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==Description== | |||
Arabic is the official language of Bahrain, though English is widely used. All commercial institutions and road signs are bilingual, displaying both English and Arabic. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Bahrain," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrain#Languages#:~:text=Languages, accessed 27 Jul 2021.</ref> | |||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic '''Arabic'''] plays an important role in political life and one must be fluent in Arabic to stand for parliament. | |||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrani_Arabic '''Bahrani Arabic'''] (also known as Bahrani and Baharna Arabic) is the most widely spoken dialect of the Arabic language, though it differs widely from standard Arabic, like all Arabic dialects. | |||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balochi_language '''Balochi'''] is the second largest and widely spoken language in Bahrain. | |||
==Word List(s)== | |||
* [https://www.arabicpod101.com/arabic-word-lists/ Arabic Core 100 Word List] - ArabicPod 101 | |||
* [https://www.tripadvisor.com/Travel-g293996-s604/Bahrain:Important.Phrases.html Bahrain: Important Phrases] - Tripadvisor | |||
==Alphabet and Pronunciation== | |||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrani_Arabic#:~:text=Phonology Bahrani Arabic Phonology] - Wikipedia | |||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic#:~:text=Vowels Arabic Vowels and Consonants] - Wikipedia | |||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balochi_language#:~:text=Phonology Balochi Phonology] - Wikipedia | |||
==Language Aids and Dictionaries== | |||
'''Dictionaries''' | |||
* Hafiz, Anwar. ''Conversational dictionary of spoken Arabic.'' Altamonte Springs, FL.: International Promoters of Art, 1980. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/25987624 WorldCat]. | |||
* Hiro, Dilip. ''Dictionary of the Middle East.'' New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/34076807 WorldCat]. | |||
* Peck, Malcolm C. ''Historical dictionary of the Gulf Arab states.'' Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2008. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/76864352 WorldCat]. | |||
* Hiro, Dilip. ''A comprehensive dictionary of the Middle East.'' Northampton, MA: Interlink Books, 2013. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/796760205 WorldCat]. | |||
* Awde, Nicholas and K Smith. ''Arabic dictionary : Arabic-English : English-Arabic.'' London: Bennett & Bloom, 2004. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/473458344 WorldCat]. | |||
*معجم انساب قبائل الجزيرة العربية. ماجد ناصر الزبيدي. بيروت لبنان: الفرات, ٢٠١٠ | |||
*معجم قبائل العرب القديمة والحديثة. عمر رضا كحالة. دمشق سوريا: مؤسسة الرسالة ناشرون, ٢٠١١ | |||
*''Register zu den Genealogischen Tabellen der Arabischen Stämme und Familien: Mit Historischen und Geographischen Bemerkungen.'' By Ferdinand Wüstenfeld. London: Reprint: Forgotten Books. | |||
'''Online Dictionaries''' | |||
* [https://en.mo3jam.com/dialect/Bahraini/words/%D8%B1 Bahrani Arabic Dictionary] | |||
* [https://en.glosbe.com/en/ar Dictionary English - Arabic] - Glosbe | |||
'''Language Aids''' | |||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balochi_language#:~:text=Grammar Balochi Grammar] - Wikipedia | |||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic#:~:text=Grammar Arabic Grammar] - Wikipedia | |||
* Feghali, Habaka J. ''Gulf Arabic : the dialects of Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, UAE, and Oman : grammar, dialogues, and lexicon.'' Springfield, VA: Dunwoody Press, 2008. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/1024151056 WorldCat]. | |||
* Gilbertson, George Waters. ''The Balochi language, a grammar and manual.'' Hertford: Austin, 1923. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/243740301 WorldCat]. | |||
==Additional Resources== | |||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrani_Arabic#:~:text=Examples%20of%20words%20borrowed%20from%20other%20languages Bahrani - Words borrowed from other languages] - Wikipedia | |||
* Etheredge, Laura. ''Persian Gulf states : Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Oman, and the United Arab Emirates.'' New York: Britannica Educational Pub., 2011. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/658117317 WorldCat]. | |||
== References == | |||
{{reflist}} | |||
[[Category:Bahrain]] | [[Category:Bahrain]] | ||
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