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*Approximately 1 in 7 convicts were women, while political prisoners, another minority group, comprise many of the best-known convicts. | *Approximately 1 in 7 convicts were women, while political prisoners, another minority group, comprise many of the best-known convicts. | ||
*Once emancipated, most ex-convicts stayed in Australia and joined the free settlers, with some rising to prominent positions in Australian society.<ref>"Convicts in Australia", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convicts_in_Australia, accessed 3 March 2022.</ref><ref>"New South Wales,", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_South_Wales, accessed 3 March 2022.</ref> | *Once emancipated, most ex-convicts stayed in Australia and joined the free settlers, with some rising to prominent positions in Australian society.<ref>"Convicts in Australia", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convicts_in_Australia, accessed 3 March 2022.</ref><ref>"New South Wales,", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_South_Wales, accessed 3 March 2022.</ref> | ||
== Types of Convict Records == | |||
=== Tickets of Leave Butts === | |||
*'''Tickets of leave''' were issued to convicts having served about half of their sentences with good behavior. | |||
*These tickets '''allowed convicts to seek employment''' as they wished but '''limited their movement to a certain district''' for the remainder of their sentences. | |||
*Prior to 1828, bench magistrates granted tickets of leave and approved applications for convicts to marry. | |||
*The actual ticket of leave was issued to the convict; '''the government retained the ticket of leave butts'''. | |||
*'''Ticket of leave butts listed the convict’s name, ship, and date of arrival, native place, trade or calling, date and place of trial and sentence, a physical description, and the district to which he or she was confined.''' | |||
=== Certificates of Freedom === | |||
*A '''certificate of freedom''' was a document stating that a '''convict's sentence had been served''' and was usually given to convicts with a 7, 10 or 14 year sentence or when they received a pardon. | |||
*Convicts with a '''life sentence''' could receive a Pardon, but not a Certificate of Freedom. | |||
*The Certificate of Freedom number was sometimes '''annotated on the indent or noted on a Ticket of Leave Butt.''' | |||
*The government retained certificates of freedom butts, which were similar to ticket of leave butts. | |||
=== Pardons === | |||
*Both '''conditional and absolute pardons''' were generally '''granted to convicts with life sentences'''. | |||
*'''Conditional pardons''' required that the ex-convict '''never return to the British Isles''' or his or her pardon would be void. | |||
*'''Absolute pardons''' allowed an ex-convict to return to the British Isles if he or she wished. | |||
*'''Pardon records''' contain information similar to tickets of leave: the convict’s name, ship, and date of arrival, native place, trade or calling, date and place of trial and sentence, a physical description, and the district to which he or she was confined.''' | |||
=== Convict indents === | |||
*Convict indents were lists that were made when convicts arrived on transport ships. | |||
*Information given in indents is similar to that in tickets of leave but also includes a convict’s marital status and number of children and whether the convict was literate. | |||
==FamilySearch Library== | ==FamilySearch Library== | ||
Additional sources are listed in the '''FamilySearch Catalog:''' | Additional sources are listed in the '''FamilySearch Catalog:''' | ||