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===Emigration from Austria=== | ===Emigration from Austria=== | ||
Austrian emigration patterns have been difficult to determine. There was no official country known as Austria until 1918. Prior to that time the sprawling Habsburg Empire, an amalgam of a dozen nationalities, encompassed the idea of Austria | *Austrian emigration patterns have been difficult to determine. '''There was no official country known as Austria until 1918'''. Prior to that time the sprawling '''Habsburg Empire''', an amalgam of a dozen nationalities, encompassed the idea of Austria. | ||
*Between 1860 and 1974 Austria provided 4.3 million emigrants to the United States. These included ethnic '''German, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Hungarian, Slovene, Romanian, Italian, Croatian and Serbian peoples'''. During many of these years '''Latin America''' also received many Austrian emigrants. <ref name="profile">The Family History Department of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, “Family History Record Profile: Austria,” Word document, private files of the FamilySearch Content Strategy Team, 1987-1999.</ref> | |||
Between 1860 and 1974 Austria provided 4.3 million emigrants to the United States. These included ethnic German, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Hungarian, Slovene, Romanian, Italian, Croatian and Serbian peoples. During many of these years Latin America also received many Austrian emigrants | *According to the 2000 U.S. census, there were 735,128 Americans of '''full or partial Austrian descent''', accounting for 0.3% of the population. The states with the largest Austrian American populations are '''New York (93,083), California (84,959), Pennsylvania (58,002) (most of them in the Lehigh Valley), Florida (54,214), New Jersey (45,154), and Ohio (27,017).''' This may be an undercount, as many German Americans, Czech Americans, Polish Americans, Slovak Americans, and Ukrainian Americans, and other Americans with Central European ancestry can trace their roots from the Habsburg territories of Austria, the Austrian Empire, or Cisleithania. | ||
*The Austrian migration to the USA probably started in 1734, when a group of 50 families from the city of Salzburg, Austria, migrated to the newly founded '''Georgia'''. Having a Protestant background, they migrated because of Catholic repression in their country. | |||
*In the first fifty years of the 19th century, many more Austrians emigrated to the United States, although the number of Austrian emigrants did not exceed a thousand people. Prior to the year 1918, the precise number of Austrians who emigrated to the USA is unknown since Austria was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, so the U.S. Census recorded the number of people from all over the empire in the same group (the Austro-Hungarian group). | |||
*In this period, most of the emigrants were '''Tyroleans''' who lacked of lands or that fled the Metternich regime. | |||
*The immigration of Austrians increased during the second half of 19th century, and in 1900 had 275,000 Austrians living in the USA. Many Austrians settled in '''New York City, Pittsburgh, and Chicago'''. | |||
*Since 1880, when a great wave of emigration started from all over Europe, Austrians also emigrated massively to the United States, looking for new agricultural land on which to work because as the Austrian Empire was undergoing industrialization, fields were being replaced by cities. | |||
*From 1901 to 1910 alone, Austrians were one of the ten most significant immigrant groups in the United States, with more than 2.1 million Austrians. | |||
*Many of them, more than 35 percent, returned to Austria with the savings that they had made by their employment. | |||
*In 1914–1938, Austrian immigration was low, until it slowed to a trickle during the years of the Depression. Between 1919 and 1924, fewer than 20,000 Austrians emigrated to the North American country, mainly from '''Burgenland'''. | |||
*However, since the late 1930s, many other Austrians migrated to the United States. Most of them were '''Jews fleeing the Nazi persecution''' which started with the Annexation of Austria in 1938. In 1941, some 29,000 '''Jewish Austrians''' had emigrated to the United States. Most of them were doctors, lawyers, architects and artists (such as composers, writers, and stage and film directors). | |||
*Much later, between 1945 and 1960, some 40,000 Austrians emigrated to the United States. Since the 1960s, however, Austrian immigration has been very small, mostly because Austria is now a developed nation, where poverty and political oppression are scarce. According to the 1990 U.S. census, 948,558 people identified their origins in Austria.<ref>"Austrian Americans", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Americans, accessed 9 June 2021.</ref> | |||
==For Further Reading== | ==For Further Reading== | ||