France Emigration and Immigration: Difference between revisions

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==How to Find the Records==

===Online Resources===

*'''1946-1971''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/61704/ Free Access: Africa, Asia and Europe, Passenger Lists of Displaced Persons, 1946-1971] Ancestry, free. Index and images. Passenger lists of immigrants leaving Germany and other European ports and airports between 1946-1971. The majority of the immigrants listed in this collection are displaced persons - Holocaust survivors, former concentration camp inmates and Nazi forced laborers, as well as refugees from Central and Eastern European countries and some non-European countries.  

*[https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/62195/ Free Access: USC Shoah Foundation, Holocaust – Jewish Survivor Interviews]

*[https://immigrantships.net/index.html Immigrant Ships Transcribers Guild] Choose a volume and then choose France under "Listed by Port of Departure" or "Listed by Port of Arrival".

===Offices and Organizations to Contact===

In addition to their usefulness in determining where an emigrant lived in the nation before leaving, these records can help you construct family groups. If you don't find your ancestor, you may find emigration information about neighbors of your ancestor. People who lived near each other in France often settled together in the nation where they emigrated to.

==Finding the Town of Origin in France==

*'''1722''' Alsatian colonies established in the Holy Roman Empire '''(Austria-Hungary)'''.

*'''1764 to 1786''' Alsatians colonize '''Russia, Ukraine, and Banat'''.

*'''1789 to 1791''' About 500,000 refugees flee the '''French Revolution''' for neighboring nations and the Americas. About half later returned.  

*'''1804 to 1832''' Additional Alsatians emigrate to '''Ukraine, Bessarabia, and Banat'''.

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=== Acadia and Quebec (Canada)  ===

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Several French Canadian sources mention the French home parish of an individual or his parents, for example:  

*[[Canada Emigration and Immigration]] – Wiki page with additional larger databases which also include French immigrants

===Algeria===

====Online Records====

====Algeria Background====

'''French Colonization of Algeria:''' Under the pretext of a slight to their consul, the French invaded and captured Algiers in 1830. Historian Ben Kiernan wrote on the French conquest of Algeria: "By 1875, the French conquest was complete. The war had killed approximately 825,000 indigenous Algerians since 1830." French losses from 1831 to 1851 were 92,329 dead in the hospital and only 3,336 killed in action."

====Argentina Background====

French Argentines form one of the largest ancestry groups after Italian Argentines and Spanish Argentines. Between 1857 and 1946, 261,020 French people immigrated to Argentina. Besides immigration from continental France, Argentina also received, as early as the 1840s, immigrants with French background from neighboring countries, notably Uruguay, which expanded the French Argentine community. In 2006, it was estimated that around 6 million Argentines had some degree of French ancestry, up to 17% of the total population.<ref>"French Argentines", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Argentines, accessed 9 July 2021.</ref>

===Basque Diaspora===

*A notable percentage of '''Peruvian''' people have at least one Basque surname, with more than 6 million or 18% of the national population. They trace back their presence to colonial times.

*It is estimated that up to 10% of '''Uruguay's''' population has at least one parent with a Basque surname. The first wave of Basque immigrants to Uruguay came from the '''French''' side of the Basque country beginning about 1824.

===Brazil===

====Brazil Background====

Between 1850 and 1965 around 100,000 French people immigrated to Brazil.[2] The country received the second largest number of French immigrants to South America after Argentina (239,000). It is estimated that there are around 1 million Brazilians of French descent today. French colonies: Piracicaba (São Paulo - 1852); Guaraqueçaba (Paraná - 1852); Ivaí (Paraná - 1847).<ref>"French Brazilians", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Brazilians, accessed 9 July 2021.</ref>

===Cuba===

====Cuba Background====

*The first wave of French immigrants to arrive in Cuba were fleeing the '''Haitian Revolution''' and the new governmental administration of Haiti after independence was declared. This immigration reached its peak between 1800 and 1809, when more than twenty-seven thousand French of all social classes arrived in the eastern part of Cuba. Many of them emigrated to the city of Santiago de Cuba, which had neither sidewalks nor paved streets, and lacked drinking water, supplies and dwellings for the refugees.

===Mexico===

====Mexico Background====

*French nationals make up the '''second largest European immigrant group''' in Mexico, after Spaniards.

===New Caledonia===

====New Caledonia Online Records====

====New Caledonia Background====

*New Caledonia  is a special collectivity of France in the southwest Pacific Ocean.

===Puerto Rico===

====Puerto Rico Online Records====

*'''1815-1845''' {{RecordSearch|1919700|Puerto Rico Records of Foreign Residents, 1815-1845}} at FamilySearch, images [[Puerto Rico, Records of Foreign Residents - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use This Collection]]

====Puerto Rico Background====

*In 1796, the Spanish Crown ceded the western half of the island of Hispaniola to the French. The French named their part Saint-Domingue (which was later renamed '''Haiti'''). The French settlers dedicated themselves to the cultivation of the sugar cane and owned plantations, which required a huge amount of manpower. They enslaved and imported people from Africa to work in the fields. In 1791, the enslaved African people rebelled against the French in what is known as the Haitian Revolution. The French fled to '''Santo Domingo and made their way to Puerto Rico'''. Once there, they settled in the western region of the island in towns such as '''Mayagüez'''. With their expertise, they helped develop the island's sugar industry, converting Puerto Rico into a world leader in the exportation of sugar.

*In 1815, the Spanish Crown had issued a Royal Decree with the intention of encouraging more trade between Puerto Rico and other countries who were friendly towards Spain. The decree also free land to any Spaniard (and eventually French) who would be willing to settle on the island. Thousands of French and Corsican families (the Corsicans were French citizens of Italian descent) settled in Puerto Rico. The Corsicans (who had Italian surnames) settled the mountainous region in and around the towns of Adjuntas, Lares, Utuado, Guayanilla, Ponce and Yauco, where they became successful coffee plantation owners. The French who immigrated with them from mainland France also settled in various places in the island, mostly in the unsettled interior regions of the Island, which up to that point were virtually uninhabited.<ref>"French Immigration to Puerto Rico", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_immigration_to_Puerto_Rico, accessed 1 May 2021.</ref>

=== United States  ===

*[[United States Emigration and Immigration]] – Wiki page with additional larger databases which also include French immigrants

*'''1720-1734''' [http://anom.archivesnationales.culture.gouv.fr/caomec2/recherche.php?territoire=LOUISIANE IREL French Overseas Civil Registration for Louisiana, 1720-1734]

====United States Background====

*In the 17th and early 18th centuries, there was an influx of a few thousand '''Huguenots''', who were Calvinist refugees fleeing religious persecution following the issuance of the 1685 Edict of Fontainebleau by Louis XIV of the Kingdom of France.

*'''Louisiana Creole''' people refers to those who are descended from the colonial settlers in Louisiana, especially those of French and Spanish descent. Their ancestors settled '''Acadia''', in what is now the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and part of Maine in the 17th and early 18th centuries. In 1755, the British Army forced the Acadians to either swear an oath of loyalty to the British Crown or face expulsion. Some four thousand managed to make the long trek to Louisiana, where they began a new life.

===Vietnam===

====Vietnam Online Records====

==For Further Reading==

=== Published Emigration Records  ===

Lists of emigrants are often published. These usually focus on the emigrants from one town, department, or region. An