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| link5=[[Germany Historical Geography|Historical Geography]] | | link5=[[Germany Historical Geography|Historical Geography]] | ||
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== Overview== | == Overview== | ||
The territory of Germany has varied considerably over the centuries. Until 1871 Germany consisted of numerous independent kingdoms, duchies, principalities, and states, whose borders often changed and merged. These changes often make it hard to determine which archive has the particular records you need. In 1871 all states except the Austrian states were consolidated into the German Empire under the leadership of Preußen. | The territory of Germany has varied considerably over the centuries. Until 1871 Germany consisted of numerous independent kingdoms, duchies, principalities, and states, whose borders often changed and merged. These changes often make it hard to determine which archive has the particular records you need. In January 1871 all states except the Austrian states were consolidated into the German Empire under the leadership of Preußen. | ||
Place-names and county, province, and state jurisdictions have also changed, often more than once. Because of these changes, you may not be able to find the name of your German ancestor's town on a modern map. You may also have trouble determining the jurisdiction where their records were kept. This section describes the changes that have taken place in Germany's state structure. This information will help you find records in the FamilySearch Catalog for the place where your ancestors lived. | Place-names and county, province, and state jurisdictions have also changed, often more than once. Because of these changes, you may not be able to find the name of your German ancestor's town on a modern map. You may also have trouble determining the jurisdiction where their records were kept. This section describes the changes that have taken place in Germany's state structure. This information will help you find records in the FamilySearch Catalog for the place where your ancestors lived. | ||
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A good tool for understanding the political divisions of the later German Empire is this set of maps showing each German state or kingdom in 1789 found at [http://www.hoeckmann.de/germany/index.htm Historical maps - Germany at the end of the 18th century]. | A good tool for understanding the political divisions of the later German Empire is this set of maps showing each German state or kingdom in 1789 found at [http://www.hoeckmann.de/germany/index.htm Historical maps - Germany at the end of the 18th century]. | ||
===Online | ===Online Historical Atlases=== | ||
[http://www.maproom.org/00/01/index.php F. W. Putzgers Historischer Schul-Atlas, 1905] is in many ways as useful for showing the various regions, states, and political divisions of the German Empire and the World. Additional maps found in the [http://www.maproom.org/00/04/index.php 1914 edition] and [http://www.maproom.org/00/19/index.php 1923 edition] are also available online. This atlas is in German. | [http://www.maproom.org/00/01/index.php F. W. Putzgers Historischer Schul-Atlas, 1905] is in many ways as useful for showing the various regions, states, and political divisions of the German Empire and the World. Additional maps found in the [http://www.maproom.org/00/04/index.php 1914 edition] and [http://www.maproom.org/00/19/index.php 1923 edition] are also available online. This atlas is in German. | ||
Links to additional historical atlases for Germany and other countries are found at http://www.maproom.org/c/index.php . | Links to additional historical atlases for Germany and other countries are found at Maproom.org, [http://www.maproom.org/c/index.php List of Maps from Atlases and other Works]. | ||
===Printed Historical Atlases=== | ===Printed Historical Atlases=== | ||
Several good historical atlases showing progressive boundary changes within the area that becomes the Empire of Germany, with accompanying explanations are available in print. They are written in German. | Several good historical atlases showing progressive boundary changes within the area that becomes the Empire of Germany, with accompanying explanations are available in print. They are written in German. | ||
Kleiner Atlas zur deutschen Territorialgeschichte | *''Kleiner Atlas zur deutschen Territorialgeschichte'', Bernhart Jähnig, Ludwig Biewer. Bonn Germany: Kulturstiftung der Deutschen Vertriebenen, 1991. {{WorldCat|25075122|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}. | ||
*''Grosser Atlas zur Weltgeschichte'', Joachim Dornbusch, Ekkehard Aner, et al. Braunschweig, Germany: Georg Westermann, 1997. {{FSC|1116658|title-id|disp=FS Library book 940 E7wg 2001}}, {{WorldCat|40326798|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}. | |||
=== Online Maps === | |||
*''Atlas des Deutschen Reichs'', Ludwig Ravenstein. Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut, 1883. [https://search.library.wisc.edu/digital/A53EDHRDPXILPQ9C University of Wisconsin-Madison Digital Collections]. | |||
== States and Provinces == | |||
== States and Provinces | |||
Each nation or state determined its own record-keeping practices. You may find that records differ in what they contain and where they are kept, according to who ruled that area when the record was created. | Each nation or state determined its own record-keeping practices. You may find that records differ in what they contain and where they are kept, according to who ruled that area when the record was created. | ||
The German Empire, created | The German Empire, created 18 January 1871, was made up of a patchwork of German-speaking duchies, principalities, and states. These areas often had little in common. The Locality Search of the FamilySearch Catalog uses 38 state or province divisions for Germany. For a list of these states and provinces, see the chart found in [[Germany Gazetteers]]. | ||
== More State Information: == | == More State Information: == | ||