68
edits
m
Corrected typographical errors.
(Expanded and corrected section on farm names. Added section on adding names to Family Tree.) |
m (Corrected typographical errors.) |
||
| Line 18: | Line 18: | ||
*Patronymic surnames are derived from the father's given name and a suffix to identify the child's gender. | *Patronymic surnames are derived from the father's given name and a suffix to identify the child's gender. | ||
**The suffix for males can be found as -sen, -ssen, -son, -sson, -szen, -ssøn, -søn and other forms. Since most priests were Danish or had Danish education, the Danish -sen and -ssen are most common in the older parish registers. | **The suffix for males can be found as -sen, -ssen, -son, -sson, -szen, -ssøn, -søn and other forms. Since most priests were Danish or had Danish education, the Danish -sen and -ssen are most common in the older parish registers. | ||
**The suffix for females can be found as -datter and -dotter. Again, due to Danish influence, the - | **The suffix for females can be found as -datter and -dotter. Again, due to Danish influence, the -datter form is seen most commonly in written records. | ||
*Spelling was not standardized in Norway until 1917 | *Spelling was not standardized in Norway until 1917 | ||
| Line 114: | Line 114: | ||
===Patronymics=== | ===Patronymics=== | ||
[[File:Norway Patronymic Surnames.jpg|200px|right|thumb|Illustration of the derivation of Norwegian patronymic surnames]] | [[File:Norway Patronymic Surnames.jpg|200px|right|thumb|Illustration of the derivation of Norwegian patronymic surnames]] | ||
Patronymic surnames are based on the father's given name. This surname changed with each generation. For example, Jon Arnesen was the son of a man named Arne. If Jon had a son named Arne, the son would be known as Arne Jonsen (or Jonsson, etc), that | Patronymic surnames are based on the father's given name. This surname changed with each generation. For example, Jon Arnesen was the son of a man named Arne. If Jon had a son named Arne, the son would be known as Arne Jonsen (or Jonsson, etc), that is, Arne son of Jon and his brothers would be surnamed Jonsen (or Jonsøn, etc.), while his sisters would be known as Jonsdatter (or Jonsdotter), that is, daughter of Jon. In some of the earliest church records a person may be recorded with a ''matronymic'' surname, based on the person's mother's given name. Cases like this are very unusual, and always indicate the person was illegitimate. | ||
===Fixed Patronymics=== | ===Fixed Patronymics=== | ||
| Line 143: | Line 143: | ||
When farm names are given in a record in a manner that shows they are clearly being used as a surname, they provide potentially critical information for uniquely identifying an individual and should be recorded as the person’s surname. | When farm names are given in a record in a manner that shows they are clearly being used as a surname, they provide potentially critical information for uniquely identifying an individual and should be recorded as the person’s surname. | ||
Because farm names were derived from where a person was living, the person’s surname would change each time he or she moved. | Because farm names were derived from where a person was living, the person’s surname would change each time he or she moved. People's surnames may be recorded differently depending on the time a record was written. It might be: | ||
*The farm on which they were born | *The farm on which they were born | ||
| Line 159: | Line 159: | ||
For example, ''[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/471492 Ulvik gards- og ættesoga]'' has under the entries for Gjele, a smaller part of Ljono farm, a ''Jon Asbjørnsson Håheim''<ref>Kolltveit, Olav, Johannes Kvestad, and Torbjørn Kvestad. ''Ulvik: gards- og ættesoga, 2: Gards- og ættesoga Syse-Vallavik.'' Ulvik bygdeboknemd, 1987. Page 140.</ref>. Here ''Håheim'' is used to indicate his previous farm name and at which farm more information about him can be found. | For example, ''[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/471492 Ulvik gards- og ættesoga]'' has under the entries for Gjele, a smaller part of Ljono farm, a ''Jon Asbjørnsson Håheim''<ref>Kolltveit, Olav, Johannes Kvestad, and Torbjørn Kvestad. ''Ulvik: gards- og ættesoga, 2: Gards- og ættesoga Syse-Vallavik.'' Ulvik bygdeboknemd, 1987. Page 140.</ref>. Here ''Håheim'' is used to indicate his previous farm name and at which farm more information about him can be found. | ||
=== Surnames Alone Do Not Prove Relationships === | ===Surnames Alone Do Not Prove Relationships=== | ||
None of the four types of surnames can in and of themselves be used to prove relationships. In the same way that two people named Smith living next door to each other cannot be assumed to be related to each other, two people with the same fixed patronymic or the same family name cannot be assumed to be related without actual evidence of that relationship. | None of the four types of surnames can in and of themselves be used to prove relationships. In the same way that two people named Smith living next door to each other cannot be assumed to be related to each other, two people with the same fixed patronymic or the same family name cannot be assumed to be related without actual evidence of that relationship. | ||
| Line 183: | Line 183: | ||
*Anders Halvorsen and his wife Kari Knutsdatter emigrated with the two youngest children in 1862. They and the two children carry on with the name ''Halvorson'' in the US. | *Anders Halvorsen and his wife Kari Knutsdatter emigrated with the two youngest children in 1862. They and the two children carry on with the name ''Halvorson'' in the US. | ||
== Recording Norwegian Names In Family Tree == | ==Recording Norwegian Names In Family Tree== | ||
Following usual genealogical practice, an individual’s name at the time of his or her birth should be entered in the Vitals section of Family Tree. Exceptions to this general rule can be found. For example, if a family moved from one farm to another when a child was just a few years old and all other children in the family were born at the second farm, it sometimes makes sense for clarity to enter the first child with the same farm name as his or her siblings. All additional names a person used through life whether due to moving from one farm to another, moving from a rural to an urban area, or emigrating should be recorded in the Other Information section of Family Tree as Alternate Names. | Following usual genealogical practice, an individual’s name at the time of his or her birth should be entered in the Vitals section of Family Tree. Exceptions to this general rule can be found. For example, if a family moved from one farm to another when a child was just a few years old and all other children in the family were born at the second farm, it sometimes makes sense for clarity to enter the first child with the same farm name as his or her siblings. All additional names a person used through life whether due to moving from one farm to another, moving from a rural to an urban area, or emigrating should be recorded in the Other Information section of Family Tree as Alternate Names. | ||
=== Given Names === | ===Given Names=== | ||
Enter all first names in the First Names field. Because of the wide variation in spelling used for names which sometimes differs even between the Ministerialbok christening record and the Klokkerbok copy of the same record, the decision of which spelling to use can be challenging. | Enter all first names in the First Names field. Because of the wide variation in spelling used for names which sometimes differs even between the Ministerialbok christening record and the Klokkerbok copy of the same record, the decision of which spelling to use can be challenging. | ||
=== Surnames, excluding patronymics === | ===Surnames, excluding patronymics=== | ||
Enter any fixed patronymic, family, or farm name surname in the Last Names field. Fixed patronymics use the -sen suffix for both men and women. Family names will usually have standard spelling that can be used. Farm name spelling varied through the years just like given names. They can be entered either with the spelling current at the time of an individual's birth or with the modern spelling of the farm. | Enter any fixed patronymic, family, or farm name surname in the Last Names field. Fixed patronymics use the -sen suffix for both men and women. Family names will usually have a standard spelling for the particular family that can be used. Farm name spelling varied through the years just like given names. They can be entered either with the spelling current at the time of an individual's birth or with the modern spelling of the farm. | ||
=== Patronymic Surnames === | ===Patronymic Surnames=== | ||
For | For individuals with only a patronymic surname, enter it in the Last Names field. Since the patronymic is usually abbreviated, it is often impossible to know which spelling was used for the suffix. Some people choose to exclusively use -sen and -datter no matter what the records contains. Some people choose to use the form used in the records when present. Some people choose to use -sson and -datter to distinguish regular patronymics from fixed patronymics. | ||
Individuals with fixed patronymic surnames usually did not use a regular patronymic with their surname. | Individuals with fixed patronymic surnames usually did not use a regular patronymic with their surname. | ||
| Line 201: | Line 201: | ||
Individuals with farm name surnames almost always used a patronymic along with their surname. | Individuals with farm name surnames almost always used a patronymic along with their surname. | ||
If used along with a second type of surname, a person’s patronymic can be entered either at the end of the First Names field or at the beginning of the Last Names field. The position of the patronymic will | If used along with a second type of surname, a person’s patronymic can be entered either at the end of the First Names field or at the beginning of the Last Names field. The position of the patronymic will affect search results. | ||
If an individual had a fixed patronymic, a family name, or a farm name, one should always enter the strictly patronymic form of his or her name as an Alternate Name in the Other Information section of Family Tree with the first name in the First Names field and the patronymic in the Last Names field. This | If an individual had a fixed patronymic, a family name, or a farm name, one should always enter the strictly patronymic form of his or her name as an Alternate Name in the Other Information section of Family Tree with the first name in the First Names field and only the patronymic in the Last Names field. This helps the Find and Hint routines work most effectively.<br /> | ||
<br /> | |||
==Online Resources== | ==Online Resources== | ||
| Line 213: | Line 212: | ||
*''[https://www.arkivverket.no/en/find-your-ancestors/tracing-your-ancestry Start tracing your Norwegian ancestors.]'' Arkivverket.no | *''[https://www.arkivverket.no/en/find-your-ancestors/tracing-your-ancestry Start tracing your Norwegian ancestors.]'' Arkivverket.no | ||
*Eidhammer, Martin Roe. [https://martinroe.com/blog/how-i-record-person-names/ "How I record person names."] ''Norwegian Genealogy and then some: Genealogy, history and culture from Norway.'' | *Eidhammer, Martin Roe. [https://martinroe.com/blog/how-i-record-person-names/ "How I record person names."] ''Norwegian Genealogy and then some: Genealogy, history and culture from Norway.'' | ||
*[https://www.norwaydna.no/gedcom-og-slekt/norsk-navneskikk/ "Norsk navneskikk,"] ''Norway DNA Norgesprosjektet.'' | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||