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*[https://familyhistorydaily.com/free-genealogy-resources/african-american-genealogy-research/ African American Genealogy: A Guide to Finding Your Ancestors Online] | *[https://familyhistorydaily.com/free-genealogy-resources/african-american-genealogy-research/ African American Genealogy: A Guide to Finding Your Ancestors Online] | ||
*[http://www.archives.gov/research/alic/reference/black-history.html National Archives: Black History] | *[http://www.archives.gov/research/alic/reference/black-history.html National Archives: Black History] | ||
*[https://www.accessgeneal ogy.com/black-genealogy Access Genealogy: Black Genealogy] | *[https://www.accessgeneal ogy.com/black-genealogy Access Genealogy: Black Genealogy] | ||
*[http://www.slavevoyages.org/ The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database] | *[http://www.slavevoyages.org/ The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database] | ||
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==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
The first Blacks were brought to the United States in 1619 by Dutch traders. Contrary to popular belief, not all Blacks labored as enslaved persons in the fields of the large Southern plantations. Many worked for smaller landowners, some worked as servants in the cities, and some were free. By the Civil War period, the descendants of less than 400,000 transplanted Africans numbered over 4 million | The first Blacks were brought to the United States in 1619 by Dutch traders. Contrary to popular belief, not all Blacks labored as enslaved persons in the fields of the large Southern plantations. Many worked for smaller landowners, some worked as servants in the cities, and some were free. By the Civil War period, the descendants of less than 400,000 transplanted Africans numbered over 4 million. | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
[[Image:African American Image 5.jpg|left|African American Image 5.jpg]]Researching nonplantation Blacks or enslaved persons requires great patience and luck as those who were enslaved were not considered citizens of the United States and were not permitted to engage in legal transactions. Marriage contracts between Blacks were legally forbidden until 1868. Since enslaved individuals were considered the property of their slaveholders, most records (such as deeds, wills, etc.) are interfiled with those of the slaveholder's family. Sole ownership of all enslaved children legally resided with the slaveholder of the child's mother, thus research is often limited to the maternal lines. | [[Image:African American Image 5.jpg|left|African American Image 5.jpg]]Researching nonplantation Blacks or enslaved persons requires great patience and luck as those who were enslaved were not considered citizens of the United States and were not permitted to engage in legal transactions. Marriage contracts between Blacks were legally forbidden until 1868. Since enslaved individuals were considered the property of their slaveholders, most records (such as deeds, wills, etc.) are interfiled with those of the slaveholder's family. Sole ownership of all enslaved children legally resided with the slaveholder of the child's mother, thus research is often limited to the maternal lines. | ||