Norwegian Genealogical Word List
This Norwegian Word List contains Norwegian words with their English translations. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a Norwegian-English dictionary. (See the "Additional Resources" section below.)
Norwegian is a Germanic language like Swedish, Danish, and Icelandic. There are two official dialects in Norway. Prior to 1915 most Norwegian records are in a language closer to written Danish than to modern Norwegian. You may also want to refer to the Danish Genealogical Word List.
Records published after 1915, such as family and local histories, are in modern Norwegian. Most differences between modern and old Norwegian are simply a matter of spelling. Carefully study the section below on spelling. This will help you find the words in this list.
LANGUAGE CHARACTERISTICS[edit | edit source]
Variant Forms of Words
In Norwegian, as in English, the forms of some words will vary according to how they are used in a sentence. Who—whose—whom or marry—marries— married are examples of words in English with variant forms. The endings of a word in a document may differ from those in this list. For example:
| Mann | man | Kone | wife |
| Mannen | the man | Kona | the wife |
| Menn | men | Koner | wives |
| Mennene | the men | Konene | the wives |
Alphabetical Order[edit | edit source]
Written Norwegian has three letters not found in the English alphabet: Æ (æ), Ø (ø), and Å (å). In most record sources prior to 1915, Å (å) is written as Aa (aa) and filed at the beginning of the alphabet. Modern Norwegian dictionaries, indexes, the Locality section of the Family History Library Catalog, and this word list use the following alphabetical order:
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z æ ø å
A through C[edit | edit source]
absolvere to give absolution
adel nobility
adelig noble
adelsmann nobleman
adoptert adopted
adresse address
aften evening
alder age
alderdomssvakhet weakness of old age
aldri never
alle all
alltid always
almisse charity
almisselem indigent, poor
altergang communion
amt county
amtmann chief county administrator
andre others, other, next
anetavle pedigree chart
anfall seizure, attack
anførte entered, mentioned
ankomst arrival
anmerkning remark, notice, note
annen, annet second, another
annen gang second time
anno (Latin) year
annonsere publish, announce
antall number, count
april April
arbeider laborer
arkiv archive
arv inheritance
arvelodd share of inheritance
arving heir
astma asthma
at that
atten eighteen
attende eighteenth
attest certificate
august August
av of, at, by, from
avdeling part, division
avdød deceased
avgangen departed
avgift duty (monetary), fee
avkom offspring, issue
avtale agreement
B
bakbygning back building (additional residence behind the main building)
baker baker
bakke hill
bannlyse excommunicate
baptist Baptist
bar carried
bar barnet held child (at baptism font)
bare only
barn child
barna children
barndom childhood
barnebarn grandchild
barnedåp child baptism
barnefar child’s father
barnløs childless
barsel birth
barselfeber childbed fever
barselseng birthing bed
be pray, request
beboer occupant, resident
bededag prayer day
bedrive hor commit adultery
befolkning population, people
begge both
begivenhet event, occurrence
begravelse funeral, burial
begravet buried
behandle handle, treat, manage
bemerkning remark
ben leg, bone
benekte deny
benåde pardon
beruset drunk
besetning livestock, crew
beskrivelse description
beslektet related
bestefar grandfather
besteforeldre grandparents
bestemor grandmother
besvangre impregnate, get with child, make pregnant
betale pay
betler beggar
bevilge grant
bevis proof
bibliotek library
bind volume (book)
biografi biography
biskop bishop
bispedømme diocese
bli become
blikkenslager tinsmith
blind blind
blod blood
blodgang dysentery
blodskam incest
blodsott abnormal loss of blood during illness
bo to live at
bodde lived
bok book
bokhandler bookseller
bokholder, bokfører bookkeeper
bokstav letter, character
bolig residence, house
bonde farmer
bopel residence, domicile
borger citizen
borgermester mayor
borgerskap citizenship
bot fine, penalty
brann fire
brennevinsbrenner distiller of spirits
brev letter (correspondence)
bro bridge
bror brother
brordatter brother’s daughter
brorsønn brother’s son
brud bride
brudgom bridegroom
bruk farm, use
brygger brewer
bryllup wedding
budeie milkmaid
buskap livestock, crew
by town, city
bygd small country community, village
bygdebok rural chronicles
bygsel lease
byll abscess
byllepest plague (bubonic)
bære carry
bøkker cooper, barrel maker
både both, either
båret carried
båt boat, ship
båtbygger shipbuilder
båtsmann boatswain, bosun
C
cirka approximately
communion Communion
confirmerede confirmed
copulerede marriage
D through F[edit | edit source]
dag day
dagen før the previous day
dagsarbeider day laborer
dal valley
Danmark Denmark
dannekvinde gentlewoman
dannemand gentleman
dansk Danish
dato date (noun)
datter daughter
datterdatter daughter’s daughter
dattersønn daughter’s son
datum (Latin) date
dele to divide, to share
dem them, they
den the, it, that
denne this
der there
deres their
derfor therefore
desember December
det it, that, the
difteri diphtheria
din your
disse these
diverse various
dokument document
domkirke cathedral
dommer judge
dragon dragoon, light cavalryman
dreng boy
drengebarn male child
drepe kill
dronning queen
druknet drowned
dydig virtuous
dø to die
døbt(e) christening
død dead, death
døde died, death
dødfødt stillborn
dødsfall death
døgn 24-hour period of time
døpt baptized, christened
døtre daughters
døv deaf
døvstum deaf and dumb
dåp baptism
dåpsattest certificate of baptism
dåpsdag day of baptism
E
efter after
efterkommer descendant
efterlatte surviving, survivors
efterlevende surviving
eftermiddag afternoon
efternavn surname, last name
egen own
egentlig actual
egteviede marriage
eie, eje to own
eiendom property, real estate
ekte legitimate, to marry
ektefelle spouse
ektemann husband
ektepar married couple
ekteskap marriage
ekteskapelig marital, conjugal
ekteviet married
eldre older
eldst oldest, eldest
elev student
eller or, or else
elleve eleven
ellevte eleventh
elv river, stream
embete public office
embetsmann public official
emigrant emigrant
emigrere emigrate
en, et a, one
enebarn only child
engelsk English
England England
enhver each
enke widow
enkemann widower
enkestand widowed
ennu yet, still
epilepsi epilepsy
er is, are
erhverv livelihood
erkjenne acknowledge
et a, one
etasje floor, story
etc. (Latin) et cetera, and so on
etternavn surname, last
evne intelligence
F
fabrikk factory
faddere christening witnesses, godparents
fallesyke epilepsy
falt fall, be killed in war
familie family
familie historie lineage books
far father
farfar paternal grandfather
farger dyer, tanner
farmor paternal grandmother
farsot pestilence, plague
fartøy vessel, craft
fattig poor
fattigvesnet welfare agency
februar February
felles common, joint
fem five
femte fifth
femten fifteen
femtende fifteenth
femti fifty
femtiende fiftieth
fengsel prison
festeseddet rental contract
festning fortress
fetter cousin (male)
Finnland Finland
finsk Finnish
fire four
fisker fisherman
fjell mountain
fjerde fourth
fjorten fourteen
fjortende fourteenth
flere several, more
flittig diligent
flytte move
foged, fogd bailiff, sheriff
folio page (double)
folk people
folkemengde population
folkeregister citizen register, national register
folketelling census
for for, at, before, by
foran in front of
forblødning bled to death
foreldre parents
foreldreløs orphan
forening society
forfedre ancestors, forefathers
forhenværende former, previous, preceding
forhus house in front (usually the main house on a farm)
forkjølet to have a cold
forklaring explanation
forlate leave, forgive
forlovelse engagement
forlovere marriage witnesses
formiddag between morning and afternoon
formynder guardian
fornavn first name, given name
forpakter manager of estate
forrige former
forstand intellect, mind
forstoppelse constipation, obstruction
forsørges supported
fortelle tell, relate
fortid past
forvalter manager
foster fetus
fosterbarn foster child
fostre foster, to rear
fra from
fraflytte leave, move away
fraværende absent
fredag Friday
fremmed foreign, foreigner
fremtid future
fru Mrs.
fruentimmer unmarried mother, female person (derogatory)
fruktsommelig pregnant
frøken Miss
full full, complete, drunk
fullmektig head clerk, agent
fylke county
fyr lighthouse
fæstebrev to acquire land
føderåd support received after giving one’s estate to another
føderådskone woman receiving support
føderådsmann man receiving support
fødested birthplace
fødsel birth
fødselsattest birth certificate
fødselsdag birthday
født(e) born (birth)
følgende following, next
føllaug retired
før before
første first
førti forty
førtiende fortieth
får sheep, receives
G through I[edit | edit source]
gammel old
gartner gardener
garver tanner
gate street
gave gift, endowment
geistlig ecclesiastical
geografisk leksikon gazetteer
gift marriage, married, poison
gikt rheumatism
gjeld debt
gjenlevende survivors
gjennom through
gjestgiver innkeeper
gjet, gjeit goat
gjeter herdsman
gjørtler brazier, brass smith
god good
gods estate
godseier estate owner
gratis free
grav grave
graver gravedigger, sexton
gravlund cemetery
gravsted burial place
gren branch
grenader infantryman
grense boundary, border
greve Count (nobility)
grevinne Countess
grunn ground, reason
gruve mine, pit
gruvearbeider miner
grønn green
gudfar godfather
gudmor godmother
gull gold
gulsot jaundice
gulv floor
gutt boy
gå go, walk
gård farm
gårdbruker farmer
gårdeier farm owner
gårsdagens of yesterday
H
ha to have
hadde had
halshugget decapitated
halv half
halvbror half brother
halvsøster half sister
ham him
han he
handelsmann merchant, trader
hans his
hanskemaker glove maker
har has, have
hattemaker hatmaker
havn harbor
heller rather
helligdag holiday
hengt seg hanged himself or herself
henne her
her here
Herr Mr.
herred judicial district
Herren the Lord
hest horse
heter is named
historie history
hittebarn orphan, foundling
hjem home
hjemme at home
hjemmedøpt baptized at home
hjemmehørende residing
hjerte heart
hjertefeil heart disease
hjul wheel
hjulmaker wheelwright
holde hold, stop
horeri adultery
hos with, at
hoste cough
hovedliste census list
hun she
hundre(de) hundred (hundredth)
hus house
husar hussar, cavalryman
husbonde head of household
husholderske housekeeper
husmann cottager, tenant farmer
husmor housewife
hustru wife
hva what
hvem who
hver every
hvilken which
hvis if, whose
hvit white
hvor where
hvordan how
hvorfor why
hvorvidt whether
høsten in the fall
høy tall, high, hay
høyre right (side)
håndarbeide handwork
håndtering occupation
håndverk trade, handicraft
I
i in
idiot idiot
ifølge according to
igår yesterday
igjen again
i hjel, slå kill
ikke not
ikke enda not yet
ild fire
imellom between, among
imorgen tomorrow
infeksjon infection
ingen none
inn in
inne i inside
innerst renter, innermost
innflyttning moving in
innhold content
innsitter renter
innsjø lake
innvandring immigration
intet none
introduceret introduced
Island Iceland
islandsk Icelandic
J through L[edit | edit source]
J
januar January
jeg I
jeger light infantry soldier, hunter
jomfru damsel, Miss, virgin
jordbruk farming
jordet burial
jordmor midwife
jordpåkastelse ceremony of sprinkling earth on the coffin
jul Christmas
juli July
juni June
jurist lawyer
K
kallet named
kanskje maybe, perhaps
karet coach
kart map
katolsk Catholic
kavaleri cavalry
kemmer peddler
kikhoste whooping cough
kirke church
kirkebok parish register
kirkegård cemetery, churchyard
kirkeværge church warden
kiste chest, coffin
kjent known
kjønn sex
kjøpe buy
kjøpmann merchant
klokker sexton, parish clerk, bell ringer, deacon
kloster convent, monastery
kokarde insignia
kolikk colic
kommune municipality, township
kone wife
konfirmasjon confirmation
konge king
kongedømme kingdom
kongelig royal
kontor office
kopper smallpox, copper
kort short, card
kort register card index
krampe convulsions, spasm
kreft cancer
krig war
ku cow
kun only
kunngjøre declare
kunnskap knowledge
kusine cousin (female)
kusk coachman, teamster
kveg cattle
kvele choke
kvell evening
kvinne woman
kvinnekjønn female
kyllinger chickens
kår support received after giving one’s estate to another
kårkone woman who receives kår
kårmann man who receives kår
L
la let, allow
lagrettemann court member
land country
landsby village
langfredag Good Friday
laugverge widow’s guardian or spokesman
legd welfare, military levying district
legdslem welfare recipient
leie hire, rent
leier tenant
leilending leaseholder
lejermål illicit and punishable intercourse
lenge long
lensmann sheriff
lese read
leve live
levende live, living
lignende same, alike, similar
lik corpse, alike
likeledes also, as well
lille small
lite (litt) little
liten little, small
liv life
los pilot (ship)
losjerende boarder, lodger
lov law
lovlig legal
lungebetendelse pneumonia
luteraner Lutheran
lysning post banns
lysninger banns
læregutt apprentice
lærer teacher (male)
lærerinne teacher (female)
lærling apprentice
løpenummer serial number
lørdag Saturday
løsaktig loose or immoral woman
løsarbeider day laborer
Spelling[edit | edit source]
Spelling was not standardized when most early records were made. The following spelling variations are common:
| aa used for å |
j used for gj |
| b used for p | ld used for ll |
| c used for k | nd used for nn |
| d used for t | q used for k |
| e used for æ | u used for v |
| f used for v | w used for v |
| g used for k | x used for ks |
| i used for j |
ch used for k |
| tj used for kj |
hj used for j |
Examples:
"gjørtler" spelled as "giørtler"
"mann" spelled as "mand"
"kvinne" spelled as "quinde"
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES[edit | edit source]
This word list includes only words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For further help, use a Norwegian-English dictionary. Several Norwegian-English dictionaries are available at the Family History Library. These are in the Scandinavian collection. Their call numbers begin with 439.82321. Family History Centers can obtain the following dictionaries on microfilm:
Scavenius, H. Glydendals Ordbøker; Norsk-Engelsk [Gyldendal’s Dictionaries; Norwegian-English]. Oslo, Norway: Gyldendal Norsk Forlag, 1945. (FHL film 1,224,705, item 4).
cavenius, H. Glydendals Ordbøker; Engelsk-Norsk [Glydendal’s Dictionaries; English-Norwegian]. Oslo, Norway: Gyldendal Norsk Forlag, 1945. (FHL film 1,224,705, item 3).
Additional dictionaries are listed in the Subject section of the Family History Library Catalog under NORWEGIAN LANGUAGE - DICTIONARIES and in the Locality section under NORWAY - LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES.
KEY WORDS[edit | edit source]
In order to find and use specific types of Norwegian records, you will need to know some key words in Norwegian. This section lists key genealogical terms in English and the Norwegian words with the same or similar meanings.
For example, in the first column you will find the English word marriage. In the second column you will find Norwegian words with meanings such as marry, marriage, wedding, wedlock, unite, legitimate, joined, and other words used in Norwegian records to indicate marriage.
| English | Norwegian |
| banns | lysninger |
| birth |
fødte, født |
| burial |
begravelse, jordet |
| census | folketelling |
| child |
barn |
| christening | døbte, døbt |
| clerical district | prestegjeld |
| confirmation |
konfirmasjon, konfirmerede |
| death | døde, død |
| engagement | forlovelse, trolovelse |
| father | far |
| female | kvinnekjønn |
| husband | ektemann |
| index | register |
| male | mannkjønn |
| marriage | copulerede, egteviede, gift, vielse |
| military | militær |
| mother | mor |
| moving in | innflyttning |
| moving out | utflyttning |
| name, given | fornavn |
| name, surname |
etternavn |
| parents | foreldre |
| parish | sogn |
| probate | skifte |
| vaccination | vaccinerede, vaksinert |
| wife | hustru |
| year | år |