French Republican Calendar

France Republican Calendar

History of the Calendar

The French Republican calendar (also known as the Revolutionary calendar) was introduced during the French Revolution to replace the Gregorian calendar and begin a new era. The calendar was based on scientific rather than Christian principles.

This calendar was used for twelve years, from 24 October 1793 to 31 December 1805. (An attempt was made in 1871 to reinstate it, but this attempt failed.) It was used for civil registration records, notarial records, and other government records throughout France and other areas under French rule, including modern Belgium, Luxembourg, and parts of the Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland, and Italy. It also affected records in other areas ruled by the French government, such as Egypt, Malta, Reunion, Louisiana, Guiana, and some Caribbean islands.

Principles of the New Calendar

Each year began on the autumn equinox, and the years were counted from the founding of the French Republic on 22 September 1792.

Each year had twelve months of thirty days each.

Five days, called complementary days, were added to the end of the year to bring the total to 365.

Every four years, beginning with the third year of the Republic, an extra complementary day was added. (Days were added to years 3, 7, 11, and so forth.) During this period, the standard calendar had only two leap years (in 1796 and 1804).

The Months

The twelve months of the French Republican calendar were based on the natural events of the seasons of the year. They do not correspond to the standard months of January through December.

In areas that were not French-speaking, the names of the months were often translated into the language of the record, as shown by the following chart:

Months of the French Republican Calendar

Autumn Months

English	French	German	Dutch	Italian	Latin
grape harvest	Vendémiaire	Weinlesemonat	Wijnoogstmaand	vendemmaio mensis	vindemiarum
fog	Brumaire	Nebelmonat	Mistmaand	brumaio mensis	brumarum
frost	Frimaire	Reifmonat	Rijpmaand	frimaio mensus	frimarum

Winter months

snow	Nivôse	Schneemonat	Sneeuwmaand	nevoso mensis	nivium
rain	Pluviôse	Regenmonat	Regenmaand	piovoso mensis	pluviarum
wind	Ventôse	Windmonat	Windmaand	ventoso mensis	ventorum

Spring months

germination	Germinal	Keimmonat	Kiemmaand	germinale mensis	germinum
flowering	Floréal	Blütenmonat	Blœmmaand	floreale mensis	florum
pasture	Prairial	Wiesenmonat	Grasmaand	pratile mensis	prætorum

Summer months

harvest	Messidor	Erntemonat	Oostmaand	messidoro mensis	messium
heat	Thermidor*	Hitzemonat	Hittemaand	termidoro mensis	thermarum
fruit	Fructidor	Fruchtmonat	Vruchtmaand	fruttidoro mensis	fructuum

• Occasionally, the name Fervidor(heat) was used for Thermidor.

Complementary or Feast Days

English	French	German	Dutch	Italian	Latin
Feast of...	Fête de...	Fest der...	Feest der...	giorno della...	Festum...
First day virtue	la vertu	Tugend	Deugd	virtù	virtutis
Second day genius	le genie	Geistes	Vernuft	genio	ingenii
Third day labor	le travail	Arbeit	Werkzaamheid	lavoro	laboris
Fourth day opinion	l’opinion	Meinung	Gezindheid	opinione	opinionis
Fifth day rewards	récompenses	Belohnungen	Beloning	ricompènse	pretiorum
Sixth day* revolution	la révolution	Umsturzes/ Revolution	Revolutie	rivoluzione	revolutionis

• Only used in leap years

Complementary Days

The extra days at the end of the year were called jours complémentaires (complementary days or holidays) or jours-sansculottides (days of the revolutionaries). The complementary days were feast days and each had a name. The above chart shows the names in each language where the calendar was used.

How Dates were Recorded

Dates were usually written out in French or the local language. For example:

• Le treizième jour du mois de Pluviôse l’an sept de la République Française (The 13th of Pluviose in the seventh year of the French Republic).

The years of the Republic were often designated by Roman numerals. For example:

• 13 Pluviôse VII (13 Pluviose, seventh year of the Republic).

The complementary (feast) days were recorded in two ways:

• By the name of the feast. Example: the feast day of Labor in the ninth year of the French Republic.
• By the number (first, second, third, and so on) of the day.
• Example: the third complementary day of the ninth year of the French Republic.

How to Calculate the Standard Date for a French Republican Date

Four calendars are on the following pages. Each calendar has the French Republican months across the top, and thirty days on the left-hand column.

Find the French Republican year for the date you are converting at the top of one of the four calendars.

Find the day (of the French month) in the left column, and move across the page to the French month (abbreviated at the top of the chart). This will give you the standard (Gregorian) month and day.

Return to the top of the calendar. The corresponding standard years are on the same horizontal line as the French Republican year. The correct standard year for the date you are converting is on the same side of the heavy black line as the month and day you found in step 2.

Example: 10 Vendémiaire de l’an IX

Year IX is on Calendar Three

On Calendar Three, find the number 10 in the left column and move across the page to the column for Vendémiaire. This box says 2 Oct. Dates on the left side of the heavy black line for the ninth year of the Republic correspond to 1800. Thus 10 Vendémiaire IX corresponds to 2 October 1800.

Calendar One

Year One I.............................1792    1793

Year Two II.............................1793    1794

Year Three III..........................1794    1795

Year Five V............................1796    1797

Year Six VI............................1797    1798

Year Seven VII.......................1798    1799

VEND

BRUM

FRIM

NIVO

PLUV

VENT

GERM

FLOR

PRAIR

MESS

THERM

FRUCT

COMPL

1

22 Sep

22 Oct

21 Nov

21 Dec

20 Jan

19 Feb

21 Mar

20 Apr

20 May

19 Jun

19 Jul

18 Aug

17 Sep

2

23 Sep

23 Oct

22 Nov

22 Dec

21 Jan

20 Feb

22 Mar

21 Apr

21 May

20 Jun

20 Jul

19 Aug

18 Sep

3

24 Sep

24 Oct

23 Nov

23 Dec

22 Jan

21 Feb

23 Mar

22 Apr

22 May

21 Jun

21 Jul

20 Aug

19 Sep

4

25 Sep

25 Oct

24 Nov

24 Dec

23 Jan

22 Feb

24 Mar

23 Apr

23 May

22 Jun

22 Jul

21 Aug

20 Sep

5

26 Sep

26 Oct

25 Nov

25 Dec

24 Jan

23 Feb

25 Mar

24 Apr

24 May

23 Jun

23 Jul

22 Aug

21 Sep

6

27 Sep

27 Oct

26 Nov

26 Dec

25 Jan

24 Feb

26 Mar

25 Apr

25 May

24 Jun

24 Jul

23 Aug

22 Sep*

7

28 Sep

28 Oct

27 Nov

27 Dec

26 Jan

25 Feb

27 Mar

26 Apr

26 May

25 Jun

25 Jul

24 Aug

8

29 Sep

29 Oct

28 Nov

28 Dec

27 Jan

26 Feb

28 Mar

27 Apr

27 May

26 Jun

26 Jul

25 Aug

9

30 Sep

30 Oct

29 Nov

29 Dec

28 Jan

27 Feb

29 Mar

28 Apr

28 May

27 Jun

27 Jul

26 Aug

10

1 Oct

31 Oct

30 Nov

30 Dec

29 Jan

28 Feb

30 Mar

29 Apr

29 May

28 Jun

28 Jul

27 Aug

11

2 Oct

1 Nov

1 Dec

31 Dec

30 Jan

29 Feb

31 Mar

30 Apr

30 May

29 Jun

29 Jul

28 Aug

12

3 Oct

2 Nov

2 Dec

1 Jan

31 Jan

1 Mar

1 Apr

1 May

31 May

30 Jun

30 Jul

29 Aug

13

4 Oct

3 Nov

3 Dec

2 Jan

1 Feb

2 Mar

2 Apr

2 May

1 Jun

1 Jul

31 Jul

30 Aug

14

5 Oct

4 Nov

4 Dec

3 Jan

2 Feb

3 Mar

3 Apr

3 May

2 Jun

2 Jul

1 Aug

31 Aug

15

6 Oct

5 Nov

5 Dec

4 Jan

3 Feb

4 Mar

4 Apr

4 May

3 Jun

3 Jul

2 Aug

1 Sep

16

7 Oct

6 Nov

6 Dec

5 Jan

4 Feb

5 Mar

5 Apr

5 May

4 Jun

4 Jul

3 Aug

2 Sep

17

8 Oct

7 Nov

7 Dec

6 Jan

5 Feb

6 Mar

6 Apr

6 May

5 Jun

5 Jul

4 Aug

3 Sep

18

9 Oct

8 Nov

8 Dec

7 Jan

6 Feb

7 Mar

7 Apr

7 May

6 Jun

6 Jul

5 Aug

4 Sep

19

10 Oct

9 Nov

9 Dec

8 Jan

7 Feb

8 Mar

8 Apr

8 May

7 Jun

7 Jul

6 Aug

5 Sep

20

11 Oct

10 Nov

10 Dec

9 Jan

8 Feb

9 Mar

9 Apr

9 May

8 Jun

8 Jul

7 Aug

6 Sep

21

12 Oct

11 Nov

11 Dec

10 Jan

9 Feb

10 Mar

10 Apr

10 May

9 Jun

9 Jul

8 Aug

7 Sep

22

13 Oct

12 Nov

12 Dec

11 Jan

10 Feb

11 Mar

11 Apr

11 May

10 Jun

10 Jul

9 Aug

8 Sep

23

14 Oct

13 Nov

13 Dec

12 Jan

11 Feb

12 Mar

12 Apr

12 May

11 Jun

11 Jul

10 Aug

9 Sep

24

15 Oct

14 Nov

14 Dec

13 Jan

12 Feb

13 Mar

13 Apr

13 May

12 Jun

12 Jul

11 Aug

10 Sep

25

16 Oct

15 Nov

15 Dec

14 Jan

13 Feb

14 Mar

14 Apr

14 May

13 Jun

13 Jul

12 Aug

11 Sep

26

17 Oct

16 Nov

16 Dec

15 Jan

14 Feb

15 Mar

15 Apr

15 May

14 Jun

14 Jul

13 Aug

12 Sep

27

18 Oct

17 Nov

17 Dec

16 Jan

15 Feb

16 Mar

16 Apr

16 May

15 Jun

15 Jul

14 Aug

13 Sep

28

19 Oct

18 Nov

18 Dec

17 Jan

16 Feb

17 Mar

17 Apr

17 May

16 Jun

16 Jul

15 Aug

14 Sep

29

20 Oct

19 Nov

19 Dec

18 Jan

17 Feb

18 Mar

18 Apr

18 May

17 Jun

17 Jul

16 Aug

15 Sep

30

21 Oct

20 Nov

20 Dec

19 Jan

18 Feb

19 Mar

19 Apr

19 May

18 Jun

18 Jul

17 Aug

16 Sep

• Used only in Year III and VII
  

Calendar Two

French Republican Year                           Standard (Gregorian) Year  (in Bold)

Year Four IV . . . . . . . . . 1795    1796

VEND

BRUM

FRIM

NIVO

PLUV

VENT

GERM

FLOR

PRAIR

MESS

THERM

FRUCT

COMPL

1

23 Sep

23 Oct

22 Nov

22 Dec

21 Jan

20 Feb

21 Mar

20 Apr

20 May

19 Jun

19 Jul

18 Aug

17 Sep

2

24 Sep

24 Oct

23 Nov

23 Dec

22 Jan

21 Feb

22 Mar

21 Apr

21 May

20 Jun

20 Jul

19 Aug

18 Sep

3

25 Sep

25 Oct

24 Nov

24 Dec

23 Jan

22 Feb

23 Mar

22 Apr

22 May

21 Jun

21 Jul

20 Aug

19 Sep

4

26 Sep

26 Oct

25 Nov

25 Dec

24 Jan

23 Feb

24 Mar

23 Apr

23 May

22 Jun

22 Jul

21 Aug

20 Sep

5

27 Sep

27 Oct

26 Nov

26 Dec

25 Jan

24 Feb

25 Mar

24 Apr

24 May

23 Jun

23 Jul

22 Aug

21 Sep

6

28 Sep

28 Oct

27 Nov

27 Dec

26 Jan

25 Feb

26 Mar

25 Apr

25 May

24 Jun

24 Jul

23 Aug

7

29 Sep

29 Oct

28 Nov

28 Dec

27 Jan

26 Feb

27 Mar

26 Apr

26 May

25 Jun

25 Jul

24 Aug

8

30 Sep

30 Oct

29 Nov

29 Dec

28 Jan

27 Feb

28 Mar

27 Apr

27 May

26 Jun

26 Jul

25 Aug

9

1 Oct

31 Oct

30 Nov

30 Dec

29 Jan

28 Feb

29 Mar

28 Apr

28 May

27 Jun

27 Jul

26 Aug

10

2 Oct

1 Nov

1 Dec

31 Dec

30 Jan

29 Feb

30 Mar

29 Apr

29 May

28 Jun

28 Jul

27 Aug

11

3 Oct

2 Nov

2 Dec

1 Jan

31 Jan

1 Mar

31 Mar

30 Apr

30 May

29 Jun

29 Jul

28 Aug

12

4 Oct

3 Nov

3 Dec

2 Jan

1 Feb

2 Mar

1 Apr

1 May

31 May

30 Jun

30 Jul

29 Aug

13

5 Oct

4 Nov

4 Dec

3 Jan

2 Feb

3 Mar

2 Apr

2 May

1 Jun

1 Jul

31 Jul

30 Aug

14

6 Oct

5 Nov

5 Dec

4 Jan

3 Feb

4 Mar

3 Apr

3 May

2 Jun

2 Jul

1 Aug

31 Aug

15

7 Oct

6 Nov

6 Dec

5 Jan

4 Feb

5 Mar

4 Apr

4 May

3 Jun

3 Jul

2 Aug

1 Sep

16

8 Oct

7 Nov

7 Dec

6 Jan

5 Feb

6 Mar

5 Apr

5 May

4 Jun

4 Jul

3 Aug

2 Sep

17

9 Oct

8 Nov

8 Dec

7 Jan

6 Feb

7 Mar

6 Apr

6 May

5 Jun

5 Jul

4 Aug

3 Sep

18

10 Oct

9 Nov

9 Dec

8 Jan

7 Feb

8 Mar

7 Apr

7 May

6 Jun

6 Jul

5 Aug

4 Sep

19

11 Oct

10 Nov

10 Dec

9 Jan

8 Feb

9 Mar

8 Apr

8 May

7 Jun

7 Jul

6 Aug

5 Sep

20

12 Oct

11 Nov

11 Dec

10 Jan

9 Feb

10 Mar

9 Apr

9 May

8 Jun

8 Jul

7 Aug

6 Sep

21

13 Oct

12 Nov

12 Dec

11 Jan

10 Feb

11 Mar

10 Apr

10 May

9 Jun

9 Jul

8 Aug

7 Sep

22

14 Oct

13 Nov

13 Dec

12 Jan

11 Feb

12 Mar

11 Apr

11 May

10 Jun

10 Jul

9 Aug

8 Sep

23

15 Oct

14 Nov

14 Dec

13 Jan

12 Feb

13 Mar

12 Apr

12 May

11 Jun

11 Jul

10 Aug

9 Sep

24

16 Oct

15 Nov

15 Dec

14 Jan

13 Feb

14 Mar

13 Apr

13 May

12 Jun

12 Jul

11 Aug

10 Sep

25

17 Oct

16 Nov

16 Dec

15 Jan

14 Feb

15 Mar

14 Apr

14 May

13 Jun

13 Jul

12 Aug

11 Sep

26

18 Oct

17 Nov

17 Dec

16 Jan

15 Feb

16 Mar

15 Apr

15 May

14 Jun

14 Jul

13 Aug

12 Sep

27

19 Oct

18 Nov

18 Dec

17 Jan

16 Feb

17 Mar

16 Apr

16 May

15 Jun

15 Jul

14 Aug

13 Sep

28

20 Oct

19 Nov

19 Dec

18 Jan

17 Feb

18 Mar

17 Apr

17 May

16 Jun

16 Jul

15 Aug

14 Sep

29

21 Oct

20 Nov

20 Dec

19 Jan

18 Feb

19 Mar

18 Apr

18 May

17 Jun

17 Jul

16 Aug

15 Sep

30

22 Oct

21 Nov

21 Dec

20 Jan

19 Feb

20 Mar

19 Apr

19 May

18 Jun

18 Jul

17 Aug

16 Sep

Calendar Three

French Republican Year                 Standard (Gregorian) Year (in Bold)

Year Eight VII . . . . . . .  1799    1800

Year Nine IX . . . . . . . .  1800    1801

Year Ten X . . . . . . . . .  1801    1802

Year Eleven XI . . . . . . . 1802    1803

Year Thirteen XIII . . . . .1803    1804

Year Fourteen XIV. . . . .1804    1805

VEND

BRUM

FRIM

NIVO

PLUV

VENT

GERM

FLOR

PRAIR

MESS

THERM

FRUCT

COMPL

1

23 Sep

23 Oct

22 Nov

22 Dec

21 Jan

20 Feb

22 Mar

21 Apr

21 May

20 Jun

20 Jul

19 Aug

18 Sep

2

24 Sep

24 Oct

23 Nov

23 Dec

22 Jan

21 Feb

23 Mar

22 Apr

22 May

21 Jun

21 Jul

20 Aug

19 Sep

3

25 Sep

25 Oct

24 Nov

24 Dec

23 Jan

22 Feb

24 Mar

23 Apr

23 May

22 Jun

22 Jul

21 Aug

20 Sep

4

26 Sep

26 Oct

25 Nov

25 Dec

24 Jan

23 Feb

25 Mar

24 Apr

24 May

23 Jun

23 Jul

22 Aug

21 Sep

5

27 Sep

27 Oct

26 Nov

26 Dec

25 Jan

24 Feb

26 Mar

25 Apr

25 May

24 Jun

24 Jul

23 Aug

22 Sep

6

28 Sep

28 Oct

27 Nov

27 Dec

26 Jan

25 Feb

27 Mar

26 Apr

26 May

25 Jun

25 Jul

24 Aug

23 Sep*

7

29 Sep

29 Oct

28 Nov

28 Dec

27 Jan

26 Feb

28 Mar

27 Apr

27 May

26 Jun

26 Jul

25 Aug

8

30 Sep

30 Oct

29 Nov

29 Dec

28 Jan

27 Feb

29 Mar

28 Apr

28 May

27 Jun

27 Jul

26 Aug

9

1 Oct

31 Oct

30 Nov

30 Dec

29 Jan

28 Feb

30 Mar

29 Apr

29 May

28 Jun

28 Jul

27 Aug

10

2 Oct

1 Nov

1 Dec

31 Dec

30 Jan

29 Feb

31 Mar

30 Apr

30 May

29 Jun

29 Jul

28 Aug

11

3 Oct

2 Nov

2 Dec

1 Jan

31 Jan

1 Mar

1 Apr

1 May

31 May

30 Jun

30 Jul

29 Aug

12

4 Oct

3 Nov

3 Dec

2 Jan

1 Feb

2 Mar

2 Apr

2 May

1 Jun

1 Jul

31 Jul

30 Aug

13

5 Oct

4 Nov

4 Dec

3 Jan

2 Feb

3 Mar

3 Apr

3 May

2 Jun

2 Jul

1 Aug

31 Aug

14

6 Oct

5 Nov

5 Dec

4 Jan

3 Feb

4 Mar

4 Apr

4 May

3 Jun

3 Jul

2 Aug

1 Sep

15

7 Oct

6 Nov

6 Dec

5 Jan

4 Feb

5 Mar

5 Apr

5 May

4 Jun

4 Jul

3 Aug

2 Sep

16

8 Oct

7 Nov

7 Dec

6 Jan

5 Feb

6 Mar

6 Apr

6 May

5 Jun

5 Jul

4 Aug

3 Sep

17

9 Oct

8 Nov

8 Dec

7 Jan

6 Feb

7 Mar

7 Apr

7 May

6 Jun

6 Jul

5 Aug

4 Sep

19

11 Oct

10 Nov

10 Dec

9 Jan

8 Feb

9 Mar

9 Apr

9 May

8 Jun

8 Jul

7 Aug

6 Sep

20

12 Oct

11 Nov

11 Dec

10 Jan

9 Feb

10 Mar

10 Apr

10 May

9 Jun

9 Jul

8 Aug

7 Sep

21

13 Oct

12 Nov

12 Dec

11 Jan

10 Feb

11 Mar

11 Apr

11 May

10 Jun

10 Jul

9 Aug

8 Sep

22

14 Oct

13 Nov

13 Dec

12 Jan

11 Feb

12 Mar

12 Apr

12 May

11 Jun

11 Jul

10 Aug

9 Sep

23

15 Oct

14 Nov

14 Dec

13 Jan

12 Feb

13 Mar

13 Apr

13 May

12 Jun

12 Jul

11 Aug

10 Sep

24

16 Oct

15 Nov

15 Dec

14 Jan

13 Feb

14 Mar

14 Apr

14 May

13 Jun

13 Jul

12 Aug

11 Sep

25

17 Oct

16 Nov

16 Dec

15 Jan

14 Feb

15 Mar

15 Apr

15 May

14 Jun

14 Jul

13 Aug

12 Sep

26

18 Oct

17 Nov

17 Dec

16 Jan

15 Feb

16 Mar

16 Apr

16 May

15 Jun

15 Jul

14 Aug

13 Sep

27

19 Oct

18 Nov

18 Dec

17 Jan

16 Feb

17 Mar

17 Apr

17 May

16 Jun

16 Jul

15 Aug

14 Sep

28

20 Oct

19 Nov

19 Dec

18 Jan

17 Feb

18 Mar

18 Apr

18 May

17 Jun

17 Jul

16 Aug

15 Sep

29

21 Oct

20 Nov

20 Dec

19 Jan

18 Feb

19 Mar

19 Apr

19 May

18 Jun

18 Jul

17 Aug

16 Sep

30

22 Oct

21 Nov

21 Dec

20 Jan

19 Feb

20 Mar

20 Apr

20 May

19 Jun

19 Jul

18 Aug

17 Sep

• Used only in Year XI

Calendar Four

VEND

BRUM

FRIM

NIVO

PLUV

VENT

GERM

FLOR

PRAIR

MESS

THERM

FRUCT

COMPL 1 24 Sep 24 Oct 23 Nov 23 Dec 22 Jan 21 Feb 22 Mar 21 Apr 21 May 20 Jun 20 Jul 19 Aug 18 Sep 2 25 Sep 25 Oct 24 Nov 24 Dec 23 Jan 22 Feb 23 Mar 22 Apr 22 May 21 Jun 21 Jul 20 Aug 19 Sep 3 26 Sep 26 Oct 25 Nov 25 Dec 24 Jan 23 Feb 24 Mar 23 Apr 23 May 22 Jun 22 Jul 21 Aug 20 Sep 4 27 Sep 27 Oct 26 Nov 26 Dec 25 Jan 24 Feb 25 Mar 24 Apr 24 May 23 Jun 23 Jul 22 Aug 21 Sep 5 28 Sep 28 Oct 27 Nov 27 Dec 26 Jan 25 Feb 26 Mar 25 Apr 25 May 24 Jun 24 Jul 23 Aug 22 Sep 6 29 Sep 29 Oct 28 Nov 28 Dec 27 Jan 26 Feb 27 Mar 26 Apr 26 May 25 Jun 25 Jul 24 Aug 7 30 Sep 30 Oct 29 Nov 29 Dec 28 Jan 27 Feb 28 Mar 27 Apr 27 May 26 Jun 26 Jul 25 Aug 8 1 Oct 31 Oct 30 Nov 30 Dec 29 Jan 28 Feb 29 Mar 28 Apr 28 May 27 Jun 27 Jul 26 Aug 9 2 Oct 1 Nov 1 Dec 31 Dec 30 Jan 29 Feb 30 Mar 29 Apr 29 May 28 Jun 28 Jul 27 Aug 10 3 Oct 2 Nov 2 Dec 1 Ja n 31 Jan 1 Mar 31 Mar 30 Apr 30 May 29 Jun 29 Jul 28 Aug 11 4 Oct 3 Nov 3 Dec 2 Ja n 1 Feb 2 Mar 1 Apr 1 May 31 May 30 Jun 30 Jul 29 Aug 12 5 Oct 4 Nov 4 Dec 3 Ja n 2 Feb 3 Mar 2 Apr 2 May 1 Jun 1 Jul 31 Jul 30 Aug 13 6 Oct 5 Nov 5 Dec 4 Ja n 3 Feb 4 Mar 3 Apr 3 May 2 Jun 2 Jul 1 Aug 31 Aug 14 7 Oct 6 Nov 6 Dec 5 Jan 4 Feb 5 Mar 4 Apr 4 May 3 Jun 3 Jul 2 Aug 1 Sep 15 8 Oct 7 Nov 7 Dec 6 Jan 5 Feb 6 Mar 5 Apr 5 May 4 Jun 4 Jul 3 Aug 2 Sep 16 9 Oct 8 Nov 8 Dec 7 Jan 6 Feb 7 Mar 6 Apr 6 May 5 Jun 5 Jul 4 Aug 3 Sep 17 10 Oct 9 Nov 9 Dec 8 Jan 7 Feb 8 Mar 7 Apr 7 May 6 Jun 6 Jul 5 Aug 4 Sep 18 11 Oct 10 Nov 10 Dec 9 Jan 8 Feb 9 Mar 8 Apr 8 May 7 Jun 7 Jul 6 Aug 5 Sep 19 12 Oct 11 Nov 11 Dec 10 Jan 9 Feb 10 Mar 9 Apr 9 May 8 Jun 8 Jul 7 Aug 6 Sep 20 13 Oct 12 Nov 12 Dec 11 Jan 10 Feb 11 Mar 10 Apr 10 May 9 Jun 9 Jul 8 Aug 7 Sep 21 14 Oct 13 Nov 13 Dec 12 Jan 11 Feb 12 Mar 11 Apr 11 May 10 Jun 10 Jul 9 Aug 8 Sep 22 15 Oct 14 Nov 14 Dec 13 Jan 12 Feb 13 Mar 12 Apr 12 May 11 Jun 11 Jul 10 Aug 9 Sep 23 16 Oct 15 Nov 15 Dec 14 Jan 13 Feb 14 Mar 13 Apr 13 May 12 Jun 12 Jul 11 Aug 10 Sep 24 17 Oct 16 Nov 16 Dec 15 Jan 14 Feb 15 Mar 14 Apr 14 May 13 Jun 13 Jul 12 Aug 11 Sep 25 18 Oct 17 Nov 17 Dec 16 Jan 15 Feb 16 Mar 15 Apr 15 May 14 Jun 14 Jul 13 Aug 12 Sep 26 19 Oct 18 Nov 18 Dec 17 Jan 16 Feb 17 Mar 16 Apr 16 May 15 Jun 15 Jul 14 Aug 13 Sep 27 20 Oct 19 Nov 19 Dec 18 Jan 17 Feb 18 Mar 17 Apr 17 May 16 Jun 16 Jul 15 Aug 14 Sep 28 21 Oct 20 Nov 20 Dec 19 Jan 18 Feb 19 Mar 18 Apr 18 May 17 Jun 17 Jul 16 Aug 15 Sep 29 22 Oct 21 Nov 21 Dec 20 Jan 19 Feb 20 Mar 19 Apr 19 May 18 Jun 18 Jul 17 Aug 16 Sep 30 23 Oct 22 Nov 22 Dec 21 Jan 20 Feb 21 Mar 20 Apr 20 May 19 Jun 19 Jul 18 Aug 17 Sep } Paper publication: First Edition, Feb. 1991.