Ireland Law Libraries

Law libraries in Ireland and the United States have copies of law books relating to Ireland. These works often give rich genealogical details about the affairs of families whose court case set a law precedent that distinguished a point of law at that time. Using these works to identify names, relationships, and dates of events can add rich genealogical information to your family tree.

Introduction

Conducting Irish genealogical research in a law library is generally for those with intermediate to advanced skills. However, anyone can search the Nominate Reports for names or families of interest in a specific area. In some instances there may be a family story indicating that there was a legal dispute over property in Ireland. While not all cases were recorded in the reports, those that set a precedent were summarized and published year-by-year.

Law libraries can be intimidating if you do not have a research plan and specific objectives. The reference staff typically does not assist family historians and rarely understands the research perspective from which you are approaching your investigation. With that in mind, the information in this Wiki page may help you with crafting your research strategy and identify specific items to request in your law library research. With this information, the staff will be very able to assist you.

Records in a Law Library

Nominate Reports

Nominate Reports are similar to the Case Reporters in the United States. The term "nominate" came from the Latin nōmināri meaning "name" and was used to describe the summary judgments. It referred to the name of the person who actually wrote the reports.

Indexes

Report	Vols.	Yr. Pub.	Period Covered	Availability
Bridgman’s Digest (Equity)	3 vols.	1828	Early-1828	SLU, Google Books: vol 1, vol 2, vol 3
Finlay’s Digested Index	1 vol.	1830	Early-1830	SLU, Google Books
O’Donnell & Brady’s Digest	1 vol.	1840	Early-1840	SLU, Google Books
Brunker’s Digest (Superior and Admiralty)	1 vol.	1865	Early-1865	SLU, Google Books
Gamble & Barlow’s Digest (Equity)	2 vols.	1868	1838-1867	SLU
Murray & Dixon’s Digests	1 vol.	1899	1867-1893	SLU
Stubbs – Irish Law Digest	27 vols.	1895	1867-1893	SLU, Google Books
Stubbs – Digest of Cases	1 vol.	1905	1894-1903	SLU
Maxwell – Digest of Cases	16 & 17	1921	1894-1918	SLU
Ryland’s – Digest of Cases	1 vol.	1930 (1982)	1919-1928	SLU
Ryland’s – Digest of Cases	1 vol.	1940 (1981)	1929-1938	SLU

All Courts

There are Nominate Reports covering all courts for the years 1798-1810; 1827-1838; and 1840-1841.

Report	Vols.	Yr. Pub.	Period Covered	Availability
Law Courts, England & Ireland			1798-1810
The Law Recorder	10 vols. in 7	1828-38	1827-1838	LSM; SLU; Google Books: vol 1, vol 2, vol 3, vol 4, vol 5-7 not found
The Legal Reporter	3 vols.		1840-1843	SLU
Irish Law Reports	13 vols.		1838-1852	LSM; SLU; Google Books: vol 1, vol 2, vol 3, vol 4, vol 5, vol 6, vol 7, vol 8, vol 9, vol 10, vol 11, vol 12, vol 13
Irish Law Reports (New Series)	16 vols.		1849-1860	LSM
The Irish Jurist	18 vols.		1849-1866	SLU; Google Books: vol 1, vol 2, vol 3, vol 4, vol 5, vol 6, vol 7, vol 8, vol 9, vol 10, vol 11, vol 12, vol 13, vol 14, vol 15, vol 16, vol 17, vol 18
Irish Weekly Law Reports	8 vols.		1895-1902	SLU; Google Books: vol 1-2 not found, vol 3, vol 4 not found, vol 5, vol 6, vol 7-8
New Irish Jurist	5 vols.		1901-1905	SLU; Google Books: vol 1, vol 2, vol 3, vol 4, vol 5

Appeals and Writs of Error

As the name suggests, these were writs issued in error by the law court or sovereign and the defendant is appealing the action.

Report	Vols.	Yr. Pub.	Period Covered	Availability
Ridgway’s Reports	1 vol.	1795-98	1784-1796	SLU

Chancery

The Court of Chancery prepared important documents, writs and letters patent to which a seal was affixed. Chancery also played an equitable jurisdiction in cases or disputes in which no remedy was to be found in Common Law. The Nominate Reports for Chancery cases cover the years 1766-1791; 1802-1846; and 1850-1866.

Report	Vols.	Yr. Pub.	Period Covered	Availability
Howard’s Chancery	1 vol.		1772	SLU
Wallis’ Chancery	1 vol.	1839	1766-1791	KI; SLU
Irish Equity Reports (Chancery)	13 vols.	1839-52		SLU; Google Books: vol 1, vol 2, vol 3, vol 4, vol 5, vol 6, vol 7, vol 8, vol 9, vol 10, vol 11, vol 12, vol 13,
Schoale’s & Lefroy’s Chancery	2 vols.	1806-10	1802-1807	KI; SLU
Schoale’s & Lefroy’s Chancery	2 vols.		1806-1810	SLU; Google Books: vol 1, vol 2
Schoale’s & Lefroy’s Chancery	2 vols.		1808-1811	SLU; Google Books: vol 1 not found, vol 2
Ball & Beatty’s Chancery	2 vols.	1839	1807-1814	KI; LSM; SLU; Google Books: vol 1-2
Beatty’s Chancery	1 vol.	1847	1814-1830	KI; LSM; SLU; Google Books
Molloy’s Chancery	3 vols.	1832-33	1827-1831	KI; LSM; SLU
Hogan’s Chancery	2 vols.		1816-1834	KI
Lloyd & Goold’s Chancery			1834-1836	KI; LSM; SLU
Lloyd Chancery	1 vol.		1835	KI; LSM; SLU; Google Books
Sausse & Scully’s Chancery	2 vols.		1835-1840	KI; SLU
Drury & Walsh’s Chancery	2 vols.		1837-1840	KI; LSM; SLU
Flanagan & Kelly’s Chancery	1 vol.	1843	1840-1842	KI; LSM; SLU; Google Books
Connor & Lawson’s Chancery	2 vols.	1842-4	1841-1843	KI; LSM; SLU; Google Books: vol 1 not found, vol 2
Drury and Warren’s Chancery	4 vols.	1843-6	1841-1843	KI; LSM; SLU; Google Books: vol 1-3 not found, vol 4
Drury’s Chancery temp. Sugden	1 vol.	1851	1843-1844	KI; LSM; SLU
Jones & La Touche’s Chancery	3 vols.		1844-1846	KI; LSM; SLU; Google Books: vol 1, vol 2, vol 3 not found
Westropp & Treavor	1 vol.	1852	1850-1852	KI
Irish Common Law & Chancery	34 vols.		1850-1866	KI; SLU; Google Books: vol 1, vol 2, vol 3, vol 4, vol 5, vol 6, vol 7, vol 8, vol 9, vol 10, vol 11, vol 12, vol 13, vol 14, vol 15, vol 16, vol 17, vol 18-34 not found
Drury’s Chancery temp. Napier	1 vol.	1860	1858-1859	KI; LSM; SLU

Circuit Cases

The Nominate Reports for the Circuit Courts cover the years 1837-1846.

Report	Vols.	Yr. Pub.	Period Covered	Availability
Crawford & Dix (Abridged)	1 vol.		1837-1838	KI; LSM; SLU
Crawford & Dix	3 vol.	1841-47	1839-1846	KI; LSM; SLU; Google Books: vol 1 not found, vol 2, vol 3 not found
Milliken	1 vol.		1841-1843	LSM
Unnamed	1 vol.		1841	LSM
Cases on the Six Circuits	1 vol.	1844	1841-1843	SLU

Common Law

The Nominate Reports for the Common Law Court cover the years 1604-1612; 1827-1831; and 1850-1879.

Report	Vols.	Yr. Pub.	Period Covered	Availability
Davies			1604-1612	KI; Google Books
Hudson & Brooke			1827-1831	KI
Irish Common Law & Chancery	34 vols.		1850-1866	KI; SLU; Google Books: vol 1, vol 2, vol 3, vol 4, vol 5, vol 6, vol 7, vol 8,vol 9, vol 10, vol 11, vol 12, vol 13, vol 14, vol 15, vol 16, vol 17,vol 18-34 not found
Irish Reserved Cases			1860-1864	LSM; SLU; Google Books
Irish Reports – Common Law	11 vols.		1867-1879	KI; LSM; SLU; Google Books: vol 1, vol 2, vol 3, vol 4, vol 5, vol 6, vol 7, vol 8, vol 9, vol 10, vol 11
Irish Law Reports	32 vols.		1878-1893	LSM; SLU; Google Books: vol 1, vol 2, vol 3, vol 4, vol 5, vol 6, vol 7 not found, vol 8, vol 9, vol 10, vol 11 not found, vol 12, vol 13 not found, vol 14, vol 15, vol 16, vol 17, vol 18, vol 19, vol 20, vol 21, vol 22, vol 23, vol 24, vol 25 not found, vol 26, vol 27, vol 28, vol 29 not found, vol 30, vol 31, vol 32
Irish Law Reports			1894-1896	LSM; Google Books

Common Pleas

Land disputes were the most common cases tried in the Court of Common Pleas and the most probable court for the names of commoners to be listed. The Nominate Reports for Common Pleas cover the years 1839-1840. For cases in other years, refer to the Exchequer Court.

Report	Vols.	Yr. Pub.	Period Covered	Availability
Glascock’s	1 vol.		1831-1832	LSM; SLU; Google Books
Smythe’s Common Pleas & Exchequer	1 vol.		1839-1840	KI; SLU; Google Books

Crown Cases

The Nominate Reports for the Crown Court cover the years 1767; and 1822-1840.

Report	Vols.	Yr. Pub.	Period Covered	Availability
Forster			1767	KI
Jebb’s Crown Cases Reserved		1842	1822-1840	KI; LSM; SLU; Google Books

Ecclesiastical

These "courts dealt largely with marriage and testamentary matters, ecclesiastical administration, cases of clerical misconduct, defamation and suites for the payment of tithe." (Byrne, Joseph, Byrne's Dictionary of Local History, p. 105). There were twenty-six ecclesiastical courts and a Prerogative Court in Ireland.

Report	Vols.	Yr. Pub.	Period Covered	Availability
Erck – Establishment & Register	1 vol.	1830	1608-1825	SLU
Milward, Ecclesiastical	1 vol.	1847	1819-1843	LSM; SLU
Bernard - Irish Church Acts	1 vol.	1876	1869/1872	SLU; Google Books

Exchequer

Cases involving the receipt and payment of money and the auditing of accounts were handled by the Court of the Exchequer. The records were kept or enrolled on the pipe and memoranda rolls. The Nominate Reports for the Court of Exchequer cover the years 1867-1878.

Report	Vols.	Yr. Pub.	Period Covered	Availability
Howard’s Exchequer (Equity)	2 vol. in 1		1793-1792	SLU
Hayes Exchequer	1 vol.	1837	1817; 1830-1832	KI; LSM; SLU; Google Books
Glascock’s	1 vol.		1831-1832	KI; LSM; SLU; Google Books
Hayes & Jones Exchequer	1 vol.	1843	1832-1834	KI; LSM; SLU
Jone’s Exchequer	2 vols.		1834-1838	KI; LSM; SLU; Google Books: vol 1 not found, vol 2
Smythe Common Pleas & Ex.	1 vol.	1840	1839-1840	KI; SLU; Google Books
Jones & Cary’s Exchequer	Pt. 1-2	1840	1839-1840	SLU
Longfield & Townsend’s Ex.	1 vol.	1843	1841-1842	KI; LSM; SLU; Google Books
Jones & Cary’s Exchequer			1858-1859	KI; LSM
Exchequer Chamber, Registry Appeals			1868-1876	KI; LSM

King's/Queen's Bench

This court presided over criminal cases and offences against the King's peace. The Nominate Reports for the King's/Queen's Bench cover the years 1604-1612; 1786-1788; 1793-1795; 1798-1834; 1838-1842; and 1846-1848.

Report	Vols.	Yr. Pub.	Period Covered	Availability
Davie’s K.B.	1 vol.	1762	1604-1612	KI; SLU; Google Books
Vernon & Scriven’s K.B.	1 vol.	1790	1786-1788	KI; SLU
Ridgway, Lapp & Schoales K.B.	1 vol.	1796	1793-1795	KI; LSM; SLU
Rowe’s Interesting Cases K.B.	1 vol.	1824	1798-1823	KI; SLU
Fox & Smith’s K.B.	2 vols.	1825	1822-1824	KI; LSM; SLU; Google Books
Smith & Batty’s K. B.	1 vol.	1830	1824-1825 (sic)	KI; SLU
Batty’s K.B.	1 vol.	1828	1825-1826	KI; SLU; Google Books
Hudson & Brooke’s K.B.	2 vols.	1829-46	1827-1831	KI; LSM; SLU
Glascock’s	1 vol.		1831-1832	KI; LSM; SLU; Google Books
Alcock & Napier’s K.B.	1 vol.	1834	1831-1833	KI; LSM; SLU; Google Books
Cooke & Alcock’s K.B.	1 vol.		1833-1834	KI; LSM; SLU
Jebb & Symes Q.B.	2 vols.	1842	1838-1841	KI; LSM; SLU; Google Books: vol 1, vol 2
Armstrong, Macartney & Ogle	1 vol.	1843	1840-1842	KI; LSM
Jebb & Bourke’s Q.B.	1 vol.	1843	1841-1842	KI; LSM; SLU; Google Books
Smith & Bourke – Marriage Law	1 vol.	1842		SLU; Google Books
Blackham, Dundas, & Osborne	1 vol.		1846-1848	KI; LSM

Nisi Prius is a Latin term denoting all legal actions tried before the judges of the King’s Bench.

Land Cases

Report	Vols.	Yr. Pub.	Period Covered	Availability
Greer’s Irish Land Acts	1 vol.		1874-1897	KI; LSM; Google Books
Donnell Irish Land Court	1 vol.	1876	1876	SLU; Google Books
Greer’s Irish Land Acts	1 vol.		1897-1898	SLU
Roche, Dillon & Kehoe’s Land Commission Reports	1 vol.	1882	1881-1882	LSM; SLU; Google Books: part 1-4
McDevitt Land Cases	1 vol.	1894	1881	SLU
Brunskill’s Land Reports	6 vols.		1891-1895	LSM; SLU
MacCarthy Leading Cases	1 vol.	1892	1887-1892	SLU; Google Books
Greer’s Irish Land Acts	5 vols.		1899-1903	LSM; SLU; Google Books: vol 1, vol 2, vol 3, vol 4, vol 5 not found

Nisi Prius (see also King's/Queen's Bench above)

Report	Vols.	Yr. Pub.	Period Covered	Availability
Armstrong, Macartney & Ogle	1 vol.	1843	1840-1842	SLU
Blackham, Dundas and Osborne	1 vol.	1849	1846-1848	SLU

Registry Cases

The Nominate Reports for the Registry cases cover the years 1832-1840.

Report	Vols.	Yr. Pub.	Period Covered	Availability
Welsh’s	1 vol.	1840	1832-1840	KI; SLU
Alcock’s Registry Cases	1 vol. pt. 1	1841	1832-1837	KI; LSM; SLU
Alcock’s Registry Cases	1 vol. pt. 2	1841	1832-1841	KI; LSM; SLU
Alcock’s Registry Cases	1 vol. pt. 3	1841	1832-1841	SLU
Irish Reports – Appeals	1 vol.	1886	1868-1876	SLU
Lawson’s Decisions	4 vols.		1885-1914	SLU; Google Books: vol 1, vol 2, vol 3-4 not found
Cleary Registration Cases	1 vol.	1887	1886-1887	SLU; Google Books
Fitzgibbon Registration Appeals	1 vol.	1895	1894	SLU; Google Books

Rolls Court

The Nominate Reports for the Rolls Court cover the years 1816-1834; and 1840-1842.

Report	Vols.	Yr. Pub.	Period Covered	Availability
Hogan	2 vols.	1828-38	1816-1834	KI; LSM; SLU; Google Books: vol 1 not found, vol 2
Sausse & Scully	1 vol.	1841	1837-1840	SLU; Google Books
Flanagan & Kelly	1 vol.	1843	1840-1842	KI; SLU; Google Books

Miscellaneous

Report	Vols.	Yr. Pub.	Period Covered	Availability
Howard - Growth of Popery	1 vol.	1775	1720-1773	SLU; Google Books
Rowe – Interesting Cases	1 vol.	1824	Early – 1824	SLU
Conroy – Outlawries and Grants	1 vol.	1795	1652-1788	SLU; Google Books

Abbreviations in the "Availability" column:

Abbreviation	Repository
KI	King's Inn Library, Dublin
LSM	Law Stacks, Madison Building, Library of Congress, Washington D.C.
SLU	Smurfit Irish Law Center, St. Louis, Missouri

Irish Statutes

Irish Statutes are the laws by which Ireland is governed. "A persistent question throughout Irish history concerned the power of the Irish Parliament and the debate over whether other institutions, i.e., the Westminster Parliament, and the right to legislate for Ireland. The Irish Parliament existed from the thirteenth century through the Act of Union in 1800, but was always considered, at least by the English, as subordinate to the Westminster Parliament. One of the key developments in this area was the passage of Poynings' Law in 1495, which required the Irish to obtain permission from the king and council to hold parliament, and that all proposed statues be approved by the king and his council.

"In 1719, the English Parliament passed the Declaratory Act (6 Geo., c. 5, 1719, England), which attempted to end the debate by stating that the Parliament at Westminster had the power to legislate for Ireland. However, only sixty years later, in 1782, the Repealing Act (22 Geo. 3, c. 52, 1782, England) repealed the Declaratory Act and gave sole power for Irish legislation to the Irish Parliament. The brief period from 1782 until the Act of Union in 1800 is known as 'Grattan's Parliament.' In 1800 the Irish Parliament agreed to vote itself out of existence by approving the Act of Union with Great Britain (39 & 40 Geo. 3, c.67, 1800, England). From then until the Irish declared independence in 1919 and set up the Dáil Eireanne, Irish M.P.s sat in the Parliament at Westminster."

In 1985, the Irish Parliament in the Republic of Ireland reviewed and revamped many, if not all, of the Irish Statutes that were created prior to Ireland's Independence in 1922.

Inns of Court - Admission Registers

• Society of King's Inn, Dublin - founded in 1541, by a group of judges and prominent lawyers who leased property on the north side of the River Liffey. It was modeled after the English Inns of Court with several significant exceptions. 1) From its inception, an attorney or barrister could not practice the law in Ireland without spending at least some years in one of the English Inns, and 2) English Inns could admit members and call them to the bar. In Ireland however, the Irish society could admit members, but they had to be called to the bar by a Chief Justice. For a list of attorneys and barristers admitted to King's Inn, see Keane, Edward, P. Beryl Phair and Thomas U. Sadlier, editors. King's Inn Admission Papers 1607-1867. Dublin: Dublin Stationery Office for the Irish Manuscripts Commission, 1982. See also: Ferguson, Kenneth, ed. King's Inns Barristers 1868-2004. Dublin: The Honorable Society of King's Inns, 2005.

• The Middle Temple, London - “Although no exact date can be given, it is believed that the Middle Temple and the remaining three Inns of Court were established by the middle of the 14th Century. The Inn's name derives from the Knights Templar who were in the possession of the Temple site for some 150 years. The origins of the Inn can be traced from two roots: the occupation of the Knights Templar and the replacement of the priestly lawyers by a lay profession.” For a list of admissions to the Middle Temple, London, see: Sturgess, H. A. C. Register of admissions to the Honourable Society of the Middle Temple, from the fifteenth century to the year 1944. 3 volumes. London: Honourable Society of the Middle Temple, 1949. Volume 1, 1501-1781; volume 2, 1782-1909; volume 3, 1910-1944. (FS Library call no. British 942.1/L1 C4st vol. 1-3 and on FS Library microfilms Vols. 1-2 on 873,850, items 1-2 and Vol. 3 on 873,851, item 1).

• Lincoln's Inn, London - The Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn is said to take its name from Henry de Lacy, third Earl of Lincoln, who died in 1311. His own great house was adjacent and he is credited with being the Society's patron. Although the other three Inns of Court are of comparable antiquity, having evolved from uncertain origins in the fourteenth century, Lincoln's Inn can claim the oldest extant records, the Black Books, which record its principal activities from 1422 to this day. For a list of admissions to Lincoln’s Inn, see: The Records of the Honourable Society of Lincoln’s Inn; vol. 1 from 1420 to 1799, vol. II admissions from 1800 to 1893 and chapel registers. London: Lincoln’s Inn, 1896-1902. FS Library microfilm (only) volumes 1 (1422-1586) and 2 (1586-1660) 845,175 and volumes 3 (1660-1775) and 4 (1776-1845 with calls to the bar) 845,176.

• Gray's Inn, London - It is clear that Gray’s Inn was in existence as early as 1388 since that is the first record of members graduating as Serjeants-at-law. “Between 1680 and 1687 there were three disastrous fires in Gray's Inn. That of 1684 was particularly grievous for it burnt the Library, which was then on the present site of No 1 Gray's Inn Square, and that is probably when [the] ancient records were lost.” For a list of admissions to Gray’s Inn, see: Foster, J. The Register of Admissions to Gray’s Inn 1521-1889 together with the marriages in Gray’s Inn Chapel 1695-1754. London: Hansard Publishing Union, 1889. FS Library British 942.1/G1 K29f and FS Library microfilm 844,906, item 1; second microfilm copy 1,696,584, item 3.

• The Inner Temple, London - “The history of the Temple begins soon after the middle of the twelfth century, when a contingent of knights of the Military Order of the Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem moved from the Old Temple in Holborn (later Southampton House) to a larger site between Fleet Street and the banks of the River Thames. The new site originally included much of what is now Lincoln's Inn, and the knights were probably responsible for establishing New Street (later Chancery Lane), which led from Holborn down to their new quarters." For a list of admissions, see: Students admitted to the Inner Temple 1547-1660. London: Inner Temple, 1877. The registers for the later years are only available at the Inner Temple. The FS Library does not have copies of the published register for 1547-1660.

• Inns of Chancery - There were a number of Inns of Chancery associated with the principle inns named above. Students admitted to these Inns might become solicitors or proctors, however, many may also be found in the records of the Inns of Court where they were trained to become barristers. By the year 1900, the last of these Inns, i.e. Clement’s Inn, had closed. Admission registers are available for some of the Inns. Associated with Lincoln’s Inn were Thavy’s Inn and Furnivall’s Inn; Inner Temple were Clifford’s Inn, Clement’s Inn, and Lyon’s Inn; Middle Temple were New Inn and Strand Inn; and Gray’s Inn were Staple Inn and Barnard’s Inn.

• Law Lists - are a chronological record of barristers and solicitors in Ireland. These have been published annually since 1775.

Source Citations for Legal Materials

Abbreviations for Nominate Reports - The name of the report is always abbreviated. The more common abbreviations are listed in the following table:

Abbreviation	Court Type	Explanation
AC	Appeal Cases	Reports of judgments in the Appellate Committee of the House of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
KB	King’s Bench	Reports of the judgments given in the King’s Bench Division
QB	Queen’s Bench	Reports of the judgments given in the Queen’s Bench Division
Ch.	Chancery	Reports of the judgments given in the Chancery Division
Eq.	Equity	Reports of the judgments given in the Court of Equity
Ex.	Exchequer	Reports of the judgments given in the Court of the Exchequer
C.L.	Common Law	Reports of the judgments given in the Courts of Common Law
C.P.	Common Pleas	Reports of the judgments given in the Court of Common Pleas

Page Numbers - In legal records and in citing cases from the Nominate Reports, always cite the printed page number.

Volume Numbers - Depending on the format of the volumes, you may or may not need to cite the year in addition to the volume number. In instances when volume numbers are used, primarily after 1878 when the Law Reports were instituted, only the volume number is necessary. In earlier years when there were no consecutive volume numbers, the year must be included. To cite the year properly, see brackets below.

Brackets - When citing the year in legal documents, square [] and round () brackets have special significance. When using the [] bracket, it indicates that the year has special significance in citing the reference and the year must be included in the reference. In instances when () brackets are used, it indicates that the year is not an essential part of the reference, but may be included for clarification purposes.

Italics - The names of parties, including the 'v' are italicized. For example Hawkshaw v. Rencher.

Websites

• Guide to Irish Law by Dr. Darius Whelan https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Ireland.html

Bibliography

Legal Definitions and Reference Assistance

1. Byrne, Joseph. Byrne's Dictionary of Irish Local History from earliest times to c. 1900. Douglas Village, Cork: Mercier Press, 2004. Also available as an eBook.

2. Richardson, John. The Local Historian's Encyclopedia. 3d edition [London]: Historical Publications, 2003.

Inns of Court

3. Herber, Mark D. Ancestral Trails, the Complete Guide to British Genealogy and Family History. (Stroud, Gloucester: Sutton Publishing, Ltd., 1997) pp. 390-2.

4. Kenny, Column. King's Inns & The Kingdom of Ireland, The Irish 'Inn of Court' 1541-1800. Blackrock, Ireland: Irish Academic Press, 1992.

5. Phair, P. Beryl. "Early Genealogical Sources for Attornies and Barristers," in Irish Genealogy - A Record Finder, Donal F. Begley, editor (Dublin: Heraldic Artists, Ltd., 1981), 181-194.

Irish Statutes

6. Oulton, Andrew Newton. Index to the statutes, at present in force in, or affecting Ireland, from the year 1310 to 1838 inclusive. Dublin: Hodges and Smith, 1839.

Source and Legal Citations

7. English for Legal Purpose, luyulei.cn. Database http://www.luyulei.cn : 2009.

8. Mills, Elizabeth Shown. Evidence Explained. 3d. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2015.