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Military records identify people who served in the military or who were eligible for service. They may be very useful for genealogical research of the families of [[Portal:Canada|Canada]], especially the detailed service records of the 20th century. The Family History Library has few records of the regular Canadian military establishment, which began in 1870 when British troops were withdrawn. Before that, French or British forces provided national defense. | Military records identify people who served in the military or who were eligible for service. They may be very useful for genealogical research of the families of [[Portal:Canada|Canada]], especially the detailed service records of the 20th century. The Family History Library has few records of the regular Canadian military establishment, which began in 1870 when British troops were withdrawn. Before that, French or British forces provided national defense. | ||
=== Military History === | === Military History === | ||
Canada was involved in the following military actions: | Canada was involved in the following military actions: | ||
'''''1755–1758''''' | '''''1755–1758''''' | ||
'''Fall of Acadia'''. The last French forts in Acadia (present-day Nova Scotia) were surrendered to the British. | '''Fall of Acadia'''. The last French forts in Acadia (present-day Nova Scotia) were surrendered to the British. | ||
'''''1756–1763''''' | '''''1756–1763''''' | ||
'''French and Indian War'''. (Seven Years War.) Battles of Quebec (1759) and Montreal (1760) determined that Canada would be British rather than French. | '''French and Indian War'''. (Seven Years War.) Battles of Quebec (1759) and Montreal (1760) determined that Canada would be British rather than French. | ||
'''''1774–1789''''' | '''''1774–1789''''' | ||
'''U.S. Revolution'''. The American Revolutionary War decided the independence of 13 former British colonies in North America. | '''U.S. Revolution'''. The American Revolutionary War decided the independence of 13 former British colonies in North America. | ||
'''''1812–1815<br>''''' | '''''1812–1815<br>''''' | ||
'''War of 1812'''. War between Britain and the United States confirmed the separate existence of the United States and the future Canada. | '''War of 1812'''. War between Britain and the United States confirmed the separate existence of the United States and the future Canada. | ||
'''''1837–1838''''' | '''''1837–1838''''' | ||
'''Rebellion of 1837'''. An abortive uprising in Upper and Lower Canada was quickly suppressed by local militia and British regulars. | '''Rebellion of 1837'''. An abortive uprising in Upper and Lower Canada was quickly suppressed by local militia and British regulars. | ||
'''''1866, 1870''''' | '''''1866, 1870''''' | ||
'''Fenian Invasions'''. At two different times a few hundred Irish nationalists invaded Canada from the United States but were repulsed by local militia.<br> | '''Fenian Invasions'''. At two different times a few hundred Irish nationalists invaded Canada from the United States but were repulsed by local militia.<br> | ||
'''''1871''''' | '''''1871''''' | ||
'''Withdrawal of British Forces''' from Canada. With the exception of two battalions at Halifax, all British army units were withdrawn from Canada. Defense was turned over to the militia.<br> | '''Withdrawal of British Forces''' from Canada. With the exception of two battalions at Halifax, all British army units were withdrawn from Canada. Defense was turned over to the militia.<br> | ||
'''''1885''''' | '''''1885''''' | ||
'''North-West Campaign'''. Canadian militia from many provinces participated in defeating Louis Riel’s rebellion. | '''North-West Campaign'''. Canadian militia from many provinces participated in defeating Louis Riel’s rebellion. | ||
'''''1899–1902''''' | '''''1899–1902''''' | ||
'''Boer War'''. About 7,400 troops from Canada served in the South African War; 242 died. | '''Boer War'''. About 7,400 troops from Canada served in the South African War; 242 died. | ||
'''''1914–1918''''' | '''''1914–1918''''' | ||
'''First World War'''. During World War I more than 628,000 Canadians joined the armed forces. Two-thirds served overseas; 60,661 died.<br> | '''First World War'''. During World War I more than 628,000 Canadians joined the armed forces. Two-thirds served overseas; 60,661 died.<br> | ||
Links: | Links: | ||
* [http://www.collectionscanada.ca/archivianet/cef/index-e.html Soldiers of the First World War - CEF] | *[http://www.collectionscanada.ca/archivianet/cef/index-e.html Soldiers of the First World War - CEF] | ||
* [http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/remembers/sub.cfm?source=collections/virtualmem&CFID=19341896&CFTOKEN=64520980 Canadian Virtual War Memorial] | *[http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/remembers/sub.cfm?source=collections/virtualmem&CFID=19341896&CFTOKEN=64520980 Canadian Virtual War Memorial] | ||
* [http://www.cefresearch.com/matrix/ Canadian Expeditionary Force Study Group - "The Matrix Project"] | *[http://www.cefresearch.com/matrix/ Canadian Expeditionary Force Study Group - "The Matrix Project"] | ||
* [http://www.collectionscanada.ca/02/02015202_e.html War Diaries of the First World War] | *[http://www.collectionscanada.ca/02/02015202_e.html War Diaries of the First World War] | ||
* [http://www.censol.ca/research/greatwar/nicholson/index.htm Official History of the Canadian Army in the First World War: Canadian Expeditionary Force 1914-1919] | *[http://www.censol.ca/research/greatwar/nicholson/index.htm Official History of the Canadian Army in the First World War: Canadian Expeditionary Force 1914-1919] | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
'''''1939–1945''''' | '''''1939–1945''''' | ||
'''Second World War'''. Of the 1,086,000 Canadians who served, 49,000 were women. War dead were 41,992. Following the Second World War, many women and children relocated to Canada. They were known as Canadian War Brides. For more details, click [[Canadian War Brides in World War II | here]].<br> | '''Second World War'''. Of the 1,086,000 Canadians who served, 49,000 were women. War dead were 41,992. Following the Second World War, many women and children relocated to Canada. They were known as Canadian War Brides. For more details, click [[Canadian War Brides in World War II|here]].<br> | ||
[http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/databases/war-dead/index-e.html Second World War Service Files: Canadian Armed Forces War Dead]. Over 1,159,000 men and women served in the Canadian Armed Forces during the Second World War (1939-1945) and 44,093 people lost their lives. Through this online database, researchers can access references to the service files in the Department of National Defence Fonds (RG 24) for the members of the Canadian Armed Forces who lost their lives during this conflict. | |||
For more historical information about '''Canadian wars and campaigns''', see: | |||
Morton, Desmond. ''A Military History of Canada.'' Edmonton, Alberta: Hurtig Publishers, 1985. (Family History Library Call No. 971 M2mdm; .) | |||
Fryer, Mary Beacock. ''Battlefields of Canada''. Toronto: Dundurn Press, 1986. (Family History Library Call No. 971 M2fm; .) | |||
A bibliography of published military histories is: | |||
Find military histories in the Place Search of the Family History Library Catalog under: | Cooke, Owen A. ''The Canadian Military Experience, 1867–1983: A Bibliography''. 2d ed. Ottawa: Directorate of History, 1984. (Family History Library Call No. 971 M23c 1984; .) | ||
Find military histories in the Place Search of the Family History Library Catalog under: | |||
CANADA - MILITARY HISTORY | CANADA - MILITARY HISTORY | ||