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{{Turkey-sidebar}}{{breadcrumb | {{Turkey-sidebar}}{{breadcrumb | ||
| link1=[[ | | link1=[[Türkiye Genealogy|Türkiye]] | ||
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| link5=[[ | | link5=[[Türkiye Census|Census Records]] | ||
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===Historical Background=== | ===Historical Background=== | ||
'''Record type:''' The earliest census reports from | '''Record type:''' The earliest census reports from Türkiye date from 1831.<ref>Military head tax registers (a quasi census) date from 1551.</ref> But these generally count number of households or even of persons, but they recorded few names. The census laws of 1875 and 1884 established a system of civil registration, with the population registers kept at the local district [kaza] level, to update the census by adding new information about births, marriages, and deaths. Permanent registers were compiled in an initial census survey; thereafter vital information was added as births, marriages, and deaths occurred. Initial census surveys were conducted throughout the empire in 1876-1878, 1882-1885, and again in 1903-1906. NOTE: The first survey is incomplete because of the Ottoman-Russian War. Supplemental registration of births, marriages, divorces, and deaths were sometimes added to the register itself or sometimes compiled in separate registers. | ||
===Coverage and Compliance=== | ===Coverage and Compliance=== | ||
'''Time period:''' 1876 to the end of Ottoman rule, probably 1915.<br> | '''Time period:''' 1876 to the end of Ottoman rule, probably 1915.<br> | ||
'''Location:''' For areas presently in | '''Location:''' For areas presently in Türkiye the registers are in provincial (sancak) registration offices. For some regions no longer in Türkiye, the registers are either centralized in an archive of the present country (e.g. Israel), or may be partially or completely in a Turkish archive, possibly the National Archives [Babakanlk Arivi] (also referred to as the Prime Ministry Archives) or the Sulaymaniye Library in Istanbul.<br> | ||
'''Population coverage:''' About 90%. Women are likely undercounted. Remote areas may not be fully counted. | '''Population coverage:''' About 90%. Women are likely undercounted. Remote areas may not be fully counted. | ||
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In 1867 the Turkish Council of State assumed jurisdiction over all population matters.<br> | In 1867 the Turkish Council of State assumed jurisdiction over all population matters.<br> | ||
In 1874 the Council introduced a law regarding census taking and the establishment of an accurate, permanent registration system covering men, women, and children. This new system merged the headcounts and population registration into a single system. The new system was based on three types of registers; the basic register [esas defter] listing all males with a second column listing the family members; the summary [icmal] listing the total number of people living in each town village or town quarter based on data from the town registers; and the daily events register [yevmiye vukuat] which was to include records of births, marriages, deaths, and migrations into or out of each district.<br> | In 1874 the Council introduced a law regarding census taking and the establishment of an accurate, permanent registration system covering men, women, and children. This new system merged the headcounts and population registration into a single system. The new system was based on three types of registers; the basic register [esas defter] listing all males with a second column listing the family members; the summary [icmal] listing the total number of people living in each town village or town quarter based on data from the town registers; and the daily events register [yevmiye vukuat] which was to include records of births, marriages, deaths, and migrations into or out of each district.<br> | ||
Various political problems delayed the execution of this system although | Various political problems delayed the execution of this system although Türkiye published estimated population figures for 1876/1878.<br> | ||
===Coverage and Compliance=== | ===Coverage and Compliance=== | ||
Türkiye published estimated population figures for 1876/1878.<Br> | |||
Regulations of 1881 and 1878 and the law of 1874 were finally implemented in a census which started in 1881 and was completed in 1883. | Regulations of 1881 and 1878 and the law of 1874 were finally implemented in a census which started in 1881 and was completed in 1883. | ||
===Information Recorded in the Records=== | ===Information Recorded in the Records=== | ||
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These and other cadastral surveys have been published by Turkish archives (Basvekâlet Arsivi and Tapu ve Kadastro umum müdürlügünün in Ankara), including the surveys of 1485, 1497, 1534, 1536, 1571, 1582, and 1591. <br> | These and other cadastral surveys have been published by Turkish archives (Basvekâlet Arsivi and Tapu ve Kadastro umum müdürlügünün in Ankara), including the surveys of 1485, 1497, 1534, 1536, 1571, 1582, and 1591. <br> | ||
It is not possible at this time to determine the extent to which this record exists and has been preserved. Some are kept at the Cadastral Department archives [Tapu ve Kadastro Umum Mudurlugu arsivi] in Ankara and Istanbul. Others may be kept at local and provincial archives. None of these records have been acquired by the FamilySearch Library. Access to these records is pretty much limited to those who can visit archives in | It is not possible at this time to determine the extent to which this record exists and has been preserved. Some are kept at the Cadastral Department archives [Tapu ve Kadastro Umum Mudurlugu arsivi] in Ankara and Istanbul. Others may be kept at local and provincial archives. None of these records have been acquired by the FamilySearch Library. Access to these records is pretty much limited to those who can visit archives in Türkiye. | ||
===Historical Background=== | ===Historical Background=== | ||
The Cadastral Surveys (1431 to the 20th century) were a land taxation record, census-like in research usage. The Ottoman Turks conducted an extensive survey of land and population in 1431-1432 for taxation purposes. The resulting records are of two types, detailed [mufassal] and abridged [icmal]. These surveys show a continuing preoccupation with the size of cultivable land and with their revenue. The purpose of these early Ottoman population counts was not to produce an accurate record of the total number of people in the realm. Rather, they were carried out for tax purposes, and their results were recorded in land deed registers (tapu defteri).<br> | The Cadastral Surveys (1431 to the 20th century) were a land taxation record, census-like in research usage. The Ottoman Turks conducted an extensive survey of land and population in 1431-1432 for taxation purposes. The resulting records are of two types, detailed [mufassal] and abridged [icmal]. These surveys show a continuing preoccupation with the size of cultivable land and with their revenue. The purpose of these early Ottoman population counts was not to produce an accurate record of the total number of people in the realm. Rather, they were carried out for tax purposes, and their results were recorded in land deed registers (tapu defteri).<br> | ||
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