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'''In some areas of Germany, individuals took a second surname from the name of a farm.'''. <br> | '''In some areas of Germany, individuals took a second surname from the name of a farm.'''. <br> | ||
In many areas of Germany there is a widespread use of '''''"Hofnamen" or "farm names"''''' used. | In many areas of Germany there is a widespread use of '''''"Hofnamen" or "farm names"''''' used. This is especially true for '''Westfalen (Westphalia) and Hannover and parts of Rheinland and Schlesien (Silesia)'''. Terms such as '''''modo'', ''vulgo'', ''genannt'', and ''alias '''''indicate this naming practice. Some farm families, particularly in Westphalia, used the particle '''''"von" or "zu"''''' followed by their farm or former farm's name as a family name. Men often take on the wife's surname if moving onto her property. Some of the children born to the couple may have used his surname, while others in the same family used the wife's family name. Be aware that as people moved, this might change their surname, and it may revert back and forth within the same records. Extra care needs to be taken to make sure that the correct people are included in the family group and that no one is accidentally overlooked. More about [http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~ehrhard/Farm%20Names.htm Hofnamen] can be studied here. | ||
===Occupations=== | ===Occupations=== | ||
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*With '''the Reformation''', the Protestant territories started to frown on names of saints being given to their children. The trend was now to choose names from the Old and New Testaments. Preferred were Abraham, Rebekka, Esther, Lea, Salome. | *With '''the Reformation''', the Protestant territories started to frown on names of saints being given to their children. The trend was now to choose names from the Old and New Testaments. Preferred were Abraham, Rebekka, Esther, Lea, Salome. | ||
*When baptized, children were often given '''two or more given names'''. Which name they actually went by can vary by location and time period. In many areas, however, it was common for the child to be called by the second name. For example, if the first two males born in a family were named Johann Christoph and Johann Friedrich, they were usually called Christoph and Friedrich. | *When baptized, children were often given '''two or more given names'''. Which name they actually went by can vary by location and time period. In many areas, however, it was common for the child to be called by the second name. For example, if the first two males born in a family were named Johann Christoph and Johann Friedrich, they were usually called Christoph and Friedrich. | ||
*If an elder child died young, the parents frequently '''reused the deceased child's exact name''' on the next born child of the same gender. This can be a good guide in terms of your research, but it is not an absolute.'' Do not assume | *If an elder child died young, the parents frequently '''reused the deceased child's exact name''' on the next born child of the same gender. This can be a good guide in terms of your research, but it is not an absolute.'' Do not assume ''the older child with the exact name died unless you find his/her death date. | ||
*Some children received as many as four or more given names at baptism. Multiple given names were often the names of '''parents or other relatives'''. Many of these names were frequently dropped as the child matured. Thus, a person's '''later records do not always use the name he or she was given at birth.''' | *Some children received as many as four or more given names at baptism. Multiple given names were often the names of '''parents or other relatives'''. Many of these names were frequently dropped as the child matured. Thus, a person's '''later records do not always use the name he or she was given at birth.''' | ||
===German Naming Pattern=== | ===German Naming Pattern=== | ||
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*For more details about German '''naming customs, spellings, grammatical endings, and variants:''' | *For more details about German '''naming customs, spellings, grammatical endings, and variants:''' | ||
**Kenneth L. Smith's {{FSC|498963|item|disp=German Church Books : Beyond the Basics}} Camden, Maine : Picton Press, 1989. (943 D27skL.) {{WorldCat|560609906|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}} | **Kenneth L. Smith's {{FSC|498963|item|disp=German Church Books : Beyond the Basics}} Camden, Maine : Picton Press, 1989. (943 D27skL.) {{WorldCat|560609906|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}} | ||
**Melchers, Paul & Wasserzieher, Ernst. | **Melchers, Paul & Wasserzieher, Ernst. <u>'''''Hans Und Grete '''''</u> (2500 First names explained). Bonn, Germany: Ferd. Dümmlers Verlag, 1972. (FS Library book 943 D4w 1972) {{WorldCat|4802433|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}} | ||
**Minert, Roger P. '''''Spelling Variations in German Names: Solving Family History Problems Through Applications of German and English Phonetics'''''. GRT Publications; Woods Cross, UT, 2000. | **Minert, Roger P. '''''Spelling Variations in German Names: Solving Family History Problems Through Applications of German and English Phonetics'''''. GRT Publications; Woods Cross, UT, 2000. (FS Library book 943 D47m) {{WorldCat|44623991|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}} | ||
*There are also many books that discuss '''German names and their meanings. Some indicate the cities or regions where some surnames are most common or the earliest date and place the name was documented:''' | *There are also many books that discuss '''German names and their meanings. Some indicate the cities or regions where some surnames are most common or the earliest date and place the name was documented:''' | ||
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*Part of a German's first name(s) could come from '''the "saint name"''' associated with the date on which he/she was christened. Two sources which could be used for checking this out are: | *Part of a German's first name(s) could come from '''the "saint name"''' associated with the date on which he/she was christened. Two sources which could be used for checking this out are: | ||
**Weidenhan, Joseph L. | **Weidenhan, Joseph L. <u>'''''Baptismal Names...'''''</u> Baltimore, Maryland: Kenmore Productions, 19--. Republished by Gale Research Company: Detroit, Michigan, 1968. (FS Library book 929.4 W426b) {{WorldCat|6444472|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}} | ||
**Grotefend, H & Ulrich, Th. | **Grotefend, H & Ulrich, Th. <u> [https://archive.org/details/taschenbuchderze00grot '''''Taschenbuch der Zeitrechnung des Deutschen Mittelalters und der Neuzeit''''' (Online)] </u> Hannover, Germany: Verlag Hahnsche Buchhandlung,1971. (FS Library book 943 H3gh 1971) {{WorldCat|10400769|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}} | ||
*More such books are listed in the '''FamilySearch Catalog:''' | *More such books are listed in the '''FamilySearch Catalog:''' | ||