Denmark Probate Records
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Probate records are court records that describe the distribution of a person's estate after death. Information in the records may include the death date, names of heirs and guardians, relationships, residences, an inventory of the estate, and names of witnesses.
These records are very helpful for research because in many areas the authorities began recording probate actions before birth and death records.
Probate records were not created for every person who died. The probate law of 1683 stated that probate was necessary if a parent died and left children that were not of age (age 25). Often an estate was probated even if the children were of age.
Although probate records are one of the most accurate sources of genealogical information, the relationships noted in the records may not always have the same meaning today. For instance, a brother-in-law may be recorded as a brother, because legally that made no difference.
From the fourteenth century in Denmark, the foged (bailiff) was responsible for law enforcement in his bailiwick. Late in the sixteenth century the sorenskriver (scribe) in the bailiff's office was appointed to take care of probate cases and prepare the legal documents in connection with the probate. Later the title of sorenskriver took on the meaning of probate judge.
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The Probate Process[edit | edit source]
Before 1683, probate records were often part of the general court records. The probate process began when the authorities were notified of a death. Thirty days after notification, the authorities held a registration of the estate at the home of the deceased. If the deceased was a parent, the surviving spouse and all children still living at home were to be present. All heirs not living in the parish were allowed a certain time to present themselves to the court. The time allowed was based on how far they had to travel. If a widow was pregnant when her husband died, she had the right to keep possession until after the child's birth. All guardians had to be present when the estate was divided.
The probate document was signed by all heirs or their guardians and by the probating authority.
No widower or widow could remarry before the estate had been settled in probate. However, a surviving spouse could receive permission from the court to live in an unprobated estate [uskiftet bo]. Under this provision, there could be no distribution of inheritance to the heirs unless the surviving spouse remarried, died, or requested a distribution.
All legal heirs who could not manage their own affairs were to have a guardian appointed in their behalf. The law stated that the child's closest relatives were to be appointed guardian, the father's relatives first, then the mother's. If no relatives were available, then the court appointed a guardian. A widow could choose her own guardian subject to the court's approval.
Records of guardianship may be kept separately from other probate papers, or a different court may have jurisdiction over guardianship.
To view records examples of skifteprotokollerne (administrations of estates) with translations click here.
Wills and Indexes [Testamentprotokoller med Indexer][edit | edit source]
Research use: These records are useful linkage sources for the upper and middle classes. They give family relationships. They are difficult to use without the indexes; The indexes are needed to effectively locate individuals in the wills.
Record type: Legal declarations of a person's desires for the disposition of his property or estate after his death. Generally only the upper and middle classes had wills. The peasant classes are most often found only in the probate records. Most original will books include indexes. Transcripts of wills were sent to the Chancery to be confirmed. After 1848 , the Ministry of Justice [Justitsministeriet] kept copies of all wills.
Time period: 1500 to present.
Contents: Name and age of testator, residence, heirs, relationships, description of land and property, date of will, signature, witnesses. Indexes.
Location: There is a large collection of original will books (including indexes) in the National Archives that goes up to 1925. Many original wills are in the provincial archives, under the “amts” jurisdiction up to 1933.
Percentage in Family History Library: Overall about 45%. The library has already acquired about 90% of will transcripts (1750-1848) as part of chancery records. Although most of the probate records of Denmark have been filmed, the Family History Library has not filmed any original wills.
Population coverage: 10%.
Reliability: Very good.[1]
For more information about wills, see this article.
The Availability of Probate Records[edit | edit source]
Before the 1683 law, probate was held only when there were problems in dividing an estate. After 1683 the probate records are separate from the other court records and handled by the probate judge.
Probate records for clergy, schoolteachers, and military officers were often kept separate from the regular probate jurisdiction. Church officials would conduct probate for a priest or a schoolteacher, and a commanding officer for a military officer.
The Family History Library has an excellent collection of probate records from many areas of Denmark. These are listed in the catalog under DENMARK, COUNTY, PARISH - PROBATE RECORDS. Most records have separate name indexes in either the beginning or the end of the record. Also check the catalog under DENMARK, [COUNTY], [HERRED] - PROBATE RECORDS.
Guardianship Records [Overformynderiprotokoller][edit | edit source]
Guardianship records are a good supplement to the probate records. Their use is twofold. First, they replace missing probate records. Second, they provide information concerning a minor's later destiny.
The guardianship record usually has the following information:
- Name of the ward or minor.
- Sometimes age or birth date.
- Date on which the inheritance was paid to the court and the estate reference involved. (If the inheritance comes from one or several sources, each document is referred to with the amount.)
- Name of guardian and residence.
- Date on which the inheritance is paid to the ward or minor.
- Status of the ward at the time the inheritance is paid, indicating a place of residence if different from the original probate record.
Research use: Very useful lineage-linking source. Relationship information is given so that blood lines of adoptees and orphans can be identified.
Record type: Records of those who have care of underaged heirs after the death of parents.
Time period: 1570 to present.
Contents: Information about the ward and when and from whom (family member or other person) inheritance was received; information about the guardian and his relationship to the ward, and expenses charged to the estate. At times two generations are mentioned, when both parents and grandparents passed away during the ward's minor state. Dates of birth or christening may be given.
Location: National and provincial archives.
Percentage in Family History Library: 90%.
Population coverage: 10%.[1]
Probate Word List[edit | edit source]
Following is a list of common words, phrases, and abbreviations used in probate records. For other Danish probate vocabulary lists, click here or here.
A[edit | edit source]
| Danish | English |
|---|---|
| A.D. | in the year of our Lord |
| Aar | year |
| Ad | at |
| Advokat | attorney |
| Af, av | of, at, by, from |
| Afdøde | deceased |
| Afg., afgange | deceased |
| Afgangen | the deceased |
| Afgift | fee, charge |
| Afholdelse | conduct, organization |
| Afholdt | held, incurred, organized |
| Afgaa, afgaaet | die, died |
| Afkald | waiver |
| Afkom | offspirng |
| Afsælle | sell |
| Aftale | aggreement |
| Aftos | last night |
| Aftægtsfolk | retired people |
| Aftægtskone | retired woman |
| Aftægtsmand | retired man |
| Agent | agent |
| Agt(en) | intention, purpose |
| Aldeles | absolutely, totally, quite, entirely |
| Alder | age |
| Aldrig | never |
| Alle | all |
| Allerhøjest | most highest |
| Allordere | allocate |
| Alt | all, universe, already |
| Amt | county |
| Amtets | the county's |
| Amtmand | chief county administrator |
| Amtsforratter | county commissioners |
| Anden | other, second |
| Anden side | other side |
| Andunldt | amount |
| Anføre | indicate, state, also retired |
| Anført | listed, stated, specified |
| Anmeld, Anmeldelse | report, notification, review |
| Annus (Latin) | year |
| Anordnet | ordered, arranged, set apart |
| Anpart | share |
| Antage | accept, take on, assume |
| Antagelse | assumption, acceptance |
| Antagelig | presumably, probably, likely |
| Antaget | chosen |
| Antagne | assumed |
| Antal | number |
| Ar, en | are |
| Arbejdshold | work team |
| Arbejdsperiode | employment period or schedule |
| Arv | inheritance |
| Arvedel, Arvadeling | inheritance, portion or share of the inheritance |
| Arvelader | testator |
| Arveskifte | inheritance |
| Arving | heir |
| Arvinger, Arfvinger | heirs |
| At | that, to |
| At være | as, being |
| Aulede | only |
| Avle | beget, grow |
| Avlet | begotten, produced |
| Avlet med afdøde | begotten with the deceased |
| Av | of, from, by |
B[edit | edit source]
| Danish | English |
|---|---|
| Baade | both |
| Barn, børnen | child, children |
| Barnedåb | grandchild |
| Barnefader | the child’s father |
| Bedstefader | grandfather |
| Bedstemoder | grandmother |
| Befal, Befale | command, order |
| Befalede | commanded, ordered |
| Befindes | found to be |
| Begjæring, Begæring | petition, request, application, motion |
| Behøver at | require, have to, need to |
| Bekendtgørelse | official announcement |
| Bekentgjort | announced |
| Bekost, Bekostning | expense, the cost |
| Bekræft | confirm, verify, affirm |
| Beløb | amount |
| Bemeldte | aforesaid |
| Bemidlet | well off |
| Benævnte | named |
| Beregne | calculate |
| Bero | be, remain |
| Beroer | depends |
| Beskikket | appointed |
| Beskriven | description |
| Betaler | pay |
| Betaling | payment |
| Betalt | paid |
| Betegne | description |
| Betjente, Betiente | official |
| Betydeligt | significantly, considerably |
| Birchedomer, Birkedommer | birke judge |
| Blandt | among |
| Blev, blef | was, become |
| Blive, Blivet, Bliver | be, being, becoming, getting |
| Boede, Boet | lived |
| Boe | live, rside |
| Boelsmand | farmer |
| Boet | estate, the estate; also live, living |
| Bog | book |
| Bonde | farmer |
| Bondegaard | farmer |
| Bopæl | resident, residence |
| Bor | live, living, lives |
| Borgmester | Mayor |
| Bortdøde | deceased |
| Bortfalder | void, repeal |
| Bortsolgt | sold |
| Bouppteckning | probate |
| Brev | letter |
| Broder- brother | brother |
| Broderdatter | brother's daughter |
| Broderlod | brother's share |
| Brodersøn | brother's son |
| Brække | break |
| Brødre | brothers |
| By, bye | town, village |
| Børn | children |
| Børnebørn | grandchildren |
| Børnene | the children |
C[edit | edit source]
| Danish | English |
|---|---|
| Comite, kommite | committee |
| Come, komme | come |
| Curator | curator |
D[edit | edit source]
| Danish | English |
|---|---|
| Da | as, since, when |
| Danske | Danish |
| Darværende | former |
| Datter, Døttre | daughter, daughters |
| Datterdatter | daughter’s daughter, granddaughter |
| Dattersøn | daughter’s son |
| De | they, those, the |
| Deling, deeling | division, distribution |
| Derfor | therefore |
| Deg | you |
| Dend | it, that, the, other |
| Den | of, the, it, of the |
| Denne | this |
| Dennes | his, its, thereof, latter |
| Der | who, there, which, that |
| Dere | you |
| Derefter | after that, then, afterwards |
| Deres | theirs, yours, its |
| Deret | theirs, which, who, that |
| Derhjemme | at home |
| Deriblandt | including, among |
| Dermed | there by, thus |
| Dernæst | next |
| Dertil | there, thereof, therefore, thereto |
| Derudover | additional |
| Det | it, that |
| Dette | this |
| Did | you, yourself, there |
| Disse | these |
| Dit | your |
| Dog | however, though |
| Dokket | docked |
| Dom | sentence, judgement, verdict |
| Dommer | judge |
| Drager | porter, carrier |
| Dranker | drunkard |
| Dreng, dr. | male, boy |
| Drengebarn | male child |
| Dronning | queen |
| Død, Døden | death, the death |
| Dødsanmeldelse | death announcement |
| Dødsfald | death |
| Døtre | daughter |
E[edit | edit source]
| Danish | English |
|---|---|
| Eder | you |
| Edle | noble |
| Een | one |
| Efter | after, behind |
| Efterdi | because |
| Efterlade | leave |
| Efterlade sig en formue | leave a fortune |
| Efterladenskaber | remainder, the rest |
| Efterladte | survivors, remaining |
| Efterladende | left behind, surviving |
| Efterlefuende | surviving |
| Eftermelte | below mentioned |
| Efterretning | obedience |
| Eftersom | since, as |
| Eg, Ege, Egne, Egen, Eget | own, on one's own |
| Egenskab | capacity, property, attribute, characteristic |
| Egstra | see ekstra |
| Egteskab | marriage |
| Ei, Ej | not |
| Eje | own |
| Ejendom, Ejendele | property, posessions |
| Ejen | property |
| Ejer | owner |
| Ekstra | extra |
| Ekstradere | extract |
| Embede | office |
| En | the, a, an, one |
| End | than, end, over |
| Endelig | final, finally |
| Endvidere | also, furthermore |
| Enebarn | only child |
| Enes | agree |
| Enhver | each, everyone |
| Eniste | begotten |
| Enke | widow |
| Enkekone | widow |
| Enkemand | widower |
| Ensker | wishes, wants |
| Er, Ere | is, are, the, has, have |
| Erholde | assume, get, obtain, receive |
| Erhverv | profession, trade |
| Erhverver | acquire, gain |
| Erkendtlig | grateful |
| Erkend, Erkende | acknowledge, own, admit, recognize, realize |
| Erklære | declare, declaring, proclaim |
| Et | a, an, one |
F[edit | edit source]
| Danish | English |
|---|---|
| Faa | get, receive |
| Fadder | godfather, sponsor |
| Faaet | received, got, obtained |
| Fader | father |
| Faderne, Fadderne | godparents |
| Fallit | bankrupt, bankruptcy |
| Fandt, Fantes | found, was found |
| Far | father |
| Farbroder | father’s brother, uncle |
| Farfader | paternal grandfather |
| Farfar | grandfather |
| Far | father |
| Farmoder | grandmother, father’s mother |
| Farmor | grandmother, father’s mother |
| Faset | receive |
| Faste | real |
| Faster | aunt, father’s sister |
| Fastsætte | assign, appoint |
| Fat | got, hold, summarize, understand, comprehend |
| Fattes | lacking, wanting |
| Fellets | joint |
| Fik | get, receive |
| Fil | file |
| Findes | found |
| Firer | four |
| Foged | bailiff, marshall, official |
| Folgende | as follows, thus |
| Folio | page |
| For | in, for, in order, for the |
| For endelig skifte | for final probate |
| Foranførte | above mentioned |
| Foranmeldte | above reported, previously announced |
| Forat | to, in order to |
| Forandre, forandring | change, vary, shift, reverse |
| Foregaænde | earlier |
| Foregaaet | official announcement |
| Fordeling | distribution, allocation |
| Fordring | claim, debt, receivable |
| Fordre, fordrede | demand, require |
| Fordrukken | drunken |
| Forefandtes | were present |
| Foregaænde | earlier, previous, former |
| Foregaaet | occurred, took place |
| Forestage | make, do, perform |
| Foretagelse | making, performing |
| Foretage, foretagne | transact, perform, conduct, make, distribute |
| Fortagen | distribution |
| Foretager | makes, performs, carries out |
| Fortaget lovlig | transacted lawfully |
| Forevise | show |
| Forfald | absence |
| Forfaret | conduct |
| Forgået | occurred, took place |
| Forfeiglet | previous |
| Forhen, førhen | in the past, formerly |
| Forhentiltagne | previously appointed |
| Forkarlen | foreman |
| Forloveren | sponsors, bondsmen at marriage |
| Forladefoged | baliff of the manor |
| Formedelst | due to, because of |
| Formode | assuming, supposing |
| Formue | assets, property, wealth |
| Formynder | guardian |
| Fornyelig | recently, recently departed |
| Forordningen | regulation, statutes |
| Forpagter | tenant |
| Forpligte | oblige, commit |
| Forpligtelse | obligation, commitment |
| Forpligtet | committed, obliged |
| Forrentning | interest, return, rate |
| Forreste | front, foremost |
| Forresten | incidentally, by the way, anyway |
| Forrætte og afslutte | transact and conclude |
| Forretning | business, transaction, administration, proceeding |
| Forretning tilstede | present at the proceeding |
| Forretninger | transactions |
| Forretningen | business administration |
| Forrevist kjøb | bill of sale |
| Forrige | previous |
| Forsamle | meet, assemble, gather |
| Forsamlingen | meeting, assembly, gathering, committee |
| Forsegle | seal up |
| Forsende | seal up |
| Forsige | to say |
| Forskel | difference |
| Fortfare | conduct, carry out |
| Fortfarende | continually, ongoing |
| Fortforet | conducted |
| Fortil | before |
| Foruden | besides, in addition to |
| Forud | previous, prior |
| Forudgående | previous |
| Forudsiger | predicts |
| Forvalter | administrator, agent, manager, bailiff |
| Forvære | make worse |
| Forældre | parents |
| Forældreløs | orphan |
| Forældrene | the parents |
| Fosterbarn | foster child |
| Fosterbørn | foster children |
| Fosterdatter | foster daughter |
| Fostersøn | foster son |
| Fra | from |
| Fraværende | absent |
| Frembragt | reveal, disclose |
| Fremdeles, fremdeeles | further |
| Fremfor | before, above, beyond |
| Fremføre- | advance, forward |
| Fremfærd | conduct |
| Fremgang | proceed, progress |
| Fremlagt, fremlagde | submitted, presented, provided, produced |
| Fremme | to go forth |
| Fremsat | submitted, made, delivered, presented |
| Fremstille, Fremstillet | create, make, produce, present to be judged |
| Fremviste | presented, showed, displayed |
| Fri | free |
| Frille | mistress |
| Frue | Mrs., wife, lady, not a peasant women |
| Fruentimmer | unmarried mother |
| Frugtsommelig | pregnant |
| Frøken | miss, not a peasant girl |
| Fudt | completely |
| Fuldkommen | complete, perfect |
| Fuldkomns | fulfilled |
| Fuldmagt | proxy, power of attorney |
| Fuldmægtig, fuldmegtige | attorney, advocate, head clerk |
| Fulgt | followed |
| Fuldkommen | complete, perfect |
| Fælled, Fælles | common, mutual, joint |
| Fæstebonde | copyholder, leaseholder, farmer |
| Fæstegårdmand | copyholder, leaseholder, farmer |
| Fæste | copyhold, lease |
| Fæstebonde | a farm |
| Fæstemand | betrothed |
| Fæster | person who is leasing |
| Fæstprotokol | land lease |
| Fætter | cousin |
| Fødtes (Føde) værger | family guardian |
| Følge | as a result of) |
| Følger | as follows |
| Før die unmyndige vegen | in behalf of the minors |
| Før | before |
| Førhen | previously |
| Første | first |
| Får | gets, will, have |
| Fået | received, got |
G[edit | edit source]
| Danish | English |
|---|---|
| Gaardmand | farmer |
| Gammel | old |
| Garden | the farm |
| Gave | gift, present |
| Gavn | benefit |
| Gift, givt | married |
| Gik | went, walked, did, was, were |
| Gior | makes |
| Gjeld | debts |
| Gjort, Gjorde | made, done, been |
| Godfather | godfather |
| Gudfrygtige | godfearing |
| Gudmoder | godmother |
| Gæld, gjold, gjæld | debt, payables |
| Gå | go, walk, do |
| Gårdbruger, gaardbruger | farmer |
| Gårdejer, gaardejer | farm owner |
| Gaard | farm |
| Gårdfæster, gaardfæster | farm leaseholder, tenant |
| Gårdmand, gaardmand | farmer |
H[edit | edit source]
| Danish | English |
|---|---|
| H. | abbreviation for "hustrue"- wife |
| Halde | hold, maintain, keep, continue |
| Halvbrodre, Halvbroder | half brother |
| Halvdelen | half, a portion |
| Ham | he, his, him |
| Han | he, his, him |
| Hannen | male, him |
| Hans | his |
| Har | has, have |
| Hartkorn | unit of land valuation |
| Havde | had |
| Have | have, be |
| Havender | debtors |
| Heder | honor |
| Hederlige | honorable |
| Hederlige och wellærde | honorable and well-learned |
| Helbroder | whole brother |
| Hele | all, entire |
| Hellere | rather, better, prefer |
| Hellig | holy |
| Hende, Hendes | her, hers |
| Henhold | according, accordance with, belong to |
| Henhøre til | refer to |
| Hensidde | live, exist |
| Hensyn | respect, regard |
| Her | here |
| Heraf | of this, thereof, these, which |
| Herom | accordingly, thereof, thereon |
| Herremand | lord of the manor |
| Herrets ting | district court |
| Herskerinde | mistress |
| Hidtil | previously, up until now |
| Hjemme, Hiemme | at home |
| Hjemmedødt | home christening, home baptism |
| Hmd, Hm. (abbreviation for Husmand) | cottager |
| Holde | hold, holding, keep, keeping, stay, staying |
| Holden | keeping, stopping; also rich, prosperous |
| Holdelse | proceeding |
| Holdte | held |
| Hor | adultery, fornication |
| Hos | at, with, in, by, from |
| Hovedperson | head of house |
| Hr. | Mr. |
| Hun | she |
| Hus, Huus | house |
| Husbonde | husband, head of house |
| Husejer | owner of house |
| Husfader | head of house |
| Husfolk | small farmers |
| Husholderske | housekeeper |
| Husmand med jord | farmer with land |
| Husmand | cottager, small farmer |
| Husmoder, huusmoder | wife, homemaker |
| Hustrue, hustru, kone | hustru, kone-wife |
| Huus afgift | rent |
| Hvad | what |
| Hvem | who |
| Hver, hvert | every |
| Hvidebøger | "white books" or a record of those deceased in Copenhagen who did not have an official probate |
| Hvilke, hvilken, hvilket | which, what, this |
| Hvil | rest |
| Hvor | where, which, when, how, there |
| Hvorefter | whereafter, then |
| Hvornaar | when is, when will, when does, where once, where when |
| Hvorved | wherewith |
| Hvortil | plus, in additon, which should be added |
| Høj Ædle, Højædle | noble, high |
I[edit | edit source]
| Danish | English |
|---|---|
| I | in, of, the, at, you |
| I dag | today |
| Iagttage | watch, observe |
| Iberegne | include |
| Idet | as, because, with, since, taking |
| Ifald | if, in case |
| Ifolge, Ifølge | according, according to |
| Ikke | not |
| Imellem | between |
| Imod | against, accepted, opposed |
| Inderste | tenant, renter |
| Indfandt- materialize | appeared, met |
| Indgaa | conclude |
| Indgaaet | entered into, concluded, reached, received |
| Indlæg | contribution, pleading, plea, letter, article, speech, submission, observation |
| Inddrage | include, involve |
| Indfandt- materialize | materialize |
| Indsidder | tenant, renter |
| Indtage | take, adopt |
| Indtægt | income, revenue, proceeds |
| Ingen | no, not, none |
| Interesse | interest |
| Intet | no, nothing |
| Intægt | asset, income |
J[edit | edit source]
Jeg- I
Jer- you, yourselves
Jeres- your, yours
Jomfru- maiden, miss, not a peasant girl, virgin
Jord(e)- earth, land, property
Jordlig- earthly
Jordseddel- certificate from the probate authority to the deceased's priest, verifying that they had recorded the death. The priest was then allowed to bury the dead.
K[edit | edit source]
Karl- young man, farmhand
Kendelse- decision, judgement, verdict, order, ruling
Kidre- dear
Kiste- coffin
Kl., Kng., Kong.(abbreviation for Kongelig) - Royal, government
Kongelig- royal
Kom- come
Kommer- come, coming, comes
Kommis- commission, commissioner
Kommitterede- nominee, commissioner
Kommunemand- city official
Kone- wife, married woman
Kongelige (Kl.)- Royal, government
Kontorbetjent- office clerk
Kontorchef- head of office staff
Kontormedhjælper- office clerk
Kost, Kostet- cost, the cost
Kravede- required
Kun- just, only, only the
Kunde- could, might, would; also client, patron
Kundskab- knowledge
Kundgjørelse- announcement, notification
Kusine- cousin
Kvinde, Qvinde- woman
Kvindefadder, Qvindefadder- godmother
Kvindemenneske- woman
Køb, Kjøb- purchase
L[edit | edit source]
Lagte- pay
Landarbejder- farm worker
Landbo- farmer renter
Landbruger- farmer
Laugværge- widow's guardian, chosen by her and usually her brother
Lærte hederlige- learned and honorable
Lejer- tenant
Lensmanden- the constable
Leve- live
Levende- living
Leveret- suppied, delivered, provided
Lig- equal, similar to
Ligel- ditto
Ligeledes- likewise, also, equally
Ligesom- like, somewhat, as
Ligkiste- coffin
Likvidere- liquidate
Livsarvinger- living heirs
Lod- lot, share
Logerende- tenant, lodger
Lov- law
Lovlig- legal
Lyder saaledes- reads thus
Løbende- current, continuous, standing
Løse- resolve, solve
M[edit | edit source]
m.f.P. (abbreviation of “med ført Pen")- with guided pen. Usually appears under the signatures of those who could not write.
m.p.P. (abbreviation of “med påholden Pen”)- with guided pen (see m.f.P.)
M.V., (abbrev. of med videre)- continued, forward
Maa- must, may, should, shall, must be
Madmoder- woman of the house, housewife
Magistrat/Magistrate- justice for the peace
Magistrats Gods- magistrate’s estate
Maitresse- mistress
Maj- May
Maj., Majestæts- majesty
Man- man, husband, one, you, it
Mand- man, men
Manden- the man
Mandfadder- godfather
Mandkjøn- male
Med- with, by, of, the
Medmindre- unless
Meere, Mere- more, further
Mellem- between
Men- but
Mere- more
Middel- medium, average, part
Mindreårige- minors
Moder, Mor- mother
Moderens- the mother
Modt- appeared, met, was present
Modtagen- receive
Mor, Moder- mother
Morbroder- mother’s brother, uncle
Morfader, morfar- mother’s father, grandfather
Mormoder, mormor- mother’s mother, grandmother
Mortis (Latin)- death
Moster- aunt, mother’s sister
Mostermand- mother’s sister’s husband
Muldseddel- see Jordseddel
Myndig- of legal age. The age varied throughout Denmark, but on average 15-18 years (considered mindreårige 18-25 years) for men. Women were never recognized as “of age” until 1857, and always had a guardian appointed to them. After 1857, the “of age” age for single women was the same as men. In 1922, everyone was considered “of age” when they turned 21 years old, and today the age is 18.
Mænd- men
Mændenes- the men, appraisers
Møde- meeting, appointment
Mødte, Mødt- met, met with, present, in attendance
Mø- maiden, virgin
Må or Maa- do, be, must, may, should
Maad- goal, way, means
Maanad- month
N[edit | edit source]
Naar- where, when
Nafnlig- namely
Namful- namely
Nati, Natiuitas (Latin)- birth
Navnlig- namely
Navnet- name, the name
Nemlig- namely
Navn- name
Nedlagt- closed, asks, seeks, claims
Nej- no
Nevø- nephew
Niece- niece
Noch- also
Nogen- any
Nogen tid siden- sometime before
Noget- something, anything
Nok- enough
Nu- now
Nutid- present
Nuværende- current, present, existing
Nyfder ophold- of age (legal)
Ny, Nyt- new
Næmlig, namely- namely, that is
Næringsvei- occupation
Næst- next
Nærværende- present
Når- when, where
O[edit | edit source]
O.S.V.-etc.
Odel- freehold land
Ofververends- attending
Og, Oc, Och- and
Ogfolder- live
Ogsaa, Også- also
Oktober- October
Oldefader- great-grandfather
Oldemoder- great-grandmother
Om- about, in, on
Omkostninger- expenses, costs
Opdrætte- breed
Opfostringshus- orphanage
Oplaest- announced, read, spoken
Opgiven- stated, studied
Opgjort- calculate, estimate
Opholde sig- reside, stay
Opholder- living, staying
Opholdsted- place of residence
Opløbe- finish
Opmærksom- attentive, mindful, aware
Oplysninger- information, data, details
Ordre- order
Ovenmeldte- above reported
Ovenævnte- above mentioned, aforementioned
Overformynderi- trustee (someone who needs a guardian)
Overformynderiet- Guardianship records
Overførende- transferring
Overrække- present, give
Overskydende- excess
Overstige- exceed
Overværelse- presence, attendance
Overværends- attending
P[edit | edit source]
p., post- after
Paa- on, at, in
Paa grund- because
Paa stedet- at this place
Paahvileds, Paahvile- rest with, lie with, be due from, chargeable to
Paalagt- order, put on, entrusted
Paaløbende- accrued, incidental
Pante- mortgage
Passere- pass
Pastorat- parish
Penge- money
Personerne- the people
Pige- girl, maid, servant
Pigebarn- girl child
Pigen- the maid, that girl
Plasmand- cottager
Plejebarn- foster child
Plejebørn- foster children
Plejeforældre- foster parents
Plejemoder- foster mother
Plejesøn- foster son
Protocol, Protokol- ledger, journal
Pligtmand- tenant
Proprietær- farmer (large)
Provst- rural dean
Provsti- deanery
Provstinde- deans wife
Præst, præsten- priest, the priest, clergyman, minister
Præstegield- clerical district
Pulitiaduakat- district attorney
Pådømmelse- trial, judgment
Påhvileds, Påhvile- rest with, lie with, be due from, chargeable to
Påløbende- accrued, incidental
Påstod- claimed
Q[edit | edit source]
Qua (Latin)- which, where, what, see, that
Qvinde, Qvinden, Kvinde- woman, the woman
Qvindekiøn, Kvindekøn- female gender
Qvindemenneske- women
R[edit | edit source]
Raadhusskriver- town hall clerk scribe
Raadlighed- command, disposal, available, provided
Raadmand, Rådmand- councilman, alderman
Rd(l). (abbreviation for Rigsdaler)- a former Danish monetary unit.
Realiserede- realized, achieved, actual, recorded
Realisation- realization
Registrerede- registered
Registering- inventory, registration
Registrering og Vurdering- inventory and appraisal
Renter- interest
Resten- the rest
Resterende- balance, remainder
Resultat- result, profit, earnings
Retlige- legal, the legal, justice
Retsformand- persiding judge
Retten- court
Ridefoged- bailiff
Rigtighed- accuracy, correctness, truthfulness
Rime- agree
Rimelig- reasonable, fair, fair price
Rodemester- tax collector
Rådlighed- command, disposal, available, provided
Rådmand, Raadmand- councilman, alderman
S[edit | edit source]
Saa- so, as, indeed, that, in behalf, then, such, saw, since
Saadan- such
Saaledes- namely, for instance, such as, thus, as follows
Saavel- both
Sabbat- Sabbath
Sagen- proceedings
Sagfører- lawyer
Sal., Salig, Salige- deceased
Samling- meeting
Sammen- together or same
Sammenaulede-begotten
Sammenauled-together beget
Sammen avlede- together begotten
Sammenleje- living together
Sammenviede- married together
Sammestads- same place
Samt- as well, well as
Samtikke, samtykke- consent, agree
Samtlige- all
Sandsynligt- probable, likely
Sedler- banknotes, bills
Sees- seeing, seen, is seen
Seigneur-Mr or Sir-willborn/ honourable
Self tilhøre- self-owned
Selvejer- owner, freeholder
Set- viewed, seen
Sidste- last
Sig- him, her, it's, them, himself, herself, themselves, at, to, out, the
Sige god- say good (vouch)
Signor (French)- Mr.
Sin, Sine- its, his, her, there
Sind- mind
Sit- its, his, her
Skabe- create, generate, provide, also cabinets
Sin- his, hers
Skal- do, must, to be, should
Skatteopkræver- tax debt, tax charges
Skeed- given
Skeedte- occurred
Skete, Skeed- happened, occurred, did
Skifte- probate
Skifte forretning- probate proceeding
Skiftes foretagelse- probate execution
Skiftes holdelse- probate proceeding
Skifte og Deeling- probate and distribution
Skifteforvalter- probate administrator, probate agent
Skifteomkostningerne- probate costs
Skifteprotokoller- probate records
Skifteretten- probate court
Skiftesamling- probate meeting of heirs
Skifter handling- settlement
Skiftet- the probate
Skilde- separate
Skjønt- though
Skilling- monetary unit
Skrivelse- letter
Skriver- scribe, clerk
Skriverstue- writing room, office
Skulde- should, would, might
Skylde- owe
Skøn- estimate, assessment
Sl.,sal.,-deceased
Slagfreds- illegitimate
Slagfredsdatter- illegitimate daughter
Slagfredssøn- illegitimate son
Slutte- finish, end, conclude
Slægt- family, relatives
Små- small
Sognebarn- parishioner
Sognefoged- sheriff, constable
Solgt- sold
Som- as, since, who, which, as, whom, that
Soskendebarn- niece, nephew
Spurgte- inquired, asked
Spædbarn- infant, baby
S(igno)r- Mister
Stads- city
Stadboende- city residents
Stedbarn- stepchild
Stedbørn- stepchildren
Steddatter- step daughter
Stedfader- step father
Stedmoder- step mother
Stedsøn- step son
Stervbo, Sterfboen- estate, inventory of the deceased
Stifbarn- stepchild
Stifbørn- stepchildren
Stift, Stiftet- diocese, the diocese
Stue- ground, room, living room
Stærboet- same place, place where deceased lived
Stævningsmand- baliff sheriff
Sur- confused
Svigerdatter- daughter-in-law
Svigerfader- father-in-law
Svigerinde- sister-in-law
Svigermoder- mother-in-law
Svigersøn-son-in-law
Svoger- brother-in-law
Svogerske- sister-in-law
Sødskende(s)- siblings, sisters
Søn, Sønnen- son, the son
Sønnedatter- son’s daughter
Sønnekone- son’s wife
Sønnen- the son
Sønnerne- the sons
Sønnesøn- son’s son
Søskende- siblings
Søskendebarn- cousins
Søskendefætter- first cousin
Søster- sister
Så- so, as, indeed, that, in behalf, then, such, saw, since
Sådan- such, how, to, this
Således- namely, for instance, such as, thus, as follows
Såvel- both
T[edit | edit source]
Tagelse- making, admission, aquisition, exemption
Tager- takes, taking, out, are, does
Taksere- appraise
Tarv- best interests
Tarveligt- simple, poor, shoddy, menial, frugally
Testes- witnesses
Tidligere- previously, past
Tiener, tjener, tjeneste- servant
Til- to, for
Tilbud- offer, proposition
Tilbød- offered
Tidligere- previously, past, earlier
Tidligt- early, premature, soon
Tilgodehavender- receivables
Tilhører- belonging to
Tilhørende- belonging, matching, related
Tilkendegive- declare, indicate, express, show, inform
Tillade- allow, permit, let
Tillidsmænd- trustees, representatives
Tilladelse- permission
Tillige- also, along with, in addition, together
Tilligemed- together, preceded by, also
Tillynsing- announcement, posting
Tilspurgte- inquired, asked
Tilstand- condition, state, status
Tilstede, til stede- present, in attendance; also permit, grant, allow
Tilstedeværende- present
Tilstillede- sent, appointed, given
Tilstaa- testify, swear, confirm, acknowledge
Tilstaaelse- confession, admission, acknowledgement
Tilsvar- chargable amount
Tilsvarende- corresponding, equivalent, similar, comparable; also liable, responsible for
Tilsværge- swear
Tilsynsværge- legal guardian
Tiltage- increase, grow
Tiltale- prosecute, charge, address, speak to
Ting- court
Tingmanden- court officer
Tjenende- serving
Tjener, tiener- serve
Troloved, trolovet- engaged
Trykt- printed
Tømmer- timber
Tømrer- carpentry
U[edit | edit source]
Ubetydelig- insignificant
Udbetal, udbetaling- cash, cash out, withdraw, payment
Udgang- end, exit, output
Udelt- undivided, entirely
Uden- without
Ude- out, away
Uden- without
Udflytning- moving out
Udgift- expense, cost
Udi- in, at, of, from
Udlagt- laid out, reported
Udlæg- costs, outlay, expenses
Udnævnte-appointed
Udskifteligt- replacable, removable, interchangable
Udøbt- unbaptized
Uge- week
Uger- weeks
Ugift- unmarried
Umage, Umagelig- effort, pains, uncomfortable
Umindelig- as far as can be remembered, immemorial
Umulig, Umuligt- impossible
Umyndig- underage, minor
Umyndiges vegne- minors behalf
Umådelig- extremely, immensely
Unde- underage; also give, wish, grant
Under- under
Underrets dommer- court judge-lower
Underrretssay Fører- court judge lower
Underskrevet- undersigned
Underskrevne- signed
Undertegnede- the undersigned
Undgaas- avoided
Undladt, Undlod- failed, omited, left undone
Undtagen- except
Ungk., Ungkarl- bachelor
Ugift- unmarried
Ung- young
Uskiftet bo (boe)- unprobated estate, undivided estate
Utlagt, udladt- announced, reported
Uægte- illegitimate
V and W[edit | edit source]
Vanvittig- retarded
Var, Varnede, Værende, Været- was, were, being, been
Ved- at or by
Vedbørlig- legal
Ved Døden er afgaaet- with death has departed, who died
Vederlag- compensation, renumeration, proceeds
Vedgå- admit, own, acknowledge
Vedkomme, Vedkommende- person concerned
Vegne, Wegen- behalf
Velædle- noble
Velbegavet- well endowed
Vel som- well as (saa vel som- as well as), unable
Velbe., Vel begavet- well endowed
Velbyrdige, Vel byrdige- noble lineage
Vellærde- well educated
Vid- wide, extensive, open; also wit
Vide- know
Videre- further, forward, continue
Vidner- witnesses
Vidste- did, knew, know, did not know
Vil, Vilde- shall, would, want, will
Villig- willing, prepared, ready
Vis- show, certain, view, some, degree
Vitterlig- known
Vitterlighedsmænd- witnesses, notaries, attestors
Vor- our
Vurder- rate, assess, evaluate
Vurdere- to value, price, appraise
Vurderet, Vurderede- assessed, appraised
Vurdering- appraisal, evaluation, estimation
Vurderingsmand- appraiser
Vurderingsmænd- appraisers
Værd- worth, value
Være- be, have, to be, to
Værende umlyndige- being minors
Værende- living
Været- been
Værge- guardian, typically the father’s eldest brother (if the father had died), or the father himself (if the mother had died). By law, the guardian must be from the father’s side unless there were no living male relatives of the father.
Y[edit | edit source]
Yderligere- additonal, more
Ydre- outer
Ygste- youngest
Ytre- utter, express, speak
Æ[edit | edit source]
Ægte- real, true, authentic, legitimate
Ægteskab- marriage
Ældste- oldest
Æta (Latin)- age
Ætas (Latin)- age, days, time, period
Ø[edit | edit source]
Øge- increase
Ønsker- do, want, wish, need
Øvrige- other, additional, remaining
Å[edit | edit source]
År- year
Word List of Household and Farm Items Often Listed in Probates
[edit | edit source]
A
aag, åg- shoulder yoke for carrying buckets
arbejdsvogn- wagon
B
bagetrug- bakers trough for kneading dough
baller, baljer, ballie, balge med jernbånd- wooden tub with iron bands
band- bands
baandknif, båndkniv- small chopping knife
becken, bækken- pan containing hot coals to heat the bed
beester- beasts
bench- bench
beholder- container
benklæder, beenklæder- trousers
beslag- brackets, hardware
beslagen vogn- wagon with metal brackets, not entirely of wood
besætningen- herd
bilægerkakkelovn- stove
bismer- small portable scale
blaa, blå- blue
blaargarns, blårgarns- wool or linen cloth
blaastribed- blue striped
blick, blech lygte- small portable tin lamp
boghylde- bookshelf
bor- auger
bord- table
bornholmer- grandfather clock
bryggerkedel- brewing kettle
bryggkar, bryggekar- brewing vat
brystdug- vest
brændevin- alcohol
bukser, buxer- trousers
bulle, bol- a short top for women
bul øxe, buløkse- forest ax
bænk- bench
bæster- beasts
båbdknif- small chopping knife
C
carter- cards for carding wool
D
degntrug- wooden trough for bread kneading
dragkiste- chest of drawers
drejels, dreeils- hinge, pivot
driftetrug, drøftetrug- low, open basket with handle which was used for cleaning grain
dug- cloth, tablecloth
dyne- quilt, duvet
dørslag- colander
dørslag- colander
E
ege, eege- oak
egebord- oak table
egedragkiste- oak chest
egekar oak vat
egeskrin- keepsake box, sometimes with a lock
degntrug- wooden trough for bread kneading
dragkiste- chest
drægtig- pregnant (livestock)
drejels, dreeils- finer type fabric
drifte trug, drøfte trug- grain cleaning trough
dug- cloth, tablecloth
dyne- quilt, duvet
F
faar- sheep
filtes- felted, made of felt
fierding- a tub that can hold 25 kg
fleske olle- meat brining vat
forklæde- apron
fyrre- pine
fyrrebord- pine desk
føl, følle- foal
får- sheep
får med grøde- pregnant sheep
G
garvinde- yarn reel
gestlinge- goslings
giæs- geese
giæs med grøde- geese with goslings
glas- glass
graa, grå- gray
gravspade, grevespade- grave spade
greeb, greb- grip, lever, handle
grise, grisse- pigsgryde- piglets
gryde- pot
gul- yellow
grøn- green
grøde- pregnant or with eggs (livestock)
gæs, giæs- geese
gæslinger, geslinge- goslings
H
haand qvern, håndkværn- hand mill, often used to grind malt for beer brewing
haandøxe, håndøkse- hand ax
haankattunsklæder, håndklæder-towels
hakkebret, hakkebræt- chopping board
halskobbel, halskoppel- horse harness
halstørklæde- scarf or muffler
hampe- hemp
hand qvern- hand mill
haspe- type of yarn winder
hat- hat
hauger, haver- removable wagon sides
hempharve, harver- harrow or cultivator
hengeskab- hanging cupboard
hest, hæst - horse
hestføl- very young foal
hestplag- colt
himmelseng- poster bed
hingst- stallion
hingsteføl- very young foal
hjørneskab- corner cabinet
hoppe- mare
hose- hose, knitted long stockings
hoveddyne- pillow
hovedpude, hoved pude- pillow
hue- cap
huge block, huggeblok- chopping block
hvergarns- linsey-woolsey
hvid- white
hæst, hest- horse
høelee, høle- scythe
hør- linen
hørlærritz, hørlærred- made of linen
håndklæder-towels
håndkværn, haand qvern- hand mill, often used to grind malt for beer brewing
I
ildtag- fire poker
J
jakke- jacket
jern- iron, stove
jernbilæggerkakkelovn- stove
jernbaand, jernbånd- iron bands
jernbismer- small portable scale made of iron
jerngryde- iron pot
jernpande- iron pan
jern vægge- iron wedge for wood splitting, etc.
K
kaabe- cloak
kaaber- copper
kaarsklæder- light, usually fitted, scarf to put over a woman's hat
kakkelovn- stove
kalfve, kalve- calf
kande- jug
kappe- cloak
kar- vessel, vat
karter- wool carders, a flat brush for straightening wool strands before spinning them into yarn
karstol- three-legged stool or stand for holding vats and tubs
kasket- cap
kartuns, kattuns- made of cotton
keddle, kiedel- kettle
kedelkrog, kedelskrog, kjedelskrog- kettle hook
kierne- churn
kiol- mens formal jacket
kiør- cows
kjedelskrog- kettle hook
kjole- men's formal jacket
kjole og hvidt- women's formal dress
kiste- chest
klæde kiste- dress chest
klæde skab- wardrobe, upright clothes chest
knapper- buttons
kniplinger- lace
kniv- knife
koe, ko- cow
komfur- stove
konvolut- cap
kopper- copper
kornharpe- type of upright sieve machine for cleaning grain
krave- collar
krukke- crock
kuvert- hat
krave- cows
krus- pottery mug
kvern- mill
kvie, qvie- heifer
kviekalve- heifer calf
kvæg, qveeg- cattle
kærne- churn
køer- cows
kørekappe- driving jacket, cloak, or cap
kåbe- cloak
L
lagen- sheet
lam, lamb- lamb
lehnestoel, lænestol- armchairs
ler- clay
leerfad, lerfad- pottery dish, plate, cup, etc.
lin, liin- linen
lyddæmper- muffler
lysesaks, lyse sax- candle snuffer with a scissor-like hinge
læder- leather
lædersele- leather harness for a horse
lænestol, lehnestoel- armchairs
løgte- lamp
M
madskab- wooden upright food pantry
mangle fiel og stok- clothes press that used a wooden roller
manglebrædt og stok- clothes press that used a wooden roller
malkekande, mælkekande- milk jug
malet- painted
messing- brass
messingbækken- brass pan which held hot coals to heat the bed
meye or meje jern, mejetøj, mejered- iron tool for harvesting corn
morter- mortar (for use with pestle for grinding)
møbler- furniture
mønstrede- patterned
N
nattrøye- night shirt
naur- auger
nederdel- skirt
O
okse- ox
olmerdug, ulmerdug- striped fabric made in Olmer, Germany
olle- oil
otting- container that held an exact measurement of 12.5 kg
overdyne- duvet cover
ovn- stove
P
pande- pan
papir- paper
penge- cash
peber qvern, peverkværn- pepper mill
plag- colt
plove- plow
plove med behor- plow with accessories
porcellæn- porcelain
prykket- dotted
pude, puude- pillow
pudevår- pillowcases
pynteærmer- interchangable dress sleeves
pyntetørklæde- decorative scarf
pyramide- pyramid-shaped shelf
Q
qveeg, kvæg- cattle
qvern- mill
qvie, kvie- heifer
qvie kalfe- heifer calf
R
rede penge- ready cash
redskaber- tools
rist- 3-legged grill rack
riveiern, rivegern- grater
rok- spinning wheel
rød- red
S
saks, sax- scissors
saltkar- small salt container
selde- flat straw basket for sifting flour
seletøj- harness for a horse
seng- bed
sengested- bedstead
serker, særke- petticoat
siebøtte- wooden bowl with a cloth in the bottom for straining milk
sigte- sieve
sikar- wooden bowl with a cloth in the bottom for straining milk
sjal- shawl
skab- cabinet
ske, skeer- spoon, spoons
skieppe, skæppe- 20-liter container
skind- skins, pelts, or leather
skindbuxor- buckskin pants
skiorte, skjorte- shirt
skiær, skære bænk- cutting bench, workbench
skiære kiiste, skærekiste- "cutting chest", or chest holding mounted tools which were used for cutting animal feed
skielderier, skilderier- painting or photgraph
sko, skoe- shoes
skære (skiær) bænk og kniv- cutting table and knife
skørt, skiordt- skirt
slagbenk, slagbænk- daybed, bench
sliibe steen, slibesten- grindstones
slæde- sled
småsvin- piglets
sold- sieve or screen
spade- spade or shovel
spand- bucket
spejl- mirror
spinderok- spinning wheel
spisebord- dining table
spender, spænder- buckles
spæde kalve- infant calf
stager- candlesticks, usually with a stand
standtønder- food storage barrels
stander seng- floor bed
steen kruuse med laag- tea mug with lid
stegepande- frying pan
stettins tallerken- tin-enameled plate
stie, stige- laddar
stol, stoele, stole- chair, chairs
stort- large, high
stribet- striped
strippe- wooden scoop
strygejern- an iron
strømber, strømper- stockings
stud kalv, studekalv- steer calf
studlinge- steer calf
stueur, stueuhr- clock
støvler- boots
sviin, svin- pigs
sæde- seat
T
tabel- table
taburet, taberet- stool
taft- taffeta
tallerkne, tallerken- plate
tavle- table
tel økse, tælleøkse- small ax with a broad blade and a shaft that bent slightly outward
tengsel- small ax for hollowing out wood
ternet- checkered
thepotte- teapot
tilbehør- attachments, accessories
tin- tin or pewter
tinkrus, tinkruus- tin cup
tintalerkener- tin or pewter plate
tragt- funnel
trefoder- tripod for placing cookware over a fire
tromle- barrel or drum
trug- trough
træ- wooden
træbismer- small portable wooden scale
trækar- wooden container
træskoe, træsko- wooden shoes
træhaver, træe haver- wooden extensions for wagon sides
trøje- sweater
tækkelad- a kind of wide ladder which can be hung below the roof thatching
tøj- clothes
tønde- barrel
tørklæde- head scarf
tørvespade- peat spade
U
ulmerdug, olmerdug- striped fabric made in Olmer, Germany
underkjole- petticoat
underdyne- type of quilt where a person lies on one side and covers themselves with the other side
ungsvin- young pig
V
vaar, vår- pillowcases
vadmel- homespun
vandspand- water bucket
vanter- mittens
vest- vest
vin- wine
vindovn- stove with combustion door facing the living room
vogn- wagon
vraaskab- corner cabinet
vugge- crib
væder, vædder- ram
vægge- wedge
Æ
ærmer- loose, dressy sleeves which were interchangable with different vests
Ø
øl, ølle- ale, beer
ølflaske- beer bottle
øl kande, ølkande- beer jug or pitcher
øltragt, ølle tragt- funnel for pouring beer into bottles
øreballie, ørebalje- wooden tub with ear-shaped handles
øxe, økse- ax
Websites[edit | edit source]
- 1674 - 1851 - Denmark, Probate Indexes, 1674-1851 at FamilySearch — index and images
- Mary's Genealogy Treasures - Denmark
- Faester og Skifter - Fights and Shifts
- Aurelia-Clemons Genealogy Research - Probate extractions for many areas of Denmark - complete film done, NOT just those related to me, a given surname or area. Also a guide to finding parishes within estate jurisdictions on Sjaelland.
- Probate extractions ('skifteuddrag') for some estates, hundreds, and larger cities in Jutland, as well as probates for members of the clergy for the whole country. In Danish only.
- Stedregister til Nørrejyske Godsarkiver A guide to finding parishes within estate jurisdictions in Jutland (except Southern Jutland). In Danish only.
- Probate extractions from the registers of estate jurisdictions in Vendsyssel (north of Limfjorden) 1707-1851. You can view all names listed in an estate, or search for a specific name. In Danish only.
- Probate extractions from estate jurisdictions in Northern Jutland. In Danish only.
- Search engine for probates in Denmark. In Danish only.
- Death certificates in Denmark until 1940
- Probate records
- Denmark Probate Records In Danish only.