of Grandma. As the group shares their memories, individuals will tend to remember more than they would if they were interviewed alone. Keep in mind that you may not always be able to distinguish who is saying what on the recording on the group session, particularly if you only have an audio recording. And group noise may make parts of the interview inaudible. You can compensate for those disadvantages by using more than one recording device and by identifying the different voices as soon as possible after the recording session.   

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Once you have chosen one or more people to interview, you need to ask them if they are willing to be interviewed. Explain the purpose of your interview, and what you would like them to do. You could also explain what they will get from the interview, such as a tape recording and a transcription. If they agree to an interview, you can then follow these steps:  

'''Make a Checklist''' Make a checklist of things to take to the interview, which may include: <br>''• Extra batteries or a power cord for your recording equipment.''<br>''• A label for your tape.''<br>''• A pen or pencil and paper for note taking and for labeling your audio or video tape.''<br>''• Your list of questions.''<br>''• Photographs or artifacts that might be useful.''<br>''• A pedigree chart or family group record.''<br>''• A release form for the interviewee to sign.''<br>''• A release form giving your permission to share the content of the interview (see Appendix C.)''  

At the interview be relaxed and alert. It is best not to spend too much time taking notes. Jot down what you need to remember, but for the most part you should look at the interviewee and listen carefully to what is said. The following recommendations will help you in your interview.  

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Don’t wait too long after the interview to make use of the recording. As time passes, you will begin to forget important details that may help you as you transcribe the recording.  

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There are many ways to do interviews. In fact, your interview does not even have to be conducted orally. You could set up a Web site or blog where family members can record their memories of a beloved ancestor. Or you might set a goal to e-mail a family member just one question a week in order to get to know that person better. The best way to learn how to conduct family history interviews is to practice. With a little experience, you will be able to determine what techniques and technology work best for you. Regardless of how you do it, you are sure to find the process of preserving memories very rewarding.  

Willa K. Baum. Oral History for the Local Historical Society. Nashville: American Association for State and Local History, 1987.  

Gary L. Shumway and William G. Hartley. An Oral History Primer. Salt Lake City: Shumway and Hartley, 1973.  

Cyndi Howells. Cyndi’s List: Oral History. URL: http://www.cyndislist.com/oral.htm  

Connie L. Vance. Project: Oral History Guide. URL: [https://sites.google.com/site/utahnorthcompany/ sites.google.com/site/utahnorthcompany/]  

[https://familysearch.org/learn/researchcourses How to&nbsp;Conduct Family History Interviews]  

'''Teaching Goals'''  

• Help students understand how to conduct a family history interview. <br>• Demonstrate the skills needed to conduct a family history interview.<br>• Help class members learn what resources are available.<br>  

Before you teach, you will need to:  

• Ask the class to respond to the question “What keeps me from interviewing my family members?” Make a list of the responses, and then as a class discuss ways to overcome the identified obstacles.  

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This is only a preliminary list of questions you can ask in an interview. The kinds of questions will vary depending on your circumstances and the person you interview. Modify the questions or add to them according to your needs.  

• What is your earliest memory? <br>• What were some of your family’s traditions?<br>• What was the happiest day of your life?<br>• Tell a story your mother or father told you when you were young. <br>• What places have you visited?<br>• What family heirlooms do you have? <br>• What childhood games did you play? <br>• Tell about a childhood hiding place.<br>• What were Sundays like when you were growing up? <br>• Describe your feelings or testimony of Jesus Christ. How did you gain that knowledge?<br>• What prayers have you had answered?<br>• Describe the most serious illness or accident that you have had.<br>• Do you remember any of your grandparents? Any great-grandparents? What were their names? What were they like? <br>• What were your siblings like?<br>• What trips or vacations do you remember? <br>• What special events took place in your neighborhood while you were growing up? <br>• What was your hometown like?<br>• What were politics like there?<br>• How many people were in your family? Describe each family member.<br>• What kinds of household chores did you do as a child? Which did you enjoy? Not enjoy? <br>• What aunts, uncles, or cousins do you remember? What were they like? <br>• Tell about family traditions for holidays and birthdays.<br>• Did you belong to any clubs or social groups? What were they like? <br>• What were your favorite childhood activities?<br>• Did you serve in the military? If so, where and when? What was it like?<br>• What special school memories do you have? Who were your favorite teachers? <br>• What challenges did you face as a child?<br>• What challenges have you faced as an adult? <br>• How did you first meet your spouse?<br>• How did your father spend his time?<br>• How did your mother spend her time? <br>• Tell about ancestors you know about—names and dates and any stories about them. <br>• What are the names of your children? What are their birth dates, where were they born, and what were the circumstances of their births, and their lives? <br>• Tell about some of the most notable people in your hometown. <br>• Tell about some of your neighbors as a child, as a youth, and as an adult. <br>• What changes have you seen in your lifetime in technology, society, politics, and so on? <br>• Tell about the house in which you live. Where else have you lived?<br>• Tell about the house you lived in during your childhood. Do you remember addresses or phone numbers?  

When recording an interview, regardless of the format being used, it is important to respect the person’s personal rights of privacy. Most people will not mind you sharing the content of their interview with you. However, it is always good to make sure that you have the interviewee’s permission to share their comments with others.