Step-by-Step Virginia Research, 1880-Present

From FamilySearch Wiki
Revision as of 07:43, 20 August 2025 by Tegnosis (talk | contribs) (Changed "Rating" to "Content".)

(diff) ← Older revision | Approved revision (diff) | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)




Step-by-Step Virginia
Research 1880--to the present

Table of Contents



Tip Tip1.jpg

Some online records have restrictions, due to contractual agreements, allowing them to be used only at FamilySearch Centers or FamilySearch Affiliate Library. This pop-up warning has links to lists of addresses of the many affiliate libraries that are available throughout the world.

Subscription websites such as Ancestry.com, FindMyPast, and MyHeritage and many others offer complimentary service at these affiliate libraries and at most local libraries.

Affiliate.png

Step 1. Find out everything possible from living relatives and their family records.[edit | edit source]

Every good genealogy project starts with finding all the clues that can be gathered from living relatives — both from their memories and from documents or memorabilia in their homes.

What are the best questions to ask?[edit | edit source]

In order to extend research, ask for names, dates, and places. Everything about who a relative was and when and where they lived is a clue to a new record search. For ideas, see :

What documents should be collected or copied?[edit | edit source]

Because these records cover names, dates, places, and relationships, they are a valuable source of clues. Look for them in your home, your parents' home, and ask living grandparents to check for them.

  • Announcements of births, weddings,
    and anniversaries
  • Baby and wedding books
  • Certificates
  • Deeds, and property records
  • Family Bibles
  • Family reunion notices and records
  • Fraternal or society records
  • Insurance policies
  • Journals and diaries
  • Letters and cards
  • Licenses (business, marriage,
    fishing, driving)
  • Naturalization documents
  • Newspaper clippings and obituaries
  • Medical records
  • Military service and pension documents
  • Occupational awards
  • Passports
  • Personal histories and biographies
  • Photograph albums
  • Printed Notices and Announcements
  • Programs (graduation, award ceremonies, funerals)
  • School records
  • Scrapbooks
  • Wills and trusts



Step 2. Find ancestors in every possible census record, 1850-1950, online.[edit | edit source]

A census is a count and description of the population of a country, state, county, or city for a given date. A census took a "snapshot" of a family on a certain day. For each person living in a household (depending on the year). their name, age, birthplace, relationship to head of household, place of birth for father and mother, citizenship status, ye

Using the clues to lead to census record searches.[edit | edit source]

This marriage certificate, an example of something that might show up in home papers, gives clues as to where and when to begin searching in census records for the Bowler family.

  • Dinkey Bowler is 31 years old in 1963 when he marries Laura Frances Woodward, so he was born in about 1932, in Rollinsfork, Kings County, Virginia.
  • He should be found in the 1940 census, age 8, with his parents. They are listed on the certificate as William and Cora Pitts Bowler.
VA starter.jpg

Here is the family, as expected, in the 1940 census, living in Shiloh, King George, Virginia.
They do not show up in the 1930 census index. But they are in the 1920 census of Shiloh.

VA census 6 .png

VA census 2.png

Searching for the next generation[edit | edit source]

William L. Bowler was also born in Virginia. His age is given as 38 in the 1920 census. His birth is then calculated to be in 1888.
He should be listed in the 1900 census, approximately age 18.


There is a William L. Boulware listed in the 1900 census, in the home of his parents, Lomax and Mary J. Boulware in the town of Shiloh. No families appear with the "Bowler" spelling.
This appears to be William L. Bowler because it is the only family coming close to a similar surname.
More research in other record types will be needed to prove the connection.

VA census 3.png

There is no 1890 census. The name Lomax "Bolar" is unique enough to identify the same family, with even another surname spelling, in the 1880 census.

VA census 4.png


Tip Tip1.jpg

Look for ancestors in as many censuses as possible. Use the clues from each census for hints where to find families in both earlier and later census records.[edit | edit source]



For more information, see Virginia Census and United States Census.


Step 3: Find birth, marriage, and death certificates for ancestors and their children.[edit | edit source]

States, counties, or (even towns in some states) recorded births, marriages, and deaths.

  • In addition to the child's name, birth date, and place of birth, a birth certificate may give the birthplaces of the parents, their ages, and occupations. *A marriage certificate might list the parents of the bride and groom.
  • A death certificate may give the person's birth date and place, parents' names and birthplaces, and spouse's name.


Using census clues to lead to a birth certificate.[edit | edit source]

Census information gives approximate birth years and probable birth places, and that information leads to finding important birth records.



Example of index entries leading to original certificates.

VA record 3.png

VA record 1.png

Using census clues to lead to a marriage certificate.[edit | edit source]

Finding marriage records can:

  • establish the full identity of the wife, with her maiden name and possible birth details.
  • find the names of the parents of the bride and groom.


Example of a marriage index entry.


VA record 4.png

Using the census clues to lead to a death certificate.[edit | edit source]

Moving forward in time, older generations stop showing up in the census. That is a clue that they probably died in the last 10 years. The death certificate is important because of all the possible secondary data beyond just the date and place of death:

  • birth date and place of the deceased
  • maiden name of the wife
  • names of the deceased's parents
  • birth places of the deceased's parents.



Example of a death certificate.
VA record 8.png

Tip Tip1.jpg Some of the examples shown above are index entries. That means for each of them an actual, original, full certificate exists. It is highly advisable to order the original certificate. It will contain many details not given in the index. In some cases, the image of the original is found online. Instructions are given below on obtaining the original certificate in other cases.


Tip Tip1.jpg

Gather as many birth, marriage, and death records as possible.[edit | edit source]


How to Find the Records[edit | edit source]

There are basically three ways to find these indexes or full original certificates:

  • online databases
  • writing to a county courthouse (prior to the beginning of state civil registration)
  • purchasing them through the mail at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC.gov


Online databases, usually indexes, with some images[edit | edit source]

Birth Records

Also, see How to Find Virginia Birth Records.

Marriage Records

Also, see How to Find Virginia Marriage Records.

Death Records

Also, see How to Find Virginia Death Records.

Records at the County Courthouse.[edit | edit source]

These records were originally created by county clerks, and then copies were sent to the state. County clerks can be willing to help find all the birth records for one family or perform other searches that the state would not do. To contact county clerks by e-mail or telephone, go to the Wiki article for each county. Links to the county Wiki articles are found at the end of this page or by clicking here: Virginia Counties.

Order Certificates from Virginia Vital Records Department.[edit | edit source]

Almost always the full original certificate will contain information not contained in the index. Although it costs money, consider sending for the full original certificates, particularly for direct line ancestors (grandparents, great-grandparents, etc).


For more information on birth, marriage, and death records in Virginia, see How to Find Virginia Birth Records, How to Find Virginia Marriage Records, and How to Find Virginia Death Records.

Step 4: Try to find additional details about ancestors in obituaries, cemetery records, and Social Security records online.[edit | edit source]

There are additional record collections available, based upon a person's death: obituaries, cemetery records, and Social Security records. These are a great source for more details about a person. Here are some examples; notice the level of details.

Example of an obituary index entry.


Obit va 12.png

Example of a FindAGrave Record.


FAG 11 va.png


Example of a Social Security Record.



VA SS.png



Tip Tip1.jpg

Gather as many obituaries, cemetery records, and Social Security records as possible.[edit | edit source]



Obituaries[edit | edit source]

Cemeteries[edit | edit source]

U.S. Social Security Death Index and Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1935-2014[edit | edit source]

  • The U.S. Social Security program began in 1935 but most deaths recorded in the index happened after 1962.
  • The Social Security Death index includes those who had a Social Security number and/or applied for benefits.
  • You can search these records online at
*1935-2014 U.S., Social Security Death Index, 1935-2014 at Ancestry — index ($)
*1936-2007 U.S., Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936-2007 at Ancestry — index ($); Picks up where the Social Security Death Index (SSDI) leaves off by providing information filed in the application or claims process
  • If you find an ancestor in the SSDI index, you can order a copy of their original Social Security application (SS-5). If you can prove the individual has died (by sending an obituary or copy of their cemetery headstone), the application will also give the deceased's parents' names, if listed.

For more information, see Virginia Obituaries and Virginia Cemeteries.

Step 5: Search military records: World War I and II draft cards.[edit | edit source]

There are many different types of military records: draft records, enlistment records, service records, pension records, etc. Information in military records can vary from a simple lists of name, age, and residence, to more detailed records including name, residence, age, occupation, marital status, birthplace, physical description, number of dependents, pensions received, disabled veterans, needy veterans, widows or orphans of veterans, and other information.

Example of a World War I draft card.


VA wwi .png

Example of a World War II draft card.


VA ww ii .png

Tip Tip1.jpg

Search the World War I and World War II Draft Collections for male relatives.[edit | edit source]





For more information and additional collections, see Virginia Military Records.

Step 6: Look for church records.[edit | edit source]

Church records function as vital records.

  • An infant christening or baptism record documents a birth.
  • Many, if not most, people are married in a church, and then a record is created by the minister.
  • Likewise, ministers presided over funerals, then creating a burial record, which documents a death.

Church records are particularly helpful prior to the advent of civil registration in 1912.


Tip Tip1.jpg

Search for church records that can provide additional birth, marriage, and death information.[edit | edit source]


Indexes[edit | edit source]

Baptists[edit | edit source]

  • Materials Towards a History of the Baptists in the Provinces of Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, by Edwards, Morgan. n.p.: Morgan Edwards, 1772. Online at: South Carolina Digital Library

Protestant Episcopal (Anglican Church or Church of England)[edit | edit source]

Lutheran[edit | edit source]

Quaker (Society of Friends)[edit | edit source]



Step 7: Search for online wills and probate packets.[edit | edit source]

  • County probate records include probate proceedings, petitions, affidavits, orders for sales, reports of sales, administrators' and executors' bonds, guardianship papers, wills, and letters of administration.
  • In a will book, usually just a transcription of the will is recorded. But all of these other records are kept in a probate packet.
  • Administrations are probate proceedings that handled an estate if no known will existed.

Example of a will.
Va will.png

Tip Tip1.jpg

Search these indexes and images for probate records.[edit | edit source]




Probate Information in County Articles[edit | edit source]

Each Virginia county Research Wiki page lists additional probate sources, including where to write for records: Virginia Counties


For more information, see Virginia Probate Records and United States Probate Records.

Step 8: If any ancestor was an immigrant, search immigration and naturalization records online.[edit | edit source]

The census records may show that an ancestor was born in another country. It will be necessary to try to find the town or city they were born in to continue research in the country of origin. Searches of immigration records (usually passenger lists) and naturalization (citizenship) records would be the next step.


Tip Tip1.jpg

Look for immigrant ancestors in shipping lists and citizenship sources.[edit | edit source]



Virginia Immigration Records[edit | edit source]

Virginia Naturalization and Citizenship Online Records[edit | edit source]

Step 9: Search for printed local histories or biography collections online.[edit | edit source]

Local histories[edit | edit source]

  • Published histories of towns, counties, and states usually contain biographies and accounts of early or prominent families.
  • Here are several websites that feature online copies of printed county histories:
    • Hathi Trust Digital Library. Don't use the keywords Virginia; that will bring up too many hits. Just use the name of the county and "county": for example, "Hyde County"
    • Google Books. Use keywords "Virginia" and the county name. Hits will list online readable books, lists of libraries that carry the book, and purchasing opportunities.
    • Family History Books
    • Internet Archive. Use keywords "Virginia" and the county name.
    • Genealogy Book Links, Virginia. Browse list; county histories are interspersed.
    • Ancestry.com ($). In the Card Catalog search box, use Virginia and the name of the county.

FamilySearch Collected Local Histories[edit | edit source]

*In the "Place" field, type the name of your county and click "Search".
*A list of subheadings for the county will appear. Local histories containing genealogies and biographies will be found under Biography, Genealogy, History, or History - Indexes.

Biography Collections[edit | edit source]

These collections of biographies can be searched online. Most have a table of contents and an index. Or use the "Find" function on a computer.

Step 10: Contact a local historical or genealogical society.[edit | edit source]

  • Historical societies have collections that are frequently little known and often overlooked.
*Many have a surname file, where they have collected genealogies, newspaper clippings, old photographs, etc.
*Many have a sort of "pioneer ancestor" program, where people can submit pedigrees to prove they are the descendants of an early resident of the area.
*Most keep track of queries about families that once lived in the area from other distant relatives who may actually have more family memorabilia.
  • Find the society on the internet, and they may list their holdings. Or call them on the phone, find out what they have, and find out what arrangements can be made to search their collection. Frequently, one of their members can be hired to search the collection for you.

This online directory by GenealogyInc. lists historical and genealogical societies by county: Click on the list to select a county, then scroll down to the historical or genealogical society listings. Here is an example of an internet website for a local genealogical society.

Step 11: Use other FamilySearch tools.[edit | edit source]

Historical Images[edit | edit source]

Records collected and digitized by FamilySearch can all be found through their Historical Images feature.

Virginia Online Genealogy Records[edit | edit source]

Search any other online records listed in Virginia Online Genealogy Records. The steps given here are intended to list record sources which can most efficiently identify descendants. Many other online records which might or might not mention descendants are listed in the Virginia Online Genealogy Records page, including immigration records, land records, military records, newspapers, and probate records, and others. These can be records that cover a smaller group within the population, such as men who served in the military, etc.



Step 12: Study the Research Wiki pages for any county in Virginia.[edit | edit source]

This article focused more on Virginia state or state-wide records. There is a separate Wiki article for each county in Virginia. These articles give information, office addresses, and links to county records.

Counties:



Independent Cities: