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'''Understanding customs used in surnames and given names can help you identify your ancestors in records. Learn to recognize name variations and see clues in names.''' | '''Understanding customs used in surnames and given names can help you identify your ancestors in records. Learn to recognize name variations and see clues in names.''' | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Books== | |||
==Online Tools== | *''The Names of People in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (in Arabic)'', by Abu Aws Ibrahim al-Shamsan. Riyadh: Al-Rushd Library, 2005. '''''Online at:''''' [https://archive.org/details/asmaa.t.gg/mode/2up Archive.org]; contains common Saudi personal and family names, including descriptions of how their pronunciation has changed due to Saudi Arabic dialects. | ||
*[https://surnames.behindthename.com/names/usage/arabic | ** ''أسماء الناس في المملكة العربية السعودية,'' أبو أوس إبراهيم الشمسان. الرياض: مكتبة الرشد, 2005. | ||
*[https://www.behindthename.com/names/usage/arabic '''Behind the Name: Arabic Given Names'''] | == Online Tools== | ||
*[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/arabic-naming2.htm | *[https://surnames.behindthename.com/names/usage/arabic Arabic Surnames] at Behind the Name | ||
*[https://www.familysearch.org/en/surname | * [https://www.behindthename.com/names/usage/arabic '''Behind the Name: Arabic Given Names'''] | ||
*[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/arabic-naming2.htm Period Arabic Names and Naming Practices (2nd edition)] by Da'ud ibn Auda (David B. Appleton), 2003 - article | |||
*[https://www.familysearch.org/en/surname Surname experience] at FamilySearch - search by surname to learn its meaning and origin | |||
==Arabic Naming Customs== | ==Arabic Naming Customs== | ||
===Surnames=== | ===Surnames=== | ||
Because so many components can be used (or not) in a name, the same man may be called: | Because so many components can be used (or not) in a name, the same man may be called: | ||
::Ahmad Husain | :: Ahmad Husain | ||
::Ahmad Husain Muhammad | ::Ahmad Husain Muhammad | ||
::Ahmad bin Husain bin Muhammad | :: Ahmad bin Husain bin Muhammad | ||
::Ahmad Husain Muhammad ibn Sa’ud AL-TIKRITI | ::Ahmad Husain Muhammad ibn Sa’ud AL-TIKRITI | ||
::Ahmad Husain AL-TIKRITI | ::Ahmad Husain AL-TIKRITI | ||
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::Abu Muhammad (unlikely on official documents) | ::Abu Muhammad (unlikely on official documents) | ||
------------- | ------------- | ||
====Basic Components==== | ==== Basic Components==== | ||
Assume a man is called Saleh ibn Tariq ibn Khalid al-Fulan. | Assume a man is called Saleh ibn Tariq ibn Khalid al-Fulan. | ||
*Saleh is his '''personal name''', and the one that his family and friends would call him by. | * Saleh is his '''personal name''', and the one that his family and friends would call him by. | ||
*'''ibn and bin translates as "son of";;;, so Tariq is Saleh's father's name. | *'''ibn and bin translates as "son of";;;, so Tariq is Saleh's father's name.''' | ||
*ibn Khalid means that Tariq is the son of Khalid, making Khalid '''the grandfather''' of Saleh. | *ibn Khalid means that Tariq is the son of Khalid, making Khalid '''the grandfather''' of Saleh. | ||
*al-Fulan would be Saleh's '''family name'''.<br> | *al-Fulan would be Saleh's '''family name'''.<br> | ||
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<ref>"Arabic name", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_name, accessed 9 March 2021.</ref> | <ref>"Arabic name", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_name, accessed 9 March 2021.</ref> | ||
====Al- or El-==== | ==== Al- or El-==== | ||
*A family name frequently begins with AL-, or EL-, e.g. AL-QADHAFI,nbut the family name can also be written without it, i.e. QADHAFI. | *A family name frequently begins with AL-, or EL-, e.g. AL-QADHAFI,nbut the family name can also be written without it, i.e. QADHAFI. | ||
*Some family names are derived from geographical place names, e.g. AL-TIKRITI (from Tikrit), AL-BAGHDADI (from Baghdad), AL-MASRI (‘the Egyptian’), and can indicate a family’s origins. | *Some family names are derived from geographical place names, e.g. AL-TIKRITI (from Tikrit), AL-BAGHDADI (from Baghdad), AL-MASRI (‘the Egyptian’), and can indicate a family’s origins. | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
====Even More Components==== | ====Even More Components ==== | ||
The following components may also be included in a full version of an Arabic name: | The following components may also be included in a full version of an Arabic name: | ||
:a. '''ancestral name: derived from an honoured ancestor''', this name typically begins with Al- or ibn: e.g. Al-Husain, ibn Sau’d; | :a. '''ancestral name: derived from an honoured ancestor''', this name typically begins with Al- or ibn: e.g. Al-Husain, ibn Sau’d; | ||
:b. honorific title as parent: Abu… (N. Africa Bu / Bou) meaning ‘father of…’ and Umm… meaning ‘mother of…’ can be added to the beginning of a name '''in conjunction with the name of the individual’s eldest child, usually the eldest son''': | : b. honorific title as parent: Abu… (N. Africa Bu / Bou) meaning ‘father of…’ and Umm… meaning ‘mother of…’ can be added to the beginning of a name '''in conjunction with the name of the individual’s eldest child, usually the eldest son''': | ||
:::::Abu Muhammad - ‘father of Muhammad’ | :::::Abu Muhammad - ‘father of Muhammad’ | ||
:::::Umm Muhammad - ‘mother of Muhammad’. | :::::Umm Muhammad - ‘mother of Muhammad’. | ||
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===Given Names=== | ===Given Names=== | ||
*An Arab typically has just one personal name. This may be simple, e.g. Husain, Muhammad, or may be a compound. | *An Arab typically has just one personal name. This may be simple, e.g. Husain, Muhammad, or may be a compound. | ||
*Compound names should not be separated, e.g: | *Compound names should not be separated, e.g: | ||
:*a. names beginning with Abd / Abd al / Abdul (‘servant/servant of’) combined with one of the names of Allah (‘God’): e.g. | :*a. names beginning with Abd / Abd al / Abdul (‘servant/servant of’) combined with one of the names of Allah (‘God’): e.g. | ||
:::Abd Ullah / Abdullah | :::Abd Ullah / Abdullah | ||
:::Abd al-Rahman / Abdul-Rahman | :::Abd al-Rahman / Abdul-Rahman | ||
:::Abd al-Aziz / Abdul-Aziz; | :::Abd al-Aziz / Abdul-Aziz; | ||
:*b. names ending in al-din / ad-din / el-din / eddin / uddin (‘of the religion’): e.g. Noor-al-din / Nooreddin; | :*b. names ending in al-din / ad-din / el-din / eddin / uddin (‘of the religion’): e.g. Noor-al-din / Nooreddin; | ||
:*c. names ending in -allah (‘God’): e.g. Habiballah / Habib-allah. | :*c. names ending in -allah (‘God’): e.g. Habiballah / Habib-allah. | ||
====Naming Patterns==== | ====Naming Patterns==== | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! Namesake<ref>Marefa contributors, "علم_الأنساب," in ''Marefa.org'', https://www.marefa.org/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8, 22 December 2022.</ref> !! Child | !Namesake<ref>Marefa contributors, "علم_الأنساب," in ''Marefa.org'', https://www.marefa.org/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8, 22 December 2022.</ref>!!Child | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Paternal grandfather || 1st son | |Paternal grandfather||1st son | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Maternal grandfather || 2nd son | |Maternal grandfather||2nd son | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Father || 3rd son | |Father||3rd son | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Father's oldest brother || 4th son | |Father's oldest brother||4th son | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Maternal grandmother || 1st daughter | | Maternal grandmother|| 1st daughter | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Paternal grandmother || 2nd daughter | |Paternal grandmother ||2nd daughter | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Mother || 3rd daughter | |Mother||3rd daughter | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Mother's oldest sister || 4th daughter | | Mother's oldest sister||4th daughter | ||
|} | |} | ||
====Arab Christian==== | ====Arab Christian ==== | ||
To an extent Arab Christians have names indistinguishable from Muslims, except some explicitly Islamic names, e.g. Muhammad. Some common Christian names are: | To an extent Arab Christians have names indistinguishable from Muslims, except some explicitly Islamic names, e.g. Muhammad. Some common Christian names are: | ||
*Arabic versions of Christian names (e.g. saints' names: Buṭrus for Saint Peter). | *Arabic versions of Christian names (e.g. saints' names: Buṭrus for Saint Peter). | ||
*Names of Greek, Armenian, and Aramaic or Neo-Aramaic origin. | *Names of Greek, Armenian, and Aramaic or Neo-Aramaic origin. | ||
*Use of European names, especially French, Greek and, to a lesser extent, Spanish ones (in Morocco). This has been a relatively recent centuries-long convention for Christian Arabs, especially in the Levant. For example: Émile Eddé, George Habash, Charles Helou, Camille Chamoun. | * Use of European names, especially French, Greek and, to a lesser extent, Spanish ones (in Morocco). This has been a relatively recent centuries-long convention for Christian Arabs, especially in the Levant. For example: Émile Eddé, George Habash, Charles Helou, Camille Chamoun. | ||
*Names in honor of Jesus Christ: | *Names in honor of Jesus Christ: | ||
:*Abd al-Yasuʿ (masc. ) / Amat al-Yasuʿ (fem.) ("Servant of Jesus") | :*Abd al-Yasuʿ (masc. ) / Amat al-Yasuʿ (fem.) ("Servant of Jesus") | ||
:*Abd al-Masiḥ (masc.) / Amat al-Masiḥ (fem.) ("Servant of the Messiah") | :*Abd al-Masiḥ (masc.) / Amat al-Masiḥ (fem.) ("Servant of the Messiah") | ||
*Derivations of Maseeḥ ("Messiah"): Masūḥun ("Most Anointed"), Amsāḥ ("More Anointed"), Mamsūḥ "Anointed" and Musayḥ "Infant Christ". The root, M-S-Ḥ, means "to anoint" (as in masah) and is cognate to the Hebrew Mashiah. | *Derivations of Maseeḥ ("Messiah"): Masūḥun ("Most Anointed"), Amsāḥ ("More Anointed"), Mamsūḥ "Anointed" and Musayḥ "Infant Christ". The root, M-S-Ḥ, means "to anoint" (as in masah) and is cognate to the Hebrew Mashiah. | ||
====Muhammad==== | ==== Muhammad==== | ||
Such is the popularity of the name Muhammad throughout parts of Africa, Arabia, the Middle East, South Asia and Southeast Asia, it is often represented by the abbreviation '''"Md.", "Mohd.", "Muhd.", or just "M."'''. In India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines, due to its almost ubiquitous use as a first name, a person will often be '''referred to by their second name:''' | Such is the popularity of the name Muhammad throughout parts of Africa, Arabia, the Middle East, South Asia and Southeast Asia, it is often represented by the abbreviation '''"Md.", "Mohd.", "Muhd.", or just "M."'''. In India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines, due to its almost ubiquitous use as a first name, a person will often be '''referred to by their second name:''' | ||
*Md. Dinar Ibn Raihan | *Md. Dinar Ibn Raihan | ||
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===For Further Reading=== | ===For Further Reading=== | ||
*[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/arabic-naming2.htm | *[http://heraldry.sca.org/names/arabic-naming2.htm Period Arabic Names and Naming Practices (2nd edition)] by Da'ud ibn Auda (David B. Appleton), 2003 - article | ||
*[https://www.fbiic.gov/public/2008/nov/Naming_practice_guide_UK_2006.pdf '''A GUIDE TO NAMES AND NAMING PRACTICES, UK Names Guide'''] | *[https://www.fbiic.gov/public/2008/nov/Naming_practice_guide_UK_2006.pdf '''A GUIDE TO NAMES AND NAMING PRACTICES, UK Names Guide'''] | ||
*''Names of People: Their Meanings and Reasons for Usage (in Arabic)'', by 'Abbas Kathim Murad. 1984. '''''Online at''''': [https://archive.org/details/20240329_20240329_1643/mode/2up Archive.org]. | |||
**''أسماء الناس: معانيها وأسباب التسمية بها'', عباس كاظم مراد. 1984. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
[[Category:Saudi Arabia]] | [[Category:Saudi Arabia]] | ||
<references /> | |||
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