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{{Mongolia-sidebar}}{{breadcrumb
{{CountrySidebar
|Country=Mongolia
|Name=Mongolia
|Type=Topic
|Topic Type=Background
|Background=Languages
|Rating=Standardized
}}{{breadcrumb
| link1=[[Mongolia Genealogy|Mongolia]]
| link1=[[Mongolia Genealogy|Mongolia]]
| link2=
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[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolian_Sign_Language '''Mongolian Sign Language'''] is the dominate language of the deaf community.<br>
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolian_Sign_Language '''Mongolian Sign Language'''] is the dominate language of the deaf community.<br>
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_language '''Russian'''] is the most frequently spoken foreign language in Mongolia, followed by English, although English has been slowly replacing Russian as the second language.<br>
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_language '''Russian'''] is the most frequently spoken foreign language in Mongolia, followed by English, although English has been slowly replacing Russian as the second language.<br>
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_language '''Korean'''] has gained popularity as tens of thousands of Mongolians work in South Korea.<br>
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_language '''Korean'''] has gained popularity as tens of thousands of Mongolians work in South Korea. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Mongolia," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolia#Languages, accessed 23 May 2023.</ref><br>
See [https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Mongolia_Languages#:~:text=History%20of%20the%20alphabet%20and%20script%20used%20in%20Mongolia Alphabets and Scripts] for more information on the historical use in Mongolia.  
See [https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Mongolia_Languages#:~:text=History%20of%20the%20alphabet%20and%20script%20used%20in%20Mongolia Alphabets and Scripts] for more information on the historical use in Mongolia.  


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*[[Chinese Genealogical Word List]]
*[[Chinese Genealogical Word List]]


'''Mongolian'''
'''Mongolian or Khalkha Mongolian'''
*[https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/mongolian.php Useful Mongolian phrases (Omniglot)]
*[https://wikitravel.org/en/Mongolian_phrasebook Mongolian phrasebook (Wikitravel)]


'''Oirat'''
'''Oirat'''


'''Buryat'''
'''Buryat'''
*[http://archive.phonetics.ucla.edu/Language/BXM/bxm_word-list_1991_01.html Buryat Word List (UCLA.edu)]
*[https://folkways.today/talking-buryat-phrasebook/ The Talking Buryat Phrasebook (Folkways.today)]


'''Mongolic Khamnigan'''
'''Mongolic Khamnigan or Khamnigan Mongol'''


'''Kazakh'''
'''Kazakh'''
*[https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/kazakh.php Useful Kazakh phrases (Omniglot)]
* Taranov, Andrey. ''Kazakh vocabulary for English speakers : 3000 words.'' n.p.: T & P Books Pub., 2013. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/841980957 WorldCat].


'''Tuvan'''
'''Tuvan'''
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==Alphabet and Pronunciation==
==Alphabet and Pronunciation==
'''Mongolian'''
'''Mongolian or Khalkha Mongolian'''
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolian_language#Phonology Khalkha Mongolian Phonology (Wikipedia)]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolian_language#Grammar Khalkha Mongolian Grammar (Wikipedia)]
*[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/mongolian.htm Mongolian Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)]
*[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/mongolian.htm Mongolian Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)]
*[http://learn101.org/mongolian.php Mongolian grammar and basics (Learn101)]]
* Ch, Battulga, Mika Laiho, Bat-Irėėdu̇ĭ Zh, and Mongol Ulsyn Ikh Surguulʹ. ''A student guide to Khalkha Mongolian pronunciation.'' Ulaanbaatar: T & U Print, 1999. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/610150283 WorldCat].


'''Oirat'''
'''Oirat'''


'''Buryat'''
'''Buryat'''
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buryat_language#Phonology Buryat Phonology (Wikipedia)]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buryat_language#Grammar Buryat Grammar (Wikipedia)]
*[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/buryat.htm Buryat Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)]
*[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/buryat.htm Buryat Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)]


'''Mongolic Khamnigan'''
'''Mongolic Khamnigan or Khamnigan Mongol'''
*[https://omniglot.com/writing/khamnigan.htm Khamnigan Mongol Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)]


'''Kazakh'''
'''Kazakh'''
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakh_language#Phonology Kazakh Phonology (Wikipedia)]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakh_language#Morphology_and_syntax Kazakh Morphology and syntax (Wikipedia)]
*[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/kazakh.htm Kazakh Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)]
*[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/kazakh.htm Kazakh Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)]


'''Tuvan'''
'''Tuvan'''
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuvan_language#Phonology Tuvan Phonology (Wikipedia)]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuvan_language#Grammar Tuvan Grammar (Wikipedia)]
*[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/tuvan.php Tuvan Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)]
*[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/tuvan.php Tuvan Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)]


==Language Aids and Dictionaries==
==Language Aids and Dictionaries==
'''Mongolian'''
'''Mongolian or Khalkha Mongolian'''
*[https://glosbe.com/en/mn English to Mongolian Dictionary (Glosbe)]
*[https://www.lexilogos.com/english/mongolian_dictionary.htm Mongolian dictionary (Lexilogos)]
*[https://www.mustgo.com/worldlanguages/mongolian/ Mongolian (MustGo)]
*[https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/mongolia.pdf Classical Mongolian Romanization]


'''Oirat'''
'''Oirat'''
*[https://glosbe.com/en/xwo English to Written Oirat Dictionary (Glosbe)]
* ''Oirat people : cultural uniformity and diversification.'' Osaka: National Museum of Ethnology, 2014. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/877906437 WorldCat].


'''Buryat'''
'''Buryat'''


'''Mongolic Khamnigan'''
'''Mongolic Khamnigan or Khamnigan Mongol'''
* Janhunen, Juha. ''Khamnigan Mongol.'' Munchen: Lincom Europa, 2005. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/860519618 WorldCat].


'''Kazakh'''
'''Kazakh'''
*[https://glosbe.com/en/kk English to Kazakh Dictionary (Glosbe)]
*[https://www.lexilogos.com/english/kazakh_dictionary.htm Kazakh dictionary (Lexilogos)]


'''Tuvan'''
'''Tuvan'''
* Krueger, John Richard. ''Tuvan manual : area handbook, grammar, reader, glossary, bibliography.'' Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University, 1977. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/5252062 WorldCat].


==Additional Resources==
==Additional Resources==
*[https://www.britannica.com/place/Mongolia Mongolia (Britannica)]
*[https://wikitravel.org/en/Mongolia Mongolia (Wikitravel)]
* Rupen, Robert A. and Arpad Von Lazar. ''Mongolian area handbook.'' Washington, D.C.: American Council of Learned Societies, 1963. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/10658201 WorldCat].


History of the alphabet and script used in Mongolia:<br>
'''History of the alphabet and script used in Mongolia''':<br>
As a result of pressure from the Soviet Union, Mongolia adopted the Latin alphabet in 1931 and the Cyrillic alphabet in 1937.<br>
As a result of pressure from the Soviet Union, Mongolia adopted the Latin alphabet in 1931 and the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabets '''Cyrillic alphabet] in 1937.<br>
In 1941, the Mongolian government passed a law to abolish the Classical Mongol script, but since 1994 they have been trying to bring it back.<br>
In 1941, the Mongolian government passed a law to abolish the Classical Mongol script, but since 1994 they have been trying to bring it back.<br>
It is now taught to some extent in schools, though is mainly used for decorative purposes by artists, designers, calligraphers and poets.<br>
It is now taught to some extent in schools, though is mainly used for decorative purposes by artists, designers, calligraphers and poets.<br>
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===Mongolian Language Resources===
*[http://aboutworldlanguages.com/mongolian Mongolian language overview]
*[https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/mongolia.pdf Classical Mongolian Romanization]
*[http://mylanguages.org/mongolian_romanization.php Mongolian Romanizationi converter]
*[http://learn101.org/mongolian.php Mongolian grammar and basics]
*[http://www.lexilogos.com/english/mongolian_dictionary.htm Mongolian language resources]
*[http://www.bolor-toli.com/ Mongolian online dictionary]
*[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/mongolian.htm Mongolian alphabet]




[[Category:Mongolia]]
[[Category:Mongolia]]
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