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''[[United States|United States ]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[United States Migration Internal|Migration ]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[US Migration Trails and Roads|Trails and Roads ]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[Unicoi_Trail|Unicoi Trail]]''[[Image:Catawba and Unicoi Trails.png|right|650px]] | ''[[United States|United States ]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[United States Migration Internal|Migration ]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[US Migration Trails and Roads|Trails and Roads ]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[Unicoi_Trail|Unicoi Trail]]''[[Image:Catawba and Unicoi Trails.png|right|650px]] <br<br> | ||
The '''Unicoi Trail''' (in red on the map) was a pre-colonial Indian trading path connecting the western parts of North and South Carolina with eastern Tennessee. At first it was open to trade only—no settlers. But after about 1795 settlers began using it. {{Adoption TNGenWeb}} | The '''Unicoi Trail''' (in red on the map) was a pre-colonial Indian trading path connecting the western parts of North and South Carolina with eastern Tennessee. At first it was open to trade only—no settlers. But after about 1795 settlers began using it. It was open to wagons about 1813, and became a toll road (turnpike) about 1819. {{Adoption TNGenWeb}} | ||
=== Historical Background === | === Historical Background === | ||
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After the Unicoi Trail was opened to wagons about 1795, it became a popular choice for pioneers from the Yadkin River settlements, and Waxhaws to move across the mountains from North Carolina to east Tennessee.<ref>''First Families'', 23-24.</ref> In 1815 a company was formed to turn the trail into a road fit for freight wagons. By 1819 the toll road was renamed a turnpike and opened to the public. This opened up trade between Augusta, Georgia and Knoxville, Tennessee. Tennessee farmers used the road to market their goods in the South until after the American Civil War.<ref name="KirkL" /> | After the Unicoi Trail was opened to wagons about 1795, it became a popular choice for pioneers from the Yadkin River settlements, and Waxhaws to move across the mountains from North Carolina to east Tennessee.<ref>''First Families'', 23-24.</ref> In 1815 a company was formed to turn the trail into a road fit for freight wagons. By 1819 the toll road was renamed a turnpike and opened to the public. This opened up trade between Augusta, Georgia and Knoxville, Tennessee. Tennessee farmers used the road to market their goods in the South until after the American Civil War.<ref name="KirkL" /> | ||
=== Route === | |||
*[[Stephens County, Georgia]] | |||
*[[Habersham County, Georgia]] | |||
*[[Rabun County, Georgia]] | |||
*[[Towns County, Georgia]] | |||
*[[Clay County, North Carolina | |||
*[[Cherokee County, North Carolina]] | |||
'''Connecting trails''' | |||
Around Tugaloo, Georgia the following trails converge near the south end of the Unicoi Trail: | |||
:*Savannah River | |||
:*[[Lower Cherokee Traders' Path]] a pre-historic trail connecting the [http://sciway3.net/scgenweb/pickens-county/images/sheriff-01.pdf Lower Cherokee Villages] to the Catawba Indians ([[Charlotte, North Carolina]]) | |||
:*[[Old Cherokee Path]] a pre-historic trail from the [http://sciway3.net/scgenweb/pickens-county/images/sheriff-01.pdf Lower Cherokee Villages] to [[Washington County, Virginia]] on the [[Great Valley Road]] (also known as the [[Great Indian Warpath]]) | |||
:*[[Coosa-Tugaloo Indian Warpath]] was a pre-historic path that went toward [[Birmingham, Alabama]] | |||
:*[[Tugaloo-Apalachee Bay Trail]] was a pre-historic trail headed for the Florida panhandle and probably [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mission_San_Luis_de_Apalachee Mission San Luis de Apalachee] | |||
:*[[Augusta and Cherokee Trail]] was a pre-historic trail from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugaloo Tugaloo] originally to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savannah_Town,_South_Carolina Savannah Town, South Carolina] and later [[Augusta, Georgia]] | |||
:*[[Old South Carolina State Road|Old South Carolina State Road]] 1747 a fork of this road apparently connected [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugaloo Tugaloo], Georgia to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Prince_George_(South_Carolina) Fort Prince George], to [[Columbia, South Carolina|Columbia]] and to [[Charleston, South Carolina]]. | |||
:*[[Fort_Charlotte_and_Cherokee_Old_Path|Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path]] after 1765 followed the northeast side of the Savannah River from the [[Old Cherokee Path]] in [[Oconee County, South Carolina|Oconee County]] down to old [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Charlotte_(South_Carolina) Fort Charlotte] in northwest [[McCormick County, South Carolina]] | |||
:*[[Upper Road]] about 1783 (overlapping the Lower Cherokee Traders' Path) connecting [[Fredericksburg, Virginia]] to [[Macon, Georgia]] | |||
:*[[Unicoi Trail|Unicoi Turnpike]] opened to a few European traders 1690, but the wagon road was not opened to settlers until 1795 from near [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugaloo Tugaloo] headed northwest to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overhill_Cherokee Overhill Cherokee villages] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville,_Tennessee Knoxville] in [[Tennessee]]<ref>Lowell Kirk, "The Unicoi Turnpike" at http://www.telliquah.com/unicoi.htm (accessed 3 May 2011).</ref><ref>William E. Myer, ''Indian Trails of the Southeast''. (Nashville, Tenn.: Blue and Gray Press, 1971). ({{FHL|54678|item|disp=FHL Book 970.1 M992i}}) [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1523234 WorldCat entry].</ref> | |||
=== Settlers and Records === | === Settlers and Records === | ||
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=== Internet Sites === | === Internet Sites === | ||
*Lowell Kirk, "The Unicoi Turnpike" in ''Tellico Plains Mountain Press: Online History and Feature Ezine'' at http://www.telliquah.com/unicoi.htm (accessed 14 August 2010). | *Lowell Kirk, "The Unicoi Turnpike" in ''Tellico Plains Mountain Press: Online History and Feature Ezine'' at http://www.telliquah.com/unicoi.htm (accessed 14 August 2010). | ||
*"The Unicoi Turnpike - White County" in Georgia Historical Markers on Waymarking.com at http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WMMVB (accessed 5 April 2011). Description of the history and route on a roadside marker. | *"The Unicoi Turnpike - White County" in Georgia Historical Markers on Waymarking.com at http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WMMVB (accessed 5 April 2011). Description of the history and route on a roadside marker. | ||