Ukraine Census
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Online Records
- 1795-1904 Ukraine, Revision Lists at MyHeritage — index ($)
- 1939-1945 Stanislav, Ukraine (Poland), List of Residents by Street, 1939-1945 (USHMM) at Ancestry - index and images ($)
1921 Czechoslovak Census (Subcarpathian Ruthenia/Podkarpatská Rus)
- Census images for Subcarpathian Ruthenia. For examples see the Czechia Census page.
Revision Lists (Census or Taxation lists)
Revision Lists are taxation records that look similar to a census. In 1718, Tsar Peter the Great Instituted a head tax, also known as the “soul” tax. In 1719, revision lists, or enumerations of the taxable population began. There were ten revisions taken sporadically between 1719 and 1858. The dates of the ten revisions can be found below. Revisions could take years to complete. The Ten Revisions were:
- 1st 1719-1724
- 2nd 1743-1747
- 3rd 1761-1767
- 4th 1781-1782
- 5th 1794-1795/1808
- 6th 1811 (incomplete)
- 7th 1815-1818/1826
- 8th 1833-1835
- 9th 1850-1851
- 10th 1857-1858/1859
The first three revisions are at the Central Archive of Ancient Acts in Moscow. Revisions four through ten are found in state archives. Sometimes a local copy of revisions 1-3 are found in state archives.
- Revision lists are an important resource because they list household/family groupings complete with names, relationships, and ages. They can be used to track a family throughout time and estimate vital event dates.
- Revision lists were primarily recorded in Russian and many have not yet been indexed.
- One copy was kept in the county treasury (uezdnoe kaznacheistvo) and the other was sent to the provincial fiscal chamber (gubernskaiia kazennaia palata).
- Separate lists were kept for the different social classes such as merchants (kupechestvo), townspeople (meshchane) and peasants (krestiane). *Revision lists (skazski) are filed and bound by districts and large cities.
These records generally contain the following information:
- Revision number of household
- name
- parentage
- age
- gender
- nationality
- social rank
- relationship to household head
- information about those who left or died between revisions and date of death.
Females were not recorded in the first, second, and sixth revisions. The fourth and fifth revisions included information on the parentage of the females but this was dropped as of the sixth revision. Sometimes the lists are accompanied by supporting documentation.
At best approximately 75% of the population coverage (less for first two because female names were excluded). This record was not compiled for non-taxed classes: the nobility, high officials, clergy, military, and foreigners. Also, many people evaded enumeration which reduces the reliability of the record in identifying a high percentage of the population.
To learn more about these records see:
- Research in Eastern Ukraine using Russian Empire Records
- Reading Revision Lists. Russia “How to” Guide
Family Lists / Local Censuses
Population enumerations were conducted after the revisions for the purpose of assessing a poll tax and identifying those for conscription into the military. They are an excellent source for identifying family groups. Due to the difficulty in using metrical books, the family lists provides the most information for the least amount of effort.
The term, "supplemental revision lists" was used in some areas when referring to family lists. Since there was no universal mandate as in the case of the revisions to create these records, they occur randomly at different times for different places. Family lists were also created by conscription offices that listed all male members of a family along with their parents. The records are not completely reliable because of efforts to evade taxation or conscription by avoiding correct enumeration.
Records exist generally 1860-1920 and contain the names of head of household, family members, ages; other details vary. In general, they identify about 30% of the population. These lists were compiled randomly on a local basis and not always preserved. Records are generally found in the state archives.
1897 All-Russian Empire Census
The only general census in Imperial Russia was conducted in the middle of winter, January 28, 1897, when the population was least mobile. It was undertaken by the Central Census Bureau, subordinate to the Central Statistical Committee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the Russian Empire. Two copies were created, one kept locally and the other sent into the Ministry. The Ministry copy was eventually destroyed. A second census was anticipated in 1914 but World War I intervened.
Separate lists were made for each household. The first page of each enumeration form notes state :
- Province (guberniia)
- County (uezd)
- District (volost)
- Village
- Name of head of household
- Number of dwellings
- Number of souls found on day census was taken (divided by sex)
- Number living there permanently
- How many people are there who are not peasants
- Those who live there but are not official residents, and
- Signature of person who compiled the form
On the following pages is listed:
- Name
- If blind, deaf, mute, or insane
- Relationship to head of family and head of household
- Age
- Marital status
- Social rank
- Birthplace
- Where registered
- Residence
- If person is absent at the time of the census
- Native tongue
- Literacy
- Place of study or graduation
- Main profession
- Additional profession
- Military status
For additional information see Catalog of surviving census sheets in the archives of Russia, Ukraine and other countries.