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==Description== | |||
Arabic is the official national language. The majority of Lebanese people speak '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanese_Arabic Lebanese Arabic]'''.<br> | |||
A law determines the cases in which the '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language French language]''' is to be used. There is a significant presence of French. Almost 40% of Lebanese are considered francophone.<br> | |||
The majority of Lebanese people speak Lebanese Arabic, while '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Standard_Arabic Modern Standard Arabic]''' is mostly used in magazines, newspapers, and formal broadcast media. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Lebanon," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon#Language, accessed 5 Feb 2022.</ref> | |||
==Word List(s)== | |||
* [[French Genealogical Word List]] | |||
* [[Arabic Genealogical Word List]] | |||
==Alphabet and Pronunciation== | |||
'''Alphabet''' | |||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanese_Arabic#:~:text=Phonology Lebanese Arabic Alphabet] - Wikipedia | |||
'''Pronunciation''' | |||
==Language Aids and Dictionaries== | |||
'''Dictionaries''' | |||
* Tressy Arts, '''''Oxford Arabic dictionary : Arabic-English · English-Arabic''''', Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press, 2014 - [https://www.worldcat.org/title/oxford-arabic-dictionary-arabic-english-english-arabic/oclc/881018992&referer=brief_results Available at WorldCat] | |||
* Pierre-Henri Cousin, '''''Collins French dictionary''''', New York N.Y. : HarperCollins Publishers, Boston, Mass. : Credo Reference, 2007 - [https://www.worldcat.org/title/collins-french-dictionary/oclc/941857406&referer=brief_results Available at WorldCat] | |||
'''Online Dictionaries''' | |||
'''Language Aids''' | |||
* Karin C Ryding, '''''A reference grammar of modern standard Arabic''''', Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2005 - [https://www.worldcat.org/title/reference-grammar-of-modern-standard-arabic/oclc/967398842&referer=brief_results Available at WorldCat] | |||
* Mohammad T Alhawary, '''''Modern Standard Arabic Grammar''''', Somerset : Wiley, 2011 - [https://www.worldcat.org/title/modern-standard-arabic-grammar/oclc/1027147213&referer=brief_results Available at WorldCat] | |||
==Additional Resources== | |||
== References == | |||
{{reflist}} | |||
Article 11 of Lebanon's Constitution states that "Arabic is the official national language. A law determines the cases in which the French language is to be used".The majority of Lebanese people speak Lebanese Arabic, while Modern Standard Arabic is mostly used in magazines, newspapers, and formal broadcast media. Lebanese Sign Language is the language of the deaf community. Almost 40% of Lebanese are considered francophone, and another 15% "partial francophone," and 70% of Lebanon's secondary schools use French as a second language of instruction. By comparison, English is used as a secondary language in 30% of Lebanon's secondary schools.The use of French is a legacy of France's historic ties to the region, including its League of Nations mandate over Lebanon following World War I; as of 2004, some 20% of the population used French on a daily basis.The use of Arabic by Lebanon's educated youth is declining, as they usually prefer to speak in French and, to a lesser extent, English, which are seen as 'hipper'. | Article 11 of Lebanon's Constitution states that "Arabic is the official national language. A law determines the cases in which the French language is to be used".The majority of Lebanese people speak Lebanese Arabic, while Modern Standard Arabic is mostly used in magazines, newspapers, and formal broadcast media. Lebanese Sign Language is the language of the deaf community. Almost 40% of Lebanese are considered francophone, and another 15% "partial francophone," and 70% of Lebanon's secondary schools use French as a second language of instruction. By comparison, English is used as a secondary language in 30% of Lebanon's secondary schools.The use of French is a legacy of France's historic ties to the region, including its League of Nations mandate over Lebanon following World War I; as of 2004, some 20% of the population used French on a daily basis.The use of Arabic by Lebanon's educated youth is declining, as they usually prefer to speak in French and, to a lesser extent, English, which are seen as 'hipper'. | ||