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Virginia Military Records

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U.S. Military Online Genealogy Records provides more links for nationwide military record collections.

Forts

Colonial Wars (1607-1763)

Complete military records do not exist for Virginia before the French and Indian War (1754-1763). Most of those that survive have been gathered and published in the following books:

Bacon's Rebellion (1676-1677)

For a list of known participants, see:

Indian Warfare (Colonial Period)

There were many skirmishes with Indians in frontier regions of Virginia. In 1621, the Indians massacred many European settlers.

Several histories have been written about Indian warfare, including:

  • Addington, Luther F. Indian Stories of Virginia's Last Frontier.
  • Addington, Luther F. and Emory L. Hamilton. Indian Raids and Massacres of Southwest Virginia. Kingsport, Tenn.: Cecil L. Durham, [1981?]. FS Library Book 975.5 H2ai.
  • Hamilton, Emory L., Jeffrey C. Weaver, John C. Mullins, and Betty R. Mullins. Indian Forays on the Holston & Clinch. Clintwood, Va.: Mullins Printing, 1992. FS Library Book 975.5 H2i.
  • Withers, Alexander Scott, Reuben Gold Thwaites, and Lyman Copeland Draper. Chronicles of Border Warfare, or, A History of the Settlement by the Whites, of Northwestern Virginia, and of the Indian Wars and Massacres in that Section of the State with Reflections, Anecdotes, &c. Clarksburg, Va.: J. Israel, 1831.

Revolutionary War (1775-1783)

For a detailed guide to Virginia military organization, see: Virginia in the Revolutionary War.

Records of individuals who participated in the Revolutionary War can be found in published indexes, pension files, bounty land records, service records, and public service claims. Abstracts of many Virginia Revolutionary War pension records and unit rosters are available on the website Southern Campaigns of the American Revolution. A database of participants at Valley Forge, which includes many Virginians, is available online. The Battle of Camden website also includes details about many Virginia Revolutionary War soldiers (see American & Brit Participants).

If you know the unit a person served in and are trying to determine where men for that unit were recruited, the following book can help:

  • Sanchez-Saavedra, E.M. A Guide to Virginia Military Organizations in the American Revolution, 1774-1787. (Richmond, Va.: Virginia State Library, 1978.) FS Library Book 975.5 M2s.

Published Indexes

While there are several published sources on Virginia in the Revolutionary War, there is no comprehensive list of all Revolutionary veterans. The following are two major indexes that identify individuals listed in numerous records:

  • Gwathmey, John Hastings. Historical Register of Virginians in the Revolution, Soldiers, Sailors, Marines, 1775-1783. Richmond, Va.: Dietz Press, 1938. Digital version at Ancestry ($); FS Library Book 975.5 M23g This lists approximately 64,000 individuals, including those individuals identified in the earlier publication by Eckenrode (below). Both the Gwathmey and Eckenrode sources must be used, because although they list the same individuals, Gwathmey refers to the Eckenrode index for source information.
  • Eckenrode, H. J. List of the Revolutionary Soldiers of Virginia. Richmond, Va.: D. Bottom, 1912. Digital version at Internet Archive; FS Catalog book 975.5 M23v 1912, film 928145 item 14, fiche 6051268; 1913 supplement: FS Library film 547176 and fiche 6051262 This helps identify approximately 35,000 Revolutionary soldiers from Virginia.
  • Douthat, James L. Virginia Soldiers in Northwest Territory - 1777. Signal Mountain, Tenn.: Mountain Press. Free online surname index and purchase details at Mountain Press website.

Pension Records

Virginia soldiers may have received a pension from the state or federal government. Pension records of Virginians may be found in the following:

  • Virginia Half Pay and Other Related Revolutionary War Pension Application Files. National Archives Microfilm Publication M910. (FS Library films 1024434–42.) Records include the name; rank; amount of pension; death date; widow and children, if any; pension file number; some dates for wife and children, especially date of death of wife, and so on. Contains 279 pension application files.
  • Revolutionary War Pension and Bounty Land Warrant Application Files These files include pension applications from all the states. A published index to these files is Index of Revolutionary War Pension Applications, Revised (Washington, DC: National Genealogical Society, 1976; FS Library Book 973 M22ng 1976
  • Dorman, John Frederick, comp. Virginia 1958-1995 Revolutionary Pension Applications. 51 volumes. Washington, DC: N.p., 1958-1995. FS Library Book 975.5 M28d This abstracts the files of Virginia soldiers who received pensions or bounty land from the federal government. Only partially completed, with surnames A through Ha.
  • White, Virgil D. Genealogical Abstracts of Revolutionary War Pension Files. Four Volumes. Waynesboro, Tenn.: National Historical Publishing, 1990-1992. FS Library Book 973 M28g Abstracts based on selected records of pension application files. Some entries were from supplements to the complete files. Includes cross references to the Virginia Half Pay Claims and other state pensions or bounty land awards. Volume 4 is an every-name index for the 339,096 entries mentioned in the selected abstracts.
  • Clark, Murtie June. The Pension Lists of 1792-1795 With Other Revolutionary War Pension Records. Baltimore, Md., 1991. Helpful guide to pensioners who died before 1818.
  • Revolutionary War Pensions and Index (Virginia). FS Library Film 29866 A published index is Virginia Revolutionary War State Pensions (1980; Reprint, Easley, South Carolina: Southern Historical Press, 1982) FS Library Book 975.5 M2v This abstracts the information found in the pension files of about 600 soldiers who received pensions from the state.

The 1835 Pension Roll

On June 5, 1834, the U.S. Senate required the Secretary of War to submit a statement showing the names of pensioners who were on the pension rolls or had previously been on the pension rolls. For more information on the 1835 Pension Roll see Revolutionary War Pension Records.

Virginia Half Pay and Other Related Revolutionary War Pension Application Files, ca. 1778-1875

  • FS Library Films 1024434-42 These records relate only to officers from Virginia. They help identify names that might appear in other military records.

Applications for Bounty Land

Shortly after the war, many Virginia families migrated to lands that are now in Kentucky and Ohio to claim military bounty land. Under various laws, veterans or their heirs could apply to Virginia or to the federal government for a warrant to receive bounty land. Those who served in the Virginia state line or in the continental line could apply.

Virginia Warrant Applications

(For land in Kentucky and the Virginia Military District in Ohio). The Virginia Land Office first issued warrants for land that is now in Kentucky. After 1792, when no more land was available in Kentucky, the Virginia Land Office issued warrants for land in the Virginia Military District of Ohio. This area in Ohio had been reserved for Virginia veterans when Virginia ceded all other claims in the Northwest Territory to the federal government.

Applications for Virginia bounty land warrants are at the Library of Virginia and on microfilm at the FamilySearch Library. The approved application files are in Bounty Warrants, 1779-1860 FS Library Films 29821-51; index on FS Library Film 29850 for A-Payser and FS Library Film 29851 for Pea-Z). These applications are also indexed by the Eckenrode source above. (Note that although these are titled “warrants” they are actually the papers submitted to receive a warrant.) Rejected applications are in Revolutionary War Rejected Claims and Index of Soldiers from Virginia, 1811-1851 FS Library Films 29867-82, index on FS Library Film 29882 These manuscripts include certificates, powers of attorney, affidavits, and vouchers.

If an application was approved, the veteran or his heirs received a certificate that could be exchanged for a warrant. The Library of Virginia and the FamilySearch Library have Virginia Land Office, Military Certificates, A-Z: July 14, 1782-August 5, 1876. These records are in alphabetical order on 38 FS Library films, FS Library films 1889181-218. These certificates are also filmed by number on FS Library films 29635-7. The certificates often give the number of acres, warrant number, and sometimes the solder's heirs—wife, children, grandchildren, brother, etc.

Bounty Land Grants

The individual who received a warrant may have claimed the land himself or may have sold his warrant to someone else. See United States Land and Property and United States Military Records for more information about the process of obtaining a land grant.

Lands Granted in Kentucky (Virginia warrants)

Those who surrendered their warrants for land in what is now Kentucky are listed in Virginia Grants, 1782-1792 FS Library films 272809-17. The original grants are at the Kentucky Land Office in Frankfort, Kentucky.

Two indexes that include these grants are:

  • Jillson, Willard Rouse. The Kentucky Land Grants: A Systematic Index to All of the Land Grants Recorded in the State Land Office at Frankfort, Kentucky, 1782-1924. Louisville, Kentucky: Standard Printing, 1925. Online at: FamilySearch Digital Library. FS Catalog book 976.9 R22ji.

Copies of the warrants are found in Military Warrants, 1782-1788 FS Library films 272979-80. The original records are at the Kentucky Land Office in Frankfort, Kentucky. These are indexed by Willard Rouse Jillson, Old Kentucky Entries and Deeds: A Complete Index to All of the Earliest Land Entries, Military Warrants. 1926. Louisville, Kentucky : Standard Printing Co. Online at: FamilySearch Digital Library. 1978, c1969 reprint at FS Library fiche 6051260; book 976.9 R22j.

Lands Granted in the Virginia Military District of Ohio (Virginia Warrants)

An estimated 64 percent of Virginia's bounty land claims were granted in the Virginia Military District of Ohio. The Ohio Land Grant Office (c/o Auditor of State, 88 East Broad Street, Columbus, Ohio 43215) has some records of these land grants.

  • Brumbaugh, Gaius Marcus. Revolutionary War Records: Virginia Army and Navy Forces with Bounty Land Warrants for Virginia Military District of Ohio, and Virginia Military Scrip, from Federal and State Archives. Washington, D.C., 1936. Online at: FamilySearch Digital Library, Ancestry ($).

A significant collection of survey records and other information about this district is also at the Illinois Historical Survey Collection at the University of Illinois Library in Urbana. These are indexed in volume 4 of:

  • Clifford Neal Smith, Federal Land Series: A Calendar of Archival Materials on the Land Patents Issued by the United States Government. . . . Chicago, Illinois: American Library Association, 1972. FS Catalog book 973 R23s. This book indexes land grants in the Virginia Military District of Ohio and may show survey number, acreage, survey book page numbers, county, or township.

The surrendered warrants and related papers were sent to the General Land Office in Washington, DC, and are now at the National Archives in Warrants Surrendered for Land in the Virginia Military District of Ohio. The National Archives also has an alphabetical index, numerical register, and survey register that can help you find a warrant in this collection. These records are not on microfilm or at the FamilySearch Library.

Lands Granted in the U.S. Military District and Other Public Domain Areas (U.S. Warrants)

The records of these land grants are described in United States Land and Property.

Service Records

Those who served in the Virginia state or continental line may be listed in Compiled Service Records of Soldiers Who Served in the American Army During the Revolutionary War FS Library films 1485281(first of 1,097) and in General Index to Compiled Military Service Records of Revolutionary War Soldiers FS Library films 882841(first of 58) This is at the National Archives and the FamilySearch Library. May provide the soldier's or sailor's unit which can help to find pension records but does not give information about other members of the soldier's family.

  • White, Virgil D. Index to Revolutionary War Service Records. Four Volumes. Waynesboro, Tennessee: National Historical Publishing, 1995.FS Catalog book 973 M22wv

For a list of regiments, where they were raised, service dates, officers, and brief unit histories, see:

  • Sanchez-Saavedra, E. M. A Guide to Virginia Military Organizations in the American Revolution, 1774-1787. Richmond: Virginia State Library, 1978. FS Catalog book 975.5 M2s This book may provide information useful for obtaining pension records.

The Library of Virginia also has various pay records, militia records, court martial records, appointments of officers, petitions, and other helpful sources.

Muster Rolls

The Muster Roll Project, sponsored by the Valley Forge Legacy, has reconstructed muster rolls for the 1st-15th Virginia Regiments and the 1st-2nd Virginia State. Their collection is available for free online.

Public Service Claims

Private citizens may have taken claims or petitions to the county courthouse for compensation for crops, cattle, weapons, and labor used by the military during the war. These county records have been collected in:

The approved claims were recorded in:

  • Revolutionary War Public Service Claims, Commissioners Books, 1783. Salt Lake City, Utah: Genealogical Society of Utah, 1954. FS Library films 029819-20 The index to both sets of films is on FS Library films 029813-18. The original records are at the Library of Virginia.

Loyalists

For a list of white loyalists in Williamsburg during the Revolution, see:

  • Kelly, Kevin P. "The White Loyalists of Williamsburg," The Colonial Williamsburg Interpreter, Vol. 17, No. 2 (1996). Digital version at Colonial Williamsburg.

History

  • Eckenrode, H.J. The Revolution in Virginia. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1916. Digital version at Google Books.
  • Selby, John E. The Revolution in Virginia, 1775-1783. Williamsburg, Va., 1988.

War of 1812 (1812-1815)

The War of 1812 between Britain and the United States confirmed the separate existence of the United States and the future Canada.

See the Wiki article, Virginia in the War of 1812, for information concerning military records, histories, links to relevant websites, etc. for Virginia.

  • Muster rolls, pay rolls, and index of the Virginia militia in the War of 1812 - images. Also at: Library of Congress - images. Also known as: Muster rolls of the Virginia militia in the War of 1812, being a supplement to the Pay rolls printed and distributed in 1851 | Pay rolls of militia entitled to land bounty under the act of Congress of Sept. 28, 1850 | Index to Virginia soldiers in the War of 1812 as listed in Pay rolls of militia ... 1851 and Muster rolls of Virginia militia ... 1852.

There are helpful nationwide records for soldiers of the War of 1812. For more information, see United States in the War of 1812.

Mexican War (1846-1848)

The Mexican War was caused by the annexation of Texas by the United States in 1845. Most volunteer regiments were from southern states. Records of Mexican War veterans might exist in a state where the veteran later resided.

  • Mexican War Index to Pension Files, 1887–1926. (NARA T317). FS Library films 0537000–13 Alphabetically arranged and includes the veteran’s name, rank, and unit; names of dependents; date of filing and application; certificate numbers; act filed under; and state from which application was made. Also available at:
  • Robarts, William Hugh. Mexican War Veterans : A Complete Roster of the Regular and Volunteer Troops in the War Between the United States and Mexico, from 1846-1848… Washington, D.C. : Brentano’s, 1887. FS Catalog book 973 M2rwh Digital version available at Internet Archive.
  • Johnson, William Page. Off to War, The Virginia Volunteers in the War with Mexico, or Fuera de Guerra, La Virginia Volentarios en la Guerra con Mexico. Westminster, Md.: Willow Bend Books, 2002. FS Library 975.5 M2j.
  • Lee A. Wallace, Jr. The First Regiment of Virginia Volunteers,1846-1848. Virginia Magazine of History and Biography. 77 (1969):46-77. FS Library 975.5 B2v

Click on these links to learn more about the Mexican War and about Mexican War pension records.

Civil War (1861-1865)

Appomattox Civil War Centennial Stamp
  • See Virginia in the Civil War for information about Virginia Civil War records, websites, etc. with links to articles about the Virginia regiments involved in the Civil War.
The regimental articles often include lists of the companies with links to the counties where the companies started.
Men in the companies often lived in the counties where the companies were raised. Knowing a county can help when researching the families of the soldiers.

Please add any other information about Virginia in the Civil War to the Virginia in the Civil War Wiki page. Thank you.

  • The Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System allows name searching for soldiers. The result set gives the regiment for each soldiers. Then you can check the regiment page to determine counties. Often knowing the counties that had men in a regiment will help you determine if a soldier was your ancestor.
  • U.S. Southern Claims Commission Master Index, 1871-1880 Index only $

Old Soldiers Homes (1870s-1940s)

The Southern Branch National Military Home in Hampton and the Virginia Confederate Soldiers' Home (a.k.a. Lee Camp Soldiers' Home) in Richmond serviced many military veterans between the 1870s and 1940s. US Military Old Soldiers Home Records identifies various types of records created concerning folks admitted to these homes.

Spanish-American War (1898)

The Spanish-American War was largely fought in Cuba and the Philippines. Spanish-American War records might exist in the state from which the soldier served or in a state where the veteran later resided.

Indexes

Click on the link to learn more about the Spanish American War.

World War I (1917-1918)

World War I was a global war fought on multiple continents with several nations involved. Over four million men and women served from the United States.

  • United States. Selective Service System. Virginia, World War I Selective Service System Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918. Washington, D.C.: National Archives, 1987-1988. FS Library films 1984203 (first of 85) Also available at:

United States World War I Draft Records provides additional information.

A published rosters of soldiers who died in the war:

  • Haulsee, W. M., F. G. Howe, and A. C. Dayle, comps. Soldiers of the Great War. Three Volumes. Washington, DC: Soldiers Record Publishing Association, 1920. FS Library fiche 6051244; book 973 M23s.) Virginia soldiers are listed in Volume 3. Gives the soldier's name, residence, rank, cause of death, and includes pictures.

Virginia War History Commission

War Memorial Records


Muster Rolls, 1917-1918

Additional sources include the following

  • Virginia Magazine of History & Biography. World War I Centennial Issue v.126 #1 (2018) Includes a reprint of Virginia's World War I Roll of Honor. FS Library 975.5 B2v
  • WWI Sites

World War II (1941-1945)

Draft registrations


Fourth Registration On April 27, 1942, the Selective Service conducted the fourth of six draft registrations related to WWII. The "World War II Selective Service Draft Cards: Fourth Registration, 1942" is often referred to as the “Old Man’s Registration” or the “Old Man’s Draft" because it included men with a date of birth from April 28, 1877 to February 16, 1897. Since there is overlap in the WWI and WWII Selective Service registration, men born in the years 1877 to 1900 may have registered twice and have both WWII and WWI draft records.

Also available at:

For a list of 8,777 war dead, see:

  • Hemphill, W. Edwin, ed. Gold Star Honor Roll of Virginians in the Second World War. Charlottesville, Va.: Virginia World War II History Commission, 1947. FS Catalog book 975.5 M2g. County-by-county list of the soldier's name, rank, service branch, and nearest surviving relative.

Ancestry has World War II enlistment records. ($)

  • A series of books entitled "Young American Patriots", published shortly after the war, documented the service of soldiers from different states including Virginia. The series of books included photos and a short biography of some of the soldiers from the state.

World War II United States Military Records provides additional information.

Korean War (1950–1953)

The Korean War was a conflict between North Korea (and its communist allies) and South Korea (with support of the United Nations, primarily the United States). See the Korean War wiki article for information on records and their availability.

Vietnam War (1964–1972)

The Vietnam War was a conflict between North Vietnam (and its communist allies) and South Vietnam (with support of its anti-communist allies, including the United States). See the Vietnam War wiki article for information on records and their availability.

Militia - National Guard

Virginia Army National Guard Historical Collection, Blackstone

Websites

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Bristol Public Library · Germanna Foundation Library · Handley Regional Library · Historical Society of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia, PA) · Historical Society of Washington, D.C. · John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library at Colonial Williamsburg · Jones Memorial Library · Library of Congress (Washington, DC) · Library of Virginia · Mary Ball Washington Museum and Library · Maryland State Archives (Annapolis, MD) · National Archives I (Washington, DC) · National Archives II (College Park, MD) · National Archives at Philadelphia (PA) · National Genealogical Society · New York Public Library (New York City, NY) · Pennsylvania State Archives (Harrisburg, PA) · Portsmouth Public Library · Roanoke County Public Library · Salisbury University Edward H. Nabb Research Center for Delmarva History and Culture (Salisbury, MD) · Santa Cruz Public Library Downtown (Santa Cruz, CA) · University of Virginia Library · Virginia Department of Health · Virginia Historical Society · Virginia Theological Seminary · Washington National Records Center (Suitland, MD) · William and Mary College Swem Library
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Routes: Chesapeake Bay • James River • Potomac River • Rappahannock River • York River • Chesapeake and Ohio Canal • Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad • Fall Line Road (or Southern Road) • Great Indian Warpath • Great Trading Path • Great Valley Road • Kanawha Trail • King's Highway • National Road (Cumberland Road) • New River and Southern Trail • Occaneechi Path • Old Cherokee Path • Old Northwestern Turnpike • Pamunkey-New River Trail • Pioneer Road • Richmond Road • Richmond-Williamsburg Road • Saura-Saponi Trail • Secondary Coast Road • Upper Road • Wilderness Road • Wilmington, Highpoint, and Northern Trail • Ports: Atlantic Coast Ports • Accomack • Alexandria • Belvoir Plantation • Bermuda Hundred • Dumfries • Falmouth • Fredericksburg • Hampton • Jamestown • Leedstown • Norfolk • Port Royal • Portsmouth • South Quay • Suffolk • Tappahannock (aka Hobb's Hole) • Urbanna • Williamsburg • Yorktown
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State Military Records
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