Zuni Tribe

American Indians

New Mexico

New Mexico Indians

Zuni Indian Tribe, New Mexico

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Ancestral Homeland: NorthernLink title New Mexico

Population: 1990: 8,000

Tribal Headquarters

Pueblo of Zuni
PO Box 339
1203B State HWY. 53
Zuni, NM 87327

Phone: 1-505-782-7000
Fax: 1-505-782-7002

• Pueblo of Zuni Official Website

History

Zuni pueblos: Nutria, Ojo Caliente,Pescado and Zuni

Extinct Zuni pueblos:Halona, Hampasawan, Hawikuh, Heshokta, Heshota Ayathltona, Heshota Hluptsina, Heshota Imkoskwin, Heshotapathltaie, Heshota Uhla, Kechipauan, Kiakima, Kwakina, Kwakinawan, Matski, Pinawan, Shopakia, Wimian

Additional References to the History of the Tribe

Frederick Webb Hodge, in his Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, gave a more complete history of the Zuni tribe, with estimations of the population of the tribe at various time periods. Additional details are given in John Swanton's The Indian Tribes of North America.

Gregory C. Crampton. The Zunis of Cibola. University of Utah Press. 1977. FHL book 970.3 Z86c

Frederick Webb Hodge. History of Hawikun, New Mexico. Los Angeles, Southwest Museum 1937. FHL Book 970.3 H662h

Brief Timeline

• 1540: Francisco Vasquez de Coronado - stays in Hawikah Zuni village
• 1800's: Smallpox epidemics
• 1820: Franciscan missionaries
• 1865: Approximate date of the last Navajo raid on the Zuni.
• 1872: Zuni began using silver in their jewelry.
• 1877: A Presbyterian mission and school was opened.
• 1878 Smallpox epidemic
• 1898-99: Epidemic kills 250
• 1897: Christian Reformed Church founded a mission
• 1905-1907: Black Rock Dam was constructed
• 1907: The Black Rock Boarding School was opened.
• 1910-1911: Measles epidemic between 90 and 175 deaths
• 1920: Franciscans mission reestablished
• 1950-60: Members of the tribe learned silver jewelry making from Navajo
• 1978: United States returns ownership of the sacred Zuni "Salt Lake"
• 1984: United States returns ownership of "Zuni Heaven" - eastern Arizona

Reservations

The main part of the Zuni Reservation is located in New Mexico, but the tribe also has land in Arizona.

Agency

Zuni Agency

Records

The majority of records of individuals were those created by the agencies. Some records may be available to tribal members through the tribal headquarters.They were (and are) the local office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and were charged with maintaining records of the activities of those under their responsibility. Among these records are:

• Allotment records
• Annuity rolls
• Census records
• Correspondence
• Health records
• Reports
• School census and records
• Vital records

School Records

Zuni Indian Boarding School

Important Websites

• Constitution of the Zuni Tribe
• Pueblo of Zuni Offical Website
• Wikipedia article on Zuni Pueblo

References

Bibliography

• Guide to Federal Records in the National Archives; Record Group 75, Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
• Hodge, Frederick Webb. Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1906 Available online.
• Klein, Barry T., ed. Reference Encyclopedia of the American Indian. Nyack, New York: Todd Publications, 2009. 10th ed. WorldCat 317923332; FHL book 970.1 R259e.
• Malinowski, Sharon and Sheets, Anna, eds. The Gale Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes. Detroit: Gale Publishing, 1998. 4 volumes. Includes: Lists of Federally Recognized Tribes for U.S., Alaska, and Canada – pp. 513-529 Alphabetical Listing of Tribes, with reference to volume and page in this series Map of “Historic Locations of U.S. Native Groups” Map of “Historic Locations of Canadian Native Groups” Map of “Historic Locations of Mexican, Hawaiian and Caribbean Native Groups” Maps of “State and Federally Recognized U.S. Indian Reservations. WorldCat 37475188; FHL book 970.1 G131g.

Vol. 1 -- Northeast, Southeast, Caribbean

Vol. 2 -- Great Basin, Southwest, Middle America

Vol. 3 -- Arctic, Subarctic, Great Plains, Plateau

Vol. 4 -- California, Pacific Northwest, Pacific Islands

• Sturtevant, William C. Handbook of North American Indians. 20 vols., some not yet published. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1978– .

Volume 1 -- Not yet published

Volume 2 -- Indians in Contemporary Society (pub. 2008) -- WorldCat 234303751

Volume 3 -- Environment, Origins, and Population (pub. 2006) -- WorldCat 255572371

Volume 4 -- History of Indian-White Relations (pub. 1988) -- WorldCat 19331914; FHL book 970.1 H191h v.4.

Volume 5 -- Arctic (pub. 1984) -- WorldCat 299653808; FHL book 970.1 H191h v.5.

Volume 6 -- Subarctic (pub. 1981) -- WorldCat 247493742; FHL book 970.1 H191h v.6.

Volume 7 -- Northwest Coast (pub. 1990) -- WorldCat 247493311

Volume 8 -- California (pub. 1978) -- WorldCat 13240086; FHL book 970.1 H191h v.8.

Volume 9 -- Southwest (pub. 1979) -- WorldCat 26140053; FHL book 970.1 H191h v.9.

Volume 10 -- Southwest (pub. 1983) -- WorldCat 301504096; FHL book 970.1 H191h v.10.

Volume 11 -- Great Basin (pub. 1986) -- WorldCat 256516416; FHL book 970.1 H191h v.11.

Volume 12 -- Plateau (pub. 1998) -- WorldCat 39401371; FHL book 970.1 H191h v.12.

Volume 13 -- Plains, 2 vols. (pub. 2001) -- WorldCat 48209643

Volume 14 -- Southeast (pub. 2004) -- WorldCat 254277176

Volume 15 -- Northwest (pub. 1978) -- WorldCat 356517503; FHL book 970.1 H191h v.15.

Volume 16 -- Not yet published

Volume 17 -- Languages (pub. 1996) -- WorldCat 43957746

Volume 18 -- Not yet published

Volume 19 -- Not yet published

Volume 20 -- Not yet published

• Swanton John R. The Indian Tribes of North America. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 Available online.
• Waldman, Carl. Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes. New York, New York: Facts on File, 2006. 3rd ed. WorldCat 14718193; FHL book 970.1 W146e 2006.