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== Online Resources ==
*''See [[Native American Online Genealogy Records]] for more resources.''
*'''1722-1869''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=60583 U.S., Ratified Indian Treaties and Chiefs, 1722-1869] at Ancestry - Index ($)
*'''1824-1929''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=2398 U.S., Cherokee Baker Roll and Records, 1924-1929] at Ancestry - Index ($)
*'''1848-1970''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/61907/ U.S., Eastern Cherokee Indian Reservation Rolls, 1848-1970] at Ancestry - index & images ($)
*[https://aiac.alabama.gov/ Tribes Recognized by the State of Alabama] at State of Alabama Indian Affairs Commission
*[https://csbgtribalta.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Ma-Chis-Lower-Creek-Indian-Tribe-of-Alabama.pdf Ma-Chis Lower Creek Indian Tribe of Alabama]
 
== Tribes and Bands of Alabama ==
When a tribe or group is federally recognized it is eligible for funding and services from the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA).  When a state establishes state tribal recognition, it acknowledges the tribes status within the state, but does not guarantee funding from either the state or the federal government. When a tribe is recognized by the federal government, it can also be recognized by the state, but not all state recognized tribes are necessarily recognized by the federal government.<ref>Martha Salazar, ''State Recognition of American Indian Tribes'' National Conference of State Legislatures website (https://www.ncsl.org/legislators-staff/legislators/quad-caucus/state-recognition-of-american-indian-tribes.aspx#:~:text=According%20to%20the%20Bureau%20of,relationship%20with%20the%20United%20States : accessed May 24, 2022).</ref><br><br>
For an current list of Federal and State Recognized Tribes, see [https://www.ncsl.org/legislators-staff/legislators/quad-caucus/list-of-federal-and-state-recognized-tribes.aspx#federal NCLS List of Federal and State Recognized Tribes]
=== Tribes Recognized by the Federal Government  ===
*[https://pci-nsn.gov/ Muskogee Creek, Poarch Band of Creek]
 
=== Tribes Recognized by the State of Alabama  ===
*Cher-O-Creek Intra Tribal Indians or Cherokees of Southeast Alabama: [https://aiac.alabama.gov/tribes_cherocreek.aspx State of Alabama Indian Affairs Commission]; [http://www.native-american-online.org/CHER-O-CREEK.htm Native American Online]
*[https://cherokeetribeofnortheastalabama.org/ Cherokee Tribe of Northeast Alabama]: [https://aiac.alabama.gov/tribes_NortheastCherokee.aspx State of Alabama Indian Affairs Commission]
*[https://echotacherokee.org/index.html Echota Cherokee Tribe of Alabama]: [https://aiac.alabama.gov/tribes_EchotaCherokee.aspx State of Alabama Indian Affairs Commission]
*[https://www.machistribe.net/ Ma-Chis Lower Creek Indian Tribe of Alabama]: [https://www.facebook.com/Ma-Chis-Lower-Creek-Indian-Tribe-of-Alabama-115294086590281/?_rdr Facebook]; [https://csbgtribalta.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Ma-Chis-Lower-Creek-Indian-Tribe-of-Alabama.pdf Ma-Chis Lower Creek Indian Tribe of Alabama Grant Program]
*[https://mowachoctawindians.com/ Mowa Band of Choctaw Indians]: [https://www.uab.edu/uabmagazine/2009-articles/july/losttribe UAB Alabama's Lost Tribe]; [https://encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/mowa-band-of-choctaw-indians/ Encyclopedia of Alabama]
*[https://piquashawnee.gov/ Piqua Shawnee Tribe]: [https://aiac.alabama.gov/tribes_piquaShawnee.aspx State of Alabama Indian Affairs Commission]
*[https://southeasternmvskokenation.org/ Southeastern Mvskoke Nation]:
*[https://ucantribe.com/ United Cherokee Ani-Yun-Wiya Nation]: [https://www.facebook.com/TheAniyunwiyaNation/ Facebook]<br>
 
=== Tribes Formally in Alabama ===
*[[Cherokee Nation|Cherokee]], including Echota Cherokee, Cherokee Tribe of Northeast Alabama, Cher-O-Creek Intra Tribal Indians, and the United Cherokee Ani-Yun-Wiya Nation, Cherokees of Southeast Alabama<br>
*[[Chickasaw Nation|Chickasaw]]
*[[Choctaw Nation|Choctaw]], including the MOWA Band, Mobile Choctaw, and Mukalsa Choctaw<br>
*[[Muscogee (Creek) Nation|Muskogee Creek]], including Poarch Band, Yuchi, the Ma-Chis Lower Creek, Cher-O-Creek Intra Tribal Indians, and Star Clan of Muskogee Creek
*[[Natchez People|Natchez]]
*[[Shawnee Tribe|Shawnee Piqua]]
*[[Yuchi People|Yuchi]]
 
=== Tribes Not Recognized or No Longer are Active in Alabama ===
{| style="width:100%; vertical-align:top;"
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<ul class="column-spacing-fullscreen" style="padding-right:5px;">
<li>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abihka Abihka]
<li>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama_people Alabama]
<li>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apalachee Apalachee]
<li>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apalachicola_people Apalachicola]
<li>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscogee_people Atasi]
<li>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chatot Chatot]
<li>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eufaula_peopleEufaula Eufaula]
<li>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fushatchee Fus-hatchee]
<li>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillabee Hilibi]
<li>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitchiti Hitchiti]
<li>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kogi_people Ispokogi]
<li>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fushatchee Kan-hatki]
<li>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eufaula_people Kealedji]
<li>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coushatta Koasati]
<li>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fushatchee Kolomi]
<li>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muskogean_languages Napochi]
<li>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okchai Okchai]
<li>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitchiti Okmulgee]
<li>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Southeastern_Woodlands Osochi]
<li>[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/pakana-tribe.htm Pakana]
<li>[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/pawokti-indians.htm Pawokti]
<li>[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/sawokli-tribe.htm Sawokli]
<li>[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/taensa-tribe.htm Taensa]
<li>[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tohome-tribe.htm Tohome]
<li>[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tukabahchee-tribe.htm Tukabahchee]
<li>[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tuskegee-tribe.htm Tuskegee]
<li>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscogee_people Wakokai]
<li>[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/wiwohka-tribe.htm Wiwohka]
<li>[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/yamassi-indian-tribe.htm Yamasee]
<br>
</ul>
|}
 
== Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs in Alabama ==
*See [[Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs|Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs]] for more resources.
 
===Agency Records===
[[Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs|Agencies]] and subagencies were created as administrative offices of the [[Bureau of Indian Affairs|Bureau of Indian Affairs]] and its predecessors. Their purpose was (and is) to manage Indian affairs with the tribes, to enforce policies, and to assist in maintaining the peace. The local office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs was charged with maintaining records of the activities of those under their responsibility. The names and location of these agencies may have changed, but their purpose remained basically the same. Some records may be available to tribal members through the tribal headquarters. The BIA agency for Alabama is the Eastern Regional Office, [https://www.bia.gov/regional-offices/eastern BIA].<br>
*[[American Indian Allotment Records|Allotment records]]
*[[American Indian Annuity Rolls|Annuity rolls]]
*[[American Indian Census Rolls|Census records]]
*[[American Indian Correspondence and Reports|Correspondence]]
*[[American Indian Health Records|Health records]]
*[[American Indian Correspondence and Reports|Reports]]
*[[American Indian School Records|School census and records]]
*[[American Indian Vital Records Supplements in Census Rolls|Vital records]]
 
== Reservations in Alabama ==
*See [[Indigenous Peoples of the United States Reservations|Indigenous Peoples of the United States Reservations]] for more resources.
*[[Creek Indians|Creek Reservation]]
*[[Poarch Band of Creek Indians|Poarch Band of Creek]] - State, under jurisdiction of [[Choctaw Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Choctaw Agency]] Tribe: Poarch Band of Creek
 
== Indian Censuses==
*See [[United States Special Inquiries Relating to Indians|United States Special Inquiries Relating to Indians]] for more resources.
*See [[American Indian Census Rolls|American Indian Census Rolls]] for more resources.
*'''1848-1970''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/61907/ U.S., Eastern Cherokee Indian Reservation Rolls, 1848-1970] Ancestry - index & images ($)
*Abbott, Thomas J. ''Creek Census of 1832 (Lower Creeks).'' Laguna Hills, California: Histree, 1987. {{FSC|571201|item|disp=FS Catalog book 970.3 C861a}} This is indexed by name.
*Parsons, Benjamin S. Creek Census of 1832 (Upper Creeks). Laguna Hills, California: Histree, 1987. {{FSC|613309|item|disp=FS Catalog book 970.3 C861pa}} This is indexed by name.
 
== Alabama Indian Schools==
*See [[Indigenous Peoples of the United States School Records|Indigenous Peoples of the United States School Records]] for more resources.
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Native_American_boarding_schools List of Native American Boarding Schools]
 
==Land Allotment Records==
*See [[Allotment Records for Indigenous Peoples of the United States|Allotment Records for Indigenous Peoples of the United States]] for more resources.
 
==Alabama Map of Indian Lands==
*See [[Indigenous Peoples of the United States Maps|Indigenous Peoples of the United States Maps]] for more resources.
 
== Alabama Native Americans Historical Background ==
*[[Alabama Military Records|Alabama Military]] for a list of forts.
*[[Alabama History|Alabama History]] (calendar) for information on land ceded by the Indians.
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Southeastern_Woodlands Indigenous Peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands] at Wikipedia
 
The word '''Alabama''' is from a Choctaw word meaning "thicket-clearer" or "vegetation-gatherers." Most American Indians in Alabama were forced to go to the Indian Territory (now a part of [[Oklahoma, United States Genealogy|Oklahoma]]) in the 1830s. A few remained in Alabama.
*[[Alabama Military Records|Alabama Military]] for a list of forts.
*[[Alabama History|Alabama History]] (calendar) for information on land ceded by the Indians.
 
'''Histories:'''<br>
* ''History of Alabama and Incidentally of Georgia and Mississippi, From the Earliest Period,'' by Albert James Pickett. Sheffield, Alabama: R.C. Randolph, 1896. {{FSC|192476|item|disp=FS Library film 924406; book 976.1 H2p}}; '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|545612}}; This book gives a chronological history of the events affecting the American Indians to about 1820.
*''Redskins, Ruffle shirts and Rednecks: [[Allotment Records for Indigenous Peoples of the United States|Indian Allotments]] in Alabama and Mississippi 1830–1860,'' by Mary Elizabeth Young. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1961. {{FSC|404569|item|disp=FS Catalog book 970.1 Y86r}}; {{WorldCat|866267411|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; This book describes the opening up and sale of Chickasaw, Choctaw, and Creek Indian lands until about the 1840s.
 
Four of the [[Five Civilized Tribes|'''Five Civilized Tribes''']] are of Alabama: [[Cherokee Nation|Cherokee]], [[Chickasaw Nation|Chickasaw]], [[Choctaw Nation|Choctaw]], and [[Creek Indians|Creek]]. Some of the records unique to the Five Civilized Tribes are now available on line:
 
*'''Commission to the Five Civilized Tribes''' [[Dawes Commission Enrollment Records for Five U.S. Indian Tribes|Dawes Commission]]. In 1893 Congress established a commission to exchange Indian tribal lands in the southeastern United States for land allotments to individuals in [[Indians of Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]. More than 250,000 people applied to the commission for enrollment and land. Just over 100,000 were approved. The records include Applications for enrollment, Enrollment cards, and Letter logs. Indexes and images on line:
*[https://www.archives.gov/research/native-americans/dawes/dawes-records.html National Archives]
*'''[[The U.S. Eastern Cherokee or Guion Miller Roll|Guion Miller Roll]]''' - Easter Cherokee In 1902 the Eastern Cherokee sued the United States to get the funds due then under the treaties of 1835, 1836, and 1845. In 1906, the court awarded more than $1 million to be split among the Eastern Cherokees. There were 45,847 applications filed, representing some 90,000 individuals. Indexes and Images on line:
*'''1908-1910''' [https://www.fold3.com/publication/81/us-guion-miller-roll-1908-1910 US, Guion Miller Roll, 1908-1910] at Fold3 - index & images ($)
*'''1906–1911''' [https://www.archives.gov/research/native-americans/rolls/guion-miller-rolls Guion Miller Roll, 1906–1911, Eastern Cherokee Applications] at the National Archives - index
*[https://www.allthingscherokee.com/guion-miller-roll/ Cherokee Rolls: Guion Miller Roll] at All Things Cherokee - index
 
=== Cherokees  ===
*See [[Cherokee Nation|Cherokee Nation]] for more resources.
*''Census Records and Cherokee Muster Rolls,'' by Maud Bliss Allen. Washington, D.C.: n.p., 1935. {{FSC|45151|item|disp=FS Library film 908999 item 2; book 970.3 C424am}}; {{WorldCat|866085914|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|568464}} - This source contains the Cherokee census of 1835 of Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, and Tennessee.
* ''Census Roll, 1835, of the Cherokee Indians East of the Mississippi and Index to the Roll, Tennessee, Alabama, North Carolina, Georgia,'' by United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs. National Archives Microfilm Publications, T0496. Washington, D.C.: National Archives, 1960. {{FSC|284332|item|disp=FS Library film 833322}}; {{WorldCat|865980453|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; '''''Online at:''''' {{FSC|284332|item|disp=FamilySearch Catalog}}(*)
*''Cherokees of the Old South: A People in Transition,'' by Henry Thompson Malone. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 1956. {{FSC|81182|item|disp=FS Catalog book 970.3 C424ma}}; {{WorldCat|1384923|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}
*''The Eastern Cherokees, A Census of the Cherokee Nation in North Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama and Georgia in 1851,'' by David W. Siler. Cottonport, Louisiana: Polyanthus, 1972. {{FSC|60983|item|disp=FS Catalog book 970.3 C424sd}}; {{WorldCat|1191111860|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}} - This list contains the names of each person’s father, mother and children, with their ages and relationship (De Kalb, Jackson, and Marshall Counties)
*''Those Who Cried: The 16,000: A Record of the Individual Cherokees Listed in the United States Official Census of the Cherokee Nation Conducted in 1835,'' by James W. Tyner. N.p.: Chi-ga-u, 1974. {{FSC|438530|item|disp=FS Catalog book 970.3 C424tj}}; {{WorldCat|3185823|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}} - Non-Cherokee census takers in 1835 made lists of Cherokees in Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, and Tennessee. There are some errors because they did not understand the native languages. The government defined a person as an Indian if he or she had one-quarter degree of Indian blood.
 
=== Chickasaw  ===
*See [[Chickasaw Indians|Chickasaw Nation]] for more resources.
*Malone, James H. ''The Chickasaw Nation: A Short Sketch of A Noble People''. Louisville, Kentucky: John P. Morton, 1922. {{FSC|572741|title-id|disp=FS Catalog book 970.3 C432m}} A map at the end of the book shows the Mississippi and Alabama lands ceded by the Chickasaws in 1835.
 
=== Choctaw  ===
*See [[Choctaw Indians|Choctaw Nation]] for more resources.
*1831 list of Choctaw in Alabama and Mississippi:<br>
:*''American State Papers: {{FSC|309454|item|disp= FS Library film 1631827 (first of 32 films); fiche 6051323}}, Legislative and Executive of the Congress of the United States'' cited under the subheading France (1710–1763) in [[Alabama Land and Property]]. Volume Seven, on FS Library film 944499 item 2, pages 1–140, has the 1831 Armstrong roll of Choctaws owning farms who were entitled to receive land under the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek of 1830. The volume is indexed. These records are like a census, listing head of family, the number of males over 16, number of males and females under 10, number of acres, and location.
 
=== Creek  ===
*See [[Creek Indians|Creek Nation]] for more resources.
*Snider, Billie Ford. ''Full Name Indexes, Eastern Creek Indians East of the Mississippi.'' Pensacola, Florida: Antique Compiling, 1993. {{FSC|700946|item|disp=FS Library fiche 6126087; book 970.3 C861sb}} This source lists ancestors of the Eastern Creeks living in 1814 and descendants to about 1972. The final chapter contains a detailed history of the Creeks from the 1600s to 1973 and offers suggestions for Eastern Creek Indian ancestral research.
*Stiggins, George. ''Creek Indian History: A Historical Narrative of the Genealogy, Traditions and Downfall of the Ispocoga or Creek Indian Tribe of Indians''. Birmingham, Alabama: Birmingham Public Library Press, 1989. {{FSC|483336|item|disp=FS Catalog book 970.3 C861s}} A bibliography is found on pages 166–70.
*Eggleston, George Cary. ''Red Eagle and the Wars with the Creek Indians.'' New York: Dodd, Mead and Company Publishers, 1878. Digital version at [https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/533302-red-eagle-and-the-wars-with-the-creek-indians-of-alabama?offset=1 FamilySearch Digital Library] - free.
*Rolls were prepared in 1832 of the Lower Creeks and the Upper Creeks. They contain the names of principal chiefs and heads of households, where they resided, number of people in the household and whether they owned slaves:
:*Abbott, Thomas J. ''Creek Census of 1832 (Lower Creeks).'' Laguna Hills, California: Histree, 1987. {{FSC|571201|item|disp=FS Catalog book 970.3 C861a}} This is indexed by name.
:*Parsons, Benjamin S. Creek Census of 1832 (Upper Creeks). Laguna Hills, California: Histree, 1987. {{FSC|613309|item|disp=FS Catalog book 970.3 C861pa}} This is indexed by name.
 
==Repositories==
'''National Archives at Washington, D.C., Archives I'''<br>
Pennsylvania Avenue at 8th Street, NW<br>Washington, D.C. 20408<br>Telephone: 202-501-5415<br>Fax: 301-713-6740<br>Email: [http://www.archives.gov/contact/inquire-form.html Contact Us]<br>[https://www.archives.gov/digitization/digitized-by-partners Digitized Records]<br>[http://www.nara.gov/ Website]<br>[[National Archives and Records Administration|Research Wiki Article]]
:*[https://www.archives.gov/research/native-americans American Indian and Alaska Native Records in the National Archives] - guide to records relating to Native Americans in the United States
:*[https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/075.html Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), Record Group 75, 1793-1989] - description of records in RG 75
<br>
'''National Archives at Atlanta'''<br>
5780 Jonesboro Road<br>Morrow, Georgia 30260 USA<br>Phone: 770-968-2100<br>Email: [mailto:atlanta.archives@nara.gov atlanta.archives@nara.gov]<br>[http://www.archives.gov/southeast/ Website]<br>[[National Archives at Atlanta|Research Wiki Article]]
:*[https://www.archives.gov/atlanta/finding-aids/native-american.html Native American Records at the National Archives at Atlanta] - description of Native American records at NARA Atlanta
 
==For Further Reading==
*''Surviving Indian Groups in the Eastern United States,'' William Harlen Gilbert, Jr. ''Smithsonian Report,'' 1948, pps. 407-438. [http://gilbert1948.webs.com/ Available online].
*Hodge, Frederick Webb. ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico''. Washington D.C.:Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #30 1907. [https://archive.org/details/handbookamindians02hodgrich Available online].
*Young, Mary Elizabeth ''Redskins Ruffle shirts and Rednecks-Indian Allotments in Alabama and Mississippi 1830-1860.'' C. 1961 University of Oklahoma Pres. Norman, Oklahoma. Library of Congress number: 61-15150. {{FSC|404569|item|disp=FS Catalog book970.1 Y86r}}
 
==References==
<References />
 
 
 
[[Category:Alabama Cultural Groups]] [[Category:Alabama, United States]]
 
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